Alain Locke Pioneer in Multiculturalism & Race Amity Christopher Buck, PhD, JD National Race Amity Conference 2011 © 2011 by Christopher Buck Friday, June 10, 2011 Source: Photos (1941) by Carl Van Vechten, Wheelock College Yale Collection of American Literature, Boston, MA 02215 Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Image ID Numbers 1078431, 1078430, 1078431. Friday, June 10, 2011 Alain Leroy Locke Legacy & Contemporary Importance Friday, June 10, 2011 Locke like Plato & Aristotle — MLK !:&K8&'B#01B'-#'5&-' Most In!uential #38'$.05?8&1'%1#)' African -.*-'-.&' #15I'H.05#+#H.&8+' American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riday, June 10, 2011 Locke’s Significance 1885–1954 Race amity and Bahá’í “Race Amity” multiculturalism intersect in participant/organizer. Alain Locke. Philosopher of Democracy. First African American “Redefined” democracy by Rhodes Scholar (1907). widening its scope to nine Associated with the birth of dimensions: “cultural pluralism” which Local, Moral, Political, Locke called “a New Economic, Cultural, Racial, Americanism”) precursor of Social, Spiritual and World multiculturalism (1907). Democracy. “Dean” of the Harlem Renaissance (1925). Friday, June 10, 2011 A Founder of Cultural Pluralism Race Amity !"#$%&'/#8&'8&$&1-5I' Leader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riday, June 10, 2011 Locke Holds Smashing of Humanity's Barriers Civilization's Present Need: Howard University Profes... The New York Amsterdam News (1922-1938); Mar 26, 1930; ProQuest Historical Newspapers: New York Amsterdam News (1922-1993) pg. 11 No more progressive step can be made in our present civilization than the breaking down of the barriers which separate races, sexes and nations. — Alain Locke (1930) Source: The New York Amsterdam News (26 March 1930): 11. Friday, June 10, 2011 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. 1907 First Black Rhodes Race uplifted Scholar !M1').*-'.&'.*+' *$.0&L&?C'*'8*$&'.*+' !O.&'I#31B'P&B8#' .*+'Q3+-')#1'*' 9&&1'3H50W&?;E' R.#?&+'+$.#5*8+.0H' F `*//*%L(-C(a#/*9%&3(HI/%*$( 7#8'J&11+I5L*10*'S' !"M#:(!#5R"CN(6780$*1' (T&,'0+'-.&'U8+-'P&B8#' @&-.#?0+-'<H0+$#H*5'X.38$.' -#'B&-'*'R.#?&+;E' R&L0&)(=bCO(4GE/:(OP>U@7(OPC F P&)'V#8%'>*05I'O80931&3( SE$'%:3(0%&5.(OU3(OP>U3(((JC( ?C Friday, June 10, 2011 Alain Leroy Locke Oxford Cosmopolitan Club (1907) Friday, June 10, 2011 Keys to Locke’s Thought Harvard Haifa Harlem Philosophy Religion Art 1 2 3 Josiah Royce ‘Abdu’l-Bahá Langston Hughes Harvard Philosopher Bahá’í Leader Harlem Renaissance Poet Friday, June 10, 2011 Harlem Art for Race Amity & Democracy Friday, June 10, 2011 Art for Amity The Negro question … is just as much, and even more seriously, the question of democracy. I believe there would be a profound change of social attitude toward the Negro if we were more generally aware of the high cost of prejudice. Enlightened self-interest would then operate to forestall the inevitable consequences of social shortsightedness. For successful peoples are rated, and rate themselves, in terms of their best. Racial and national prestige is, after all, the product of the exceptional few. Cultural recognition … means … the conscious scrapping of the mood and creed of “white supremacy.” … For what? For making possible free and unbiased contacts between the races on the selective basis of common interests and mutual consent. — Alain Locke (1927) Source: “The High Cost of Prejudice” in “Should the Negro Be Encouraged to Cultural Equality?” Forum Alain Locke, Passport Photo (1922) 78 (October 1927): 500–510. Friday, June 10, 2011 1925 “Our First National Launched Book” the Harlem !O.&'P&)'P&B8#'S'0+' H&8.*H+'#38'U8+-' Renaissance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ver 4,300 sold by 1931. Friday, June 10, 2011 An Interracial Project 1925 Winold Reiss Alain Leroy Locke, in The New Negro: An Interpretation (1925) Winold Reiss, circa 1920 Page/Plate Number: (1886–1953), a white facing page 6. Bavarian artist. Schomburg Center for Cover, imaginative Research in Black designs, and seventeen Culture / Manuscripts, portraits by Reiss Archives and Rare Books illustrate The New Negro: Division An Interpretation, edited by Alain Locke. Friday, June 10, 2011 !=&$*3+&'0-'+.*_&8+' -8*?04#1+'*1?' 1926 +/*+.&+'+-&8&#-IH&+C' !O#'D*/&+':&5?#1' 0-'$#/&+'01'-.&' 1*-38&'#7'*'2*+.01B' D#.1+#1C'01'&+-&&/' 8&L&5*4#1;'S'O.&8&'0+' *1?'$#8?0*5'8&B*8?C' 1#-'*'/#8&'L0-*55I' 65*01'"&8#I'"#$%&C' 0/H#8-*1-'9##%'7#8' D31&'Z[C'\]Z^E'' 6/&80$*1+'1#)' F #Y&8&?'-#'-.&' 1$#,'7)##,*K)&')G' H3950$;E'' "L,2%*$&'(%5,2$5A2,-' ^(G%L"+(`"/'#$(G#.$+#$3( :,%&,*+,'M$2,':))+'$&N' ;#&(%(_&#5.E&"(J&#L#D$6(O.&' O$&A9*2%P5'(%42$2F-'Q)#N,2' P&)'P&B8#C(c2'C(*$()%&&*+(,( ;R=>-'SL$C,'ST'/AL4,2 0#/"+1#&2.3(65*01'";'"#$%&G'6' UVRR;VW! =0#B8*H.I(4=>>?@3(=OOC Friday, June 10, 2011 Harmon Foundation Art Exhibits At the 1931 Harmon Foundation Art Exhibit, Locke presented an award to sculptor, Richmond Barthé. The next slide is one of two rare (silent) films of Alain Locke. William E. Harmon 1931 Friday, June 10, 2011 Promoter of African American Arts 1931 Alain Locke & Richmond Barté, Sculptor The Negro and Art (Harmon Foundation, 1933) Friday, June 10, 2011 Audio of Alain Locke’s Voice “The Negro Spiritual” 1940 Friday, June 10, 2011 Harvard Philosophy of Multiculturalism Friday, June 10, 2011 Professor of Philosophy & Writer 1937 “Dr. Alain Locke, at his desk.” Negro Notables: Negro Education and Art in the U.S. (Harmon Foundation in 1937) Friday, June 10, 2011 1907 in talks with Horace Kallen Alain Locke Coins <5+&).&8&C'A*55&1' +*I+G'!M'3+&?'0-'U8+-' “Cultural *8#31?'\][^'#8' Pluralism”… \][d').&1'65*01' 6-'`a7#8?C' "#$%&')*+'01'*' 8&$#//&1$01B' +&$4#1'#7'*'$5*++'*-' -.&08'&*850&8' T*8L*8?').&8&'M' $#1L&8+*4#1'*-' +&8L&?'*+'*++0+-*1-' -#'@8;'e&#8B&' T*8L*8?C'"#$%&' ' *+%&?'A*55&1C'!(:, f*1-*I*1*;E' .*-'?0Y&8&1$&'?#&+' -.&'?0Y&8&1$&'(#7' 8*$&,'/*%&bE'!M1' Horace Kallen 1924 *8B301B'#3-'-.#+&' N3&+4#1+CE'A*55&1' g08+-'3+&?'01'H801-G' 8&$#31-+C'!-.&' T#8*$&'@;'A*55&1C' H.8*+&'c$35-38*5' X35-38&'*1?' 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"0L&80B.-C'\]Zjk; Locke (Oxford) Friday, June 10, 2011 ''T&'-.3+'*L#0?&?' 9#-.'*++0/05*4#1' Cosmopolitan *1?'95*$%' Pluralism +&H*8*4+/;' ''"0%&':;'<;'=;'>3'=#0+ 65*01'"#$%&' F93-')0-.'B8&*-&8' *$.0&L&?'*' $#1+0+-&1$I' 980550*1-'+I1-.&+0+' H&8.*H+F"#$%&' 9&-)&&1'-.&' $.*/H0#1&?'*' $5*0/+'#7'-.&' ?&/#$8*4$'$35-38*5' H*84$35*8'*1?'-.&' H538*50+/' 310L&8+*5;' ).05&'+0/35-*1&#3+ 5I'&a&841B'.0+' ''T0+' 01?&7*4B*95&' $#+/#H#50-*10+/' &1&8BI'#1'9&.*57'#7' #Y&8&?'.#H&'7#8'*' &Y#8-+'*0/&?'*-' /&8B&8')0-.#3-' *$.0&L01B'8*$0*5' 73+0#1'#1'-.&' Q3+4$&'7#8' B8#31?'#7' 6780$*1'6/&80$*1+; ?&/#$8*4$' $35-38&;' '!d9"&"e()"/LE2(IR%L3( H0"&6"&(`*2.#E2( ''"#$%&'L0B#8#3+5I' fE+*#$7(I/%*$(!#5R"K+( H38+3&?'95*$%'$0L05' -#+L#J#/*2%$( </E&%/*+LCN( 80B.-+')0-.#3-'' O8*1+1*4#1*5'6/&80$*G' 8&+-80$41B'.0+' X35-38*5'J538*50+-' 7#$3+'-#'6780$*1' O.#3B.-'01'-.&' O)&14&-.'X&1-38I( 6/&80$*1+l 4!%$.%L3(0B7(M#1L%$( ,(!*e/"g"/'3(=>>=@3(OAPY OQQ(VOAPYOb>WC LIFE (18 Nov.