CONTRIBUTIONS TO AN INTEGRATED CONTROL PROGRAMME OF HYPS1PYLA GRANDELLA (ZELLER) IN COSTA RICA b *m&& C* VL>" -;-.,-* d Comparison of the effect of aequous leaf extract of the Australian cedar (bottom specimens in a, b and c) with that of Spanish cedar (top specimens in a, b and c) incorporated in diet, on the mahogany shootborer. a. After 14day s of feeding, b.Afte r 24 days of feeding, c.Pupa e obtained after 28 days and 40 days from diet mixtures containing Spanish cedar and Australian cedar respectively, d. Adult with shortened wingsreare d on diet con­ taining Australian cedar. For accompanying text refer to chapters 2.1.3. and 3. yVA/ 8lOl /b(p P. GRIJPMA CONTRIBUTIONS TO AN INTEGRATED CONTROL PROGRAMME OF HYPSIPYLA GRANDELLA (ZELLER) IN COSTA RICA (MET EEN SAMENVATTING IN HET NEDERLANDS) UIBLIOTHIBK J"- DEH JLAHDBOWHOCrESCHOOI, WAGESI NGE N PROEFSCHRIFT TER VERKRIJGING VAN DE GRAAD VAN DOCTOR IN DE LANDBOUWWETENSCHAPPEN, OP GEZAG VAN DE RECTOR MAGNIFICUS, DR. IR. H. A. LENIGER, HOOGLERAAR IN DE TECHNOLOGIE, IN HET OPENBAAR TE VERDEDIGEN OP VRIJDAG 20 DECEMBER 1974 DES NAMIDDAGS TE VIER UUR IN DE AULA VAN DE LANDBOUWHOGESCHOOL TE WAGENINGEN /, ' '/$ Dit proefschrift met stellingen van PIETER GRIJPMA landbouwkundig ingenieur, geboren te Bandoeng, Indonesie, op 7 april 1932, is goedgekeurd door de promotoren Dr. J. de Wilde, hoogleraar in het dierkundige deel van de plantenziektenkunde en door Dr. L. M. Schoonhoven, hoogleraar in de algemene en vergelijkende dierfysiologie. De Rector Magnificus van de Landbouwhogeschool, H. A. Leniger Wageningen, 16 September 1974. nn : — Stellingen Inee ngeintegreer dbestrijdingsprogramm ava nHypsipyl averdien t hetaanbevelin gplantmateriaa lva nMeliaceee nt egebruiken , waarvand enieuw elote nsynchroo ne nweini gfrequen tuitlopen . Inee ndergelij kprogramm azoude neiparasiete nva nhe tgeslach t yrichogrammava ngroo tnu tkunne nblijke nt ezijn . II jHe t isnie taannemelij kda td ewaardkeuz eva nHypsipyl aspp . jbepaal dword tdoo rd eoorspronkelij k toxischesecundaire . Iplantenstoffen ,waaraa nhe t insectzic hgedurend ed eevoluti e jheef taangepast . GARA,R.I .£ t al.Zeitschrif tfu rangewandt e Entomologie72(3) :259-266 .197 3 III 1Te nonrecht eword tCedrel a salvadorensis Standleyal ssynonie m \ van£ . tonduziiCDC .gehandhaafd . j j SMITH,E.A .Rhodor a74 :124-126 .197 2 IV Wijzigingeni nhe tvoorkome ne ni nd eonderling everhoudin gva n voedselcomponenten ind ewaardplan t tijdenshe t larvalestadiu m vaninsecte nzij nmogelij kva ngroo tbelan gvoo rd ewaardkeuz e vand edaarui tvoortkomend eadulten . Devermeldin gva nhe tgenu sErythrin a (Leguminosae)al swaard ­ plantva nHypsipyl agrandell a (Zeller)word tonvoldoend edoo r veldwaarnemingengesteund . TILLMANNS,H.J .Boleti nde lInstitut o ForestalLatinoamerican od eInvestigacio n yCapacitacio n 14:82-92 .196 4 ENTWISTLE,P.F .Th ecurren tsituatio no n shoot,frui tan dcolla rborer so fth e Meliaceae. Oxford,Commonwealt hForestr yInstitute ,1968 . 15p .Pape ro fth e9t hCommonwealt hForestr y Conference,Ne wDelhi ,1968 . VI Bijhe tgebrui kva nindividuel eboompercele n inaanpassingsproeve n methoutsoorte nvoo rmonoculture s ind etrope nva nLatijn sAmerik a wordtt eweini grekenin ggehoude nme the teffec tva nd eindividue n opelkaar . BRISCOE,C.B .Statisticall yvali dplantin g trials.Proceeding so fth e2n dWorl d EucalyptusConference .Sa oPaulo ,1961 . pp.525-531 . VII Inaansluitin g ophe tpsychotechnisc honderzoe kda tbi jlang - durigeuitzendin gva ntechnic iplaatsvindt ,verdien the taanbe - velingda tnie tallee nd ebetrokke nwerknemer ,doc hoo kdien s echtgenoteo pgeschikthei d daarvoorword tgekeurd . VIII Hetresultaa tva nhe t ind eDerd eWerel duitgevoer d onderzoek dient,n agebleke ngeschiktheid ,bi jvoorkeu r ind ei ndi eregi o verschijnendevakblade n teworde ngepubliceerd . Internationale organisaties,zoal sd eVoedsel -e nLandbouworganisati eva nd e VerenigdeNatie se nhe tMinisteri eva nOntwikkelingssamenwerkin g zoudendez epublicatie snie tallee nbehore nt estimuleren ,doc h zelfsva nhu nwerknemer sdiene nt everlangen . P.Grijpm a "Contributions toa nintegrate d controlprogramm ao f Hypsipylagrandell a (Zeller)i nCost aRica . 20decembe r1974 . PREFACE Onrelativel yfe woccasion splantbreeders ,forester so rentomologist s haveha dth eprivileg et ocom eacros sa plan t specieswhic ha tonc e combineda natura limmunit yt oa notoriou sinsec tpes twit hal lde ­ siredqualitie so fth eplant .M yinteres t inHypsipyl agrandella ,th e shootborero fMeliaceae ,wa sarouse dwhe nI introduce dth eAustralia n redceda r(Toon aciliat ava raustralis )int oCost aRic ai nadaptabilit y trialso ffores ttre e species,durin gwhic hi tprove dt ob eresistan t againstth eattack so fthi sborer . Itwa sa fortunat ecircumstanc etha tthi sapplie dsilvicultural-ento ­ mologicalresearc hwa scarrie dou ti nth eframewor k ofa Technica l AssistanceProjec t ofth eNetherland sGovernment ,whic hallowe dfo r theprope rdevelopmen t ofth eproject ,assistanc ean dchannel so fdis ­ semination. Althoughsevera laspect so fthi sresearc hremai nt ob e solved,i ti s encouragingt okno wtha tth eAustralia nceda ri sa tpresen tbein gplante d inth emajorit yo fth eLati nAmerica ncountrie san dtha tthes etrial s haveconfirme dth etree' sresistanc eagains tthi sseriou sfores tinsect . I amgreatl yindebte dt oProf .Dr .J . deWild ean dProf ;Dr .L.M .Schoon - hoven,who ,wit hgrea tinterest ,followe dth edevelopmen t ofthi sre ­ searchan dwh ointroduce dm eint one wfields 'o fplant-insec tinvesti ­ gations,thereb ywidenin gm yentomologica lhorizo nan dreinforcin gm y interesti nthi srelationship . Theirguidanc ean dassistance ,a swel l asth ecritica lappraisa lo fth emanuscript ,i sgratefull yacknowledged . Mygratitud ei sals oextende dt oth eNetherland sBurea uo fInternationa l DevelopmentCooperatio nan dth eInternationa lAgricultura lCentre ,i n particulart oMr .H .J .va nRonge nan dIr .A .Gla sfo rthei rearl yre ­ cognitiono fth epotential so fthi sresearc hprojec tan dfo rallowin g anadditiona lyea rt oroun dof fan dwrit eu pthes estudies . Inparticula rI wan tt othan kDr .J .E .Araujo ,Directo rGenera lo fth e Inter-AmericanInstitut eo fAgricultura lScience so fth eOrganizatio n ofAmerica nStates ,Ing .M .Elgueta ,Directo ro fth eTropica lResearc h andTrainin gCentre ,an dDr .W .Albertin ,Hea do fth eDepartmen to f TropicalFores tScience sa swel la sMis sM .D .Malugani ,Director ,an d Ing.A .Gprbitz ,Technica lEdito ro fth eDocumentatio nan dInformatio n Centrefo rthei runwaverin g supportdurin gthi sresearc hproject . My sinceregratitud ei sals oextende dt oProf .Dr .R .I .Gar ao fth e University ofWashington ,wh over ymuc hstimulate dm yfirs tstep s inHypsipyl aresearc ha tth eTropica lResearc han dTrainin gCentr ei n Turrialbaan dprovide dm ewit hfres hinsight si ninsec tecology . The jointinvestigatio nwit hDr .S .C .Robert so nth etoxi ccompound s ofToon awa sa gratifyin gan dfruitfu lexperienc ewhic hconvince dm e ofth eimportan trol ewhic horgani cchemist sshoul dpla yi ninvestiga ­ tionso nplant-insec trelationships . Withpleasur eI recal lth elon gdiscussion swit hmember so fth eInter-Amer ­ icanWorkin gGrou po nHypsipyla ;mor especificall yI woul dlik et oexpres s myappreciatio nt oIng .V .0 .Becker ,Dr .0 .Hidalgo-Salvatierra ,Dr .K . Katiyar,Prof .Dr .G .G .Allan ,Dr .F .D .Bennett ,Dr .R .M .Wilkin san d Dr.D .D .Sliw athereb ythankin gthe mfo rcontributin gt om yscientifi c andpersona lformation . Thehel preceive dfro mcolleagues ,staf fan dpersonne l ofth eLaboratorie s ofAnima lPhysiolog yan dEntomolog yha sbee no fgrea tvalue . Inpartic ­ ular,I woul dlik et othan kIr .E .A .Goewie ,Ir .J .Wiersma ,Drs .W .F . Tjallingii,Ir .F .Dieleman ,Drs .J .H .Visser ,an dMr .G .va nde rBur g forthei rassistanc ean dadvice' . Thekin dcooperatio no fMis sE .va nde r Meijden,Mr .C .va nEde nan dMr .A .G .M .Roo sdurin gm ysta yi nWageninge n isdeepl yappreciated . Last,bu tno tleast ,I a mmos tgratefu lfo rth eassistanc e receivedo n numerousoccasion sfro mIr .J . T.Sterring aan dth etea mo fCost aRica n workersunde rguidanc eo fMr .Osca rOvares . Theirdiligen t collaboration willlon gb eremembered . Wageningen,Septembe r 24th,1974 - List ofincorporate dpaper salread ypublishe do ri npress . 1.Grijpma ,P .an dRamalho ,R .Toon aspp ., posible salternativa spar ae l problemade lbarrenado rHypsipyl agrandell ad ela sMeliacea se nAme ­ ricaLatina .Turrialb a 19(4)=531-547• 1969* Thispape rha sbee ntrans ­ latedfro mSpanis hint oEnglis hi nthi sdissertation . 2.Grijpma ,P .Immunit yo fToon aciliat aM .Roem .va raustrali s(P.v.M. ) CDC. andKhay aivorensi sA .Chev .t oattack so fHy ps ip yla grandell a Zelleri nTurrialba ,Cost aRica .Turrialb a20(l):85~93 .1970 . 3.Grijpma ,P .an dGara ,R .I .Studie so nth eshootbore rHypsipyl agran - dellaZeller .I .Hos tselectio nbehavior .Turrialb a20(2):233-240 . 1970. 4«Grijpma ,P .an dGara ,R.I .Studie so nth eshootbore rHypsipyl a gran- dellaZeller .II .Hos tpreferenc e ofth elarva .Turrialb a20(2):241 - 247.1970 . 5.Grijpma ,P .Studie so nth eshootbore rHypsipyl a grandellaZeller .V . Observationso na rearin gtechniqu ean do nhos tselectio nbehavio ro f adultsi ncaptivity .Turrialb a21(2):202-213 .1971 - 6.Grijpma ,P .Studie so nth eshootbore rHypsipyl agrandell a (Zeller) (Lep.,Pyralidae) .XII .Observation so nth e egg parasiteTrichogramm a semifumaturn(Perkins )(Hymenoptera ,Trichogrammatidae) .Turrialb a 22(49:398-402.1972 . 7.Grijpma ,P .Studie so nth eshootbore rHypsipyl agrandell a (Zeller). (Lep.,Pyralidae) .XVII .Record so ftw oparasite sne wt oCost