3 < Encyclopedia of the Mexican-American War Mark Crawford David S. Heidler and Jeanne T. Heidler Consulting editors ABC-CLIO Santa-Barbara, California Denver, Colorado Oxford, England Contents Preface, xiii Acknowledgments, xv Introduction, xvii Maps, xxi Encyclopedia of the Mexican-American War Abolitionists, 1 Arizona, 16 Beaubien, Carlos (1800-1864), Aburto, Juan, 1 Armijo, Manuel (1801-1854), 37 Adams, John Quincy 16 Beauregard, Pierre Gustave (1767-1848), 2 Armistead, Lewis Addison Toutant (1818-1893), 38 African Americans, 3 (1817-1863), 17 Bee, Barnard Elliott Agua Fria, Skirmish of (June Army, Mexico, 17 (1824-1861), 38 4,1848), 3 Army, United States, 21 Belknap, William Goldsmith Agua Nueva, 4 Arroyo Colorado, 28 (d. 1851), 39 Aguascalientes, Plan of, 5 Arroyo Hondo, Skirmish at Bent, Charles (1799-1847), 39 Alaman y Escalada, Lucas Qanuary 1847), 28 Benton, Thomas Hart (1792-1853), 5 Atlixco, Skirmish at (October (1782-1858), 40 Alcorta, Lino Jose (ca. 19,1847), 29 Bent's Old Fort, 41 1794-1854), 6 Atocha, Alexander ]., 29 Biddle, James (1783-1848), 42 Alexander, Edmund Brooke Aztec Club, 30 Billings, Eliza Allen, 42 (1800-1888), 6 Bishop's Palace, Monterrey, 42 "All of Mexico" Movement, 7 Backus, Electus (1804-1862), Bissell, William Henry Almonte, Juan Nepomuceno 31 (1811-1860), 43 (1803-1869), 7 Baker, Edward Dickinson Black, John, 44 Alvarado, 8 (1811-1861), 31 Blake, Jacob E. (1812-1846), 44 Alvarez, Juan (1790-1867), 9 Balbontin, Manuel Blanco, Santiago (1815-1883), Alvarez, Manuel (1794-1856), (1824-1894), 32 45 10 Balderas, Lucas (1797-1847), Bliss, William Wallace Smith Ampudia, Pedro de 32 (1815-1853), 45 (1805-1868), 10 Bancroft, George (1800-1891), Bocachicacampo, Skirmish at Anaya, Pedro Maria 33 (February 13,1848), 46 (1795-1854), 11 Barbour, Philip Norbourne Bonham, Milledge Luke Anderson, Robert (1805-1871), (1813-1846), 33 (1813-1890), 46 12 Bartlett, John Russell Borginnis, Sarah (1812-1866), Andrade, Manuel (1800-ca. (1805-1886), 34 46 I860), 12 Bartlett-Conde Agreement, 34 Borland, Solon (1808-1864), 47 Anglo-American Press in Baz, Juan Jose (1820-1887), 35 Bowles, William Augustus Mexico, 13 Beach, Moses Y. (1800-1868), (1799-1873), 47 Apache Canyon, 13 35 Boyd, Linn (1800-1859), 48 Arab, 14 Beale, Edward Fitzgerald Bragg, Braxton (1817-1876), 48 Archuleta, Diego, 14 (1822-1893), 36 Bravo Rueda, Nicolas Arista, Mariano (1802-1855), Bear Flag Revolt (June-July (1787-1854), 49 15 1846), 37 Vll viii Contents Brevet Rank, 50 Chapultepec, Battle of Davis, John (1787-1854), 94 Brooks, Horace B. (ca. (September 13,1847), 74 Dayton, Wreck of (September 1815-1894), 50 Chase, Anna McClarmonde 13,1845), 95 Brooks, William Thomas (1809-1874), 76 De la Rosa, Luis (1804-1856), Harbaugh (1821-1879), 51 Chaves, Manuel Antonio 95 Brown, Jacob (ca. 1788-1846), (1818-1889), 76 Delaware Indians, 96 51 Chihuahua, 77 Dent, Frederick Tracy Buchanan, James (1791-1868), Childs, Thomas (1796-1852), (1821-1892), 96 52 78 Desertion, 96 Buchanan, Robert Christie China, 78 Diarrhea, 98 (1811-1878), 53 Churubusco, Battle of (August Diaz de la Vega, Romulo (ca. Buena Vista, Battle of 20,1847), 79 1804-1877), 98 (February 23,1847), 53 Citadel, Monterrey, 80 Dimick, Justin (1800-1871), 99 Burnett, Ward B. (1810-1884), Clark, Meriwether Lewis Dominguez, Manuel, 99 56 (1809-1881), 81 Dominguez's Spy Company Bustamante, Anastasio Clay, Cassius Marcellus (Mexican Spy Company), (1780-1853), 56 (1810-1903), 81 100 Butler, Pierce M. (1798-1847), Clay, Henry (1777-1852), 82 Donelson, Andrew Jackson 57 Clay, Henry, Jr. (1811-1847), 82 (1799-1871), 100 Butler, William Orlando Clifford, Nathan (1803-1881), Doniphan, Alexander William (1791-1880), 57 82 (1808-1887), 101 Coahuila y Texas, 83 Doniphan's March Cadwalader, George Cochori, Skirmish at (January (1846-1847), 102 (1806-1879), 59 30,1848), 84 Dos Amades, 104 Cahuenga, Treaty of (1847), 59 Collado Beach, 84 Dragoons, 104 Calhoun, John Caldwell Collins, John L., 84 Drum, Simon H. (1807-1847), (1782-1850), 60 Colorado, 85 104 California, 60 Conner, David (1792-1856), 85 Du Pont, Samuel Francis California Battalion, 61, Contreras, Battle of (August (1803-1865), 104 Californios, 62 20,1847), 85 Duran, Augustin, 105 Camargo, 62 Cooke, Philip St. George Campuzano, Antonio (1809-1895), 86 Echeagaray, Miguel Maria (1810-1866), 63 Cooper, James Fenimore (1816-1891), 107 Canales Rosillo, Antonio (ca. (1789-1851), 87 El Brazito, Battle of (December 1800-1869), 63 Corpus Christi, 87 25,1846), 107 Canalizo, Valentin Corwin, Thomas (1794-1865), El Embudo Pass, Skirmish at (1794-1850), 64 (January 29,1847), 108 88 Carbajal, Jose Maria Jesus (ca. El Molino del Rey, Battle of Cos, Martin Perfecto de 1805-1874), 65 (1800-1854), 88 (September 8,1847), 108 Carmen, 65 El Rincon del Diablo, 110 Couch, Darius (1822-1897), 89 Carrasco, Jose Maria El Tomacito (Tomas Baca), 110 Court of Inquiry, Scott (1847), Emerson, Ralph Waldo (1813-1851), 65 89 Carricitos Ranch, Skirmish at Couto, Jose Bernardo (1803-1882), 110 (April 25,1846), 66 (1803-1862), 90 Emory, William Hemsley Carson, Christopher ("Kit") Cross, Trueman (ca. (1811-1887), 111 (1809-1868), 66 1795-1846), 90 Ewell, Richard Stoddert Casey, Silas (1807-1882), 67 Cuevas, Luis Gonzago (1817-1872), 111 Castro, Jose Maria (ca. (1800-1867), 91 Falcon, Ramon (d. 1847), 113 1810-1860), 67 Cushing, Caleb (1800-1879), Flores, Jose Maria (1818-1866), Casualties, Mexico, 68 91 Casualties, United States, 68 113 Flying Artillery, 114 Catana, Massacre at (February Dallas, George Mifflin Ford, John Salmon 10,1847), 69 (1792-1864), 93 Catholic Church, Mexico, 69 Dalton, Patrick (ca. (1815-1897), 114 Cerro Gordo, Battle of (April 1824-1847), 93 Forrest, French (1796-1866), 115 Fort Brown, 115 17-18,1847), 71 Davis, Jefferson (1808-1889), Fort Jesup, 116 Chapita, 74 94 Fort Marcy, 116 Contents ix Fort Polk, 116 Hays, John Coffee (1817-1883), Kearny, Philip (1814-1862), Fort Teneria, 117 137 153 Foster, John Gray (1823-1874), Hebert, Paul Octave Kearny, Stephen Watts 117 (1818-1880), 137 (1794-1848), 153 Fremont, John C. (1813-1890), Henderson, James Pinckney Kearny's March (1846), 154 117 (1808-1858), 138 Kendall, George Wilkins French, Samuel Gibbs Henrie; Daniel Drake, 138 (1809-1867), 155 (1818-1910), 119 Heredia, Jose Antonio de (ca. Kinney, Henry Lawrence 1800-ca 1870), 138 (1814-1862), 156 Gadsden Treaty (1853), 121 Herrera, Jose Joaquin de Kirker, James (1793-1853), 157 Gaines, John Pollard (1792-1854)^139 Klamath Indians, 157 (1795-1857), 121 Hill, Daniel Harvey Galaxara, Skirmish at La Canada, Battle of (January (1821-1889), 139 (November 24,1847), 122 Hitchcock, Ethan Allen 24,1847), 159 Gaona, Antonio (1793-1848), La Encarnacion, 159 • (1798-1870), 140 122 La Hoya, Skirmish at (June 20, Holzinger, Sebastian, 140 Garcia Conde, Pedro Hooker, Joseph (1814-1879), 1847), 160 (1806-1851), 122 La Mesa, Battle of (January 9, 140 Garrison, William Lloyd Houston, Samuel (1793-1863), 1847), 160 (1805-1879), 123 La Paz, 161 141 Gillespie, Archibald H. (ca. Lamy, Jean Baptiste Huamantla, Battle of (October 1812-1873), 123 9,1847), 141 (1814-1888), 161 Gillespie, Robert Addison Huger, Benjamin (1805-1877), Landero Bauza, Jose Juan (1815-1846), 124 (1802-1869), 162 142 Gomez Farias, Valentin Lane, Joseph (1801-1881), 162 Hughes, John Joseph Larkin, Thomas Oliver (1781-1851), 124 (1797-1864), 142 Graham, Richard H. (ca. Hunt, Henry Jackson (1802-1858), 162 1817-1846), 125 (1819-1889), 143 Lee, Robert Edward Grant, Ulysses S. (1822-1885), Hunter, Charles G. (1807-1870), 163 125 Leon, Antonio (1794-1847), (1813-1873), 143 Gray, Andrew Belcher 164 (1820-1862), 126 Ide, William Brown Lincoln, Abraham Gray, Mabry B. (1817-1848), (1796-1852), 145 (1809-1865), 164 127 Immortal 14,145 Lombardini, Manuel Maria Green, Duff (1791-1875), 127 Indians, 145 (1802-1853), 165 Guadalupe Hidalgo, Treaty of Ingraham, Duncan N. Longstreet, James (1821-1904), (1848), 128 (1802-1891), 146 165 Guaymas, Battle of (October Loreto, 166 Jackson, Andrew (1767-1845), 20,1847), 128 Loring, William Wing 147 Guerrilla Warfare, 129 (1818-1886), 166 Jackson, Samuel, 147 Los Angeles, 166 Jackson, Thomas Jonathan Hall,WillardPreble Lowell, James Russell (1820-1882), 133 ("Stonewall") (1824-1863), (1819-1891), 167 Halleck, Henry Wager 148 (1815-1872), 133 Jalapa, 148 Mackenzie, Alexander Slidell Halls of the Montezumas, Jarauta, Celestino Domeco de (1803-1848), 169 Mexico City, 134 (1814-1848), 149 Magoffin, James Wiley Hamer, Thomas Lyon Jarero, Jose Maria (1801-1867), (1799-1868), 169 (1800-1846), 134 150 Magruder, John Bankhead Hannegan, Edward Allen Jesup, Thomas Sidney (1810-1871), 170 (1807-1859), 134 (1788-1860), 150 Manifest Destiny, 170 Hardee, William Joseph Johnston, Albert Sidney Mansfield, Joseph King Fenno (1815-1873), 135 (1803-1862), 150 (1803-1862), 171 Hardin, John J. (1810-1847), Johnston, Joseph Eggleston Marcy, William Learned 135 (1807-1891), 151 (1786-1857), 172 Harney, William Selby Jones, Anson (1798-1858), 151 Marshall, Thomas (1793-1853), (1800-1889), 135 Jornada del Muerta, 152 172 Hawk's Peak, 136 Juvera, Julian (1784-1860), 152 x Contents Martinez, Antonio Jose Ojo Oso, 203 Quijano, Benito (1800-1865), (1793-1867), 173 Olompali, Skirmish at (June 226 Mason, Richard Barnes 23,1846), 204 Quirman, John Anthony (1797-1850), 173 Ortega, Jose Maria (1799-1858), 226 Matamoros, 174 (1793-1871), 205 Mazatlan, 174 Ortiz, Tomas, 205 Ramos, 229 McClellan, George Brinton Rancho Dominguez, Skirmish Palo Alto, Battle of (May 8, (1826-1885), 175 at (October 8,1846), 229 1846), 207 McCulloch, Ben (1811-1862), Rangel, Joaquin (1803-1874), Panuco, 208 175 230 Paredes y Arrillaga, Mariano McElroy, John (1782-1877), 176 Rea, Joaquin (ca. 1791-1850), Meade, George Gordon (1797-1849), 209 230 Parras, 210 (1815-1872), 176 Reily (Reilly, Riley, O'Reilly), Parrodi, Anastasio Medical Practices, Mexico, 177 John, 231 Medical Practices, United (1805-1867), 210 Rejon, Manuel Crecencio Parrott, William S. States, 178 (1799-1849), 231 (1798-1863), 210 Mejia, Francisco (1822-1901), Reno, Jesse L.