Ø Full text online at www.ijmr.org.in Ø Submit online : http://www.journalonweb.com/ijmr India & COVID-19 (Part-IV) R.N.I. Regd. No. 2223/57 © 2021 Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi The Indian Journal of Medical Research Available free full text online at www.ijmr.org.in; https://ijmr.icmr.org.in/ijmr/index.aspx The Indian Journal of Medical Research is a biomedical journal with international circulation. It publishes original communications of biomedical research that advances or illuminates medical science or that educates the journal readers. It is issued monthly, in two volumes per year. All correspondence regarding submission of manuscripts, reprints, subscription etc., should be addressed to the Editor-in-Chief, The Indian Journal of Medical Research, Indian Council of Medical Research, V. Ramalingaswami Bhawan, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi-110029. (Telephone: 91-11- 26589384 Fax: 91-11-26589497; e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]). Guidelines for contributors to the Journal are published in each issue of the Journal, also available at the Journal websites. Dr Anju Sharma Editor-in-Chief Assistant Editor: Dr Albina Arjuman Nair Editorial Assistance: Shri Man Mohan Singh, Smt. Rachna Sharma, Shri Ram Kishore Suyal Subscription rate and terms: The total number of the issues of the Journal will be 12 per year (excluding Supplements). • ` 400.00 per copy (India) • US$ 45.00 per copy (airmail) • ` 4000.00 per annum (India) • US$ 450.00 per annum (airmail) [Rate includes postal charges] No discount is available on individual, institute and agent subscription. Payment may be made by cheque/demand draft in favor of “Wolters Kluwer India Private Limited” payable at par Mumbai to below mentioned address. For more details, please visit www.ijmr.org.in/subscribe.asp Postal Address: Wolters Kluwer India Private Limited, A-202, 2nd Floor, The Qube, C.T.S. No.1498A/2, Village Marol, Andheri (East), Mumbai - 400 059, India. For subscription: Please contact Wolters Kluwer India Pvt. Ltd. at [email protected] Note : The Editor-in-Chief or the Publisher assumes no responsibility for the statements and opinion of contributors. Editorial Board Chairperson : Dr Balram Bhargava, Director-General, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) and Secretary, Department of Health Research, Government of India, New Delhi Members : Dr S.S. Abdool Karim, Director, CAPRISA, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa Dr C. Adithan, Former Professor, Department of Pharmacology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research, Puducherry Dr M.J. Albert, Professor, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait Dr Eesh Bhatia, Professor, Department of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow Dr K. Dheda, Professor of Respiratory Medicine, UCT Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa Dr S.K. Dwivedi, Professor, Department of Cardiology, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow Dr C. Dye, Director, Strategy, Policy & Information, Coordinator, Sustainable Development Goals, Office of The Director General, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland Dr J.L. Excler, Senior Consultant, HIV Vaccine Clinical Development, US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Bethesda, MD, USA Dr N.K. Ganguly, Visiting Professor of Eminence, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad Dr Pramod K. Garg, Professor, Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi Dr. S. E. Hasnain, Former Professor & Head, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Jamia Hamdard and Honorary Professor, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, New Delhi Dr T. Jacob John, 439, Civil Supplies Godown Lane, Kamalakshipuram, Vellore Dr V.M. Katoch, Former Secretary, DHR & Former Director-General, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi Dr Ashok Kumar, Director Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi Dr Lalit Kumar, Professor & Head, Department of Medical Oncology, Dr BRA-Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital (IRCH), All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi Dr Rajeev Kumar, Professor, Department of Urology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi Dr A. Malhotra, Professor of Medicine, Director of Sleep Medicine, UC San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, USA Dr K.H. Mayer, Medical Research Director, Fenway Community Health, Fenway Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA Dr U.K. Misra, Professor, Department of Neurology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow Dr V. Mohan, President, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai Dr Vimla V. Nadkarni, President, International Association of Schools of Social Work, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai Dr G.B. Nair, Former Ag Regional Advisor, Research Policy & Cooperation Unit, Communicable Diseases Department, World Health Organization, New Delhi Lt. Gen (Dr) Velu Nair, Group Head, Medical Sciences & Senior Consultant, Hemato-Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplant, Comprehensive Blood and Cancer Center (CBCC), Apollo Hospitals International Ltd., Gandhinagar Dr Jagat Narula, Professor of Medicine, Associate Dean for Global Health, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, USA Dr M. Pai, Director, McGill Global Health Programs, Associate Director, McGill International TB Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Canada Dr Prema Ramachandran, Director, Nutrition Foundation of India, New Delhi Dr B.S. Ramakrishna, Director, Institute of Gastroenterology, SRM Institutes for Medical Sciences, Chennai Dr Graham R. Serjeant, Professor, Department of Hematology, Sickle Cell Trust (Jamaica), Jamaica Dr S.K. Sharma, Former Professor & Head, Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi Dr Harpal Singh, Professor, Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi Dr K.K. Talwar, Former Chairperson, Medical Council of India, New Delhi Dr Radhika Tandon, Professor of Ophthalmology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi Contributors are welcome to submit their manuscripts online at http://www.journalonweb.com/ijmr Announcement The Indian Journal of Medical Research invites contributions in the section on “Clinical Images”. These are high quality image(s) of a clinical entity which is unique/rare along with a short and crisp write-up describing the condition and other information available, to be submitted by contributors from medical schools and other medical research institutions. Original, high quality (300 dpi resolution) images (JPEG or TIFF) will be considered for publication after peer evaluation. Contributors kindly note: 1. There should be a title page with a clear title of 6-8 words, name(s) of contributor(s) – (not >2), with highest academic degree and affiliation(s). 2. Also provide a corresponding address and e-mail. 3. The write up should be about 100-125 words. Specific Instructions: 1. Only two authors are allowed per clinical image, at least one of the authors should be a faculty associated with the department and hospital/institute where the case was first presented and diagnosed and followed up. 2. A duly signed patient’s consent form should be obtained by the authors (but not to be uploaded along with manuscript). In case the patient is deceased, the form should be signed by a family member or a close relative of the patient. The patient’s consent form should be as per the IJMR format (can be downloaded from our website). 3. The place (Department & Institute) and period of the study (month & year when the patient was first presented) should be incorporated within the first two lines of the text. 4. The treatment strategies employed should be briefly described with outcome. 5. Follow up details of the patient should be mentioned along with the duration of follow up and outcome. 6. Undertaking and copyright transfer forms should be submitted duly signed by both the authors. Instructions for Figures & Videos: 1. Should be unique and innovative with more than one techniques involved. 2. Figures should preferably be represented as different panels of a single image (not mandatory) 3. Only CT/MRI scans, ultrasound images, Echo-cardiographs and images of ultra-sonography, endoscopy, etc. will have low preference for consideration. 4. The above may be accompanied with some other images such as • Histopathology: fluorescent micrographs, unique kinds of staining, electron micrographs, confocal microscopy, etc. • Genetic characterization techniques such as karyotyping, FISH, etc. • Cases where surgical intervention is involved should be represented with before and after images of the area under focus. • Conditions with morphological abnormalities/ physical deformities may be depicted with relevant images of the same. 5. Videos (size not exceeding 1 MB) can be uploaded, preferably in MP4 or FLV format, not exceeding 30 seconds. The contributions can be submitted online at www.journalonweb.com/ijmr. Indian J Med Res 153, January & February 2021, pp 1-240 Special Issue - India & COVID-19 (Part-IV) Guest Editors: Drs Rajesh Bhatia & Priya Abraham Contents Pages Editorial The quest continues for perfect COVID-19 vaccine Rajesh Bhatia ... 1 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.IJMR_4165_20 Review Articles Cardiovascular manifestations of COVID-19: An evidence-based narrative review