Overview ● Entertainment: Films/movies are more successful than video games, or have games eclipsed the movie industri? A Brief History of Video Games » What are successful games right now? » What are /were successful movies? Some PPT content from the Book Introduction to Game Development (not Required) ● Today: Reflect on the history of video games: » We will do a Time Line Approach (Chronologically). Robert Bakie (Chapter Author) ● Homework posted, and preview of first project has Editor Steve Rabin been posted – r ecreate a classic Arcade Video Game (Jon A Preston) in HTML5). ● Resources: Maria Hybinette,» http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_video_games UGA 2 Here single movie & game Movies vs. Games successes! ● Recent (2013) - GTA V - $800 million in its first 24 hours. » Biggest Launch ever of anything in entertainment. ● Call of Duty Black Ops2 1 billion in 15 days (650m first 5 days) » Avatar (Movie) top grossing movie of all time (not adjusting for inflation), 2 days longer to earn the same amount ● World Entertainment Industry is in the Trillions ($2T in 2016). » Gaming is currently not the biggest sector. » Biggest growth is streaming services (6.5 billions 2013) » Video Games 6.5% Annual Growth, below magazine sale – World Wide Game 81.5B in 2014 (Wikipedia) – Film Industry 88.3B in 2014 (Stastica) http://www.billboard.com/biz/articles/news/global/1565728/study-global-entertainment-industry-poised-to-top-2-trillion-in http://www.statista.com/topics/964/film/ Maria Hybinette,http://www.fastcompany.com/3021008/why-video-games-succeed-where-the-movie-and-music-industries-fail UGA 3 Maria Hybinette, UGA 4 Game Ranking Sites What About Bad Games? ● Aggregated Sites: ● http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ » Metacritic: % representing weighted averages. List_of_video_games_notable_for_negative_r – Weights are unknown http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metacritic eception – Colors: Green to red. – Current Rankings: Legend of Zelda, SoulCalibur, GTA » Game Rankings: % representing averages – At least 20 reviews http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GameRankings – Current Rankings: Super Mario Galaxy, Zelda, Super Galaxy 2 ● Review Score Sites: ● … lets review the history … we rewind to – 1UP (IGN Owner), Edge, Eurogamer, GameSpot before the 1950s! Maria Hybinette, UGA 5 Maria Hybinette, UGA 6 Roots: TV - First Patent & TV History Early History ● First Electronic Game/ 1947 – Thomas Godsmith, Jr. & ● 1949-1950 First Bouncing Ball program, not Estle Ray Mann filed a patent described as interactive. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0EeBZES6s1U » MIT's Whirlwind Computer » “Cathode Ray Tube Amusement Device” Patent (not marketed) – the world's first computer to have real-time video – Interactive electromechanical to simulate firing of air-borne capable of showing real-time text and graphics on targets oscilloscope screen. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OXO ● Control knob to position CRT Beam within a time limit connected to an ● One of the first games: oscilloscope » 1952 Graphical Tic Tac Toe by AS Douglas to – http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathode_ray_tube_amusement_device demonstrate human computer interaction. ● TV History: » OXO http://inventors.about.com/od/tstartinventions/a/ » EDSAC computer, player competed against a Television_Time.htm computer. » (1831 electronic communication, 1862 first transmission of a ● Hard to pinpoint first ever video game created, so still image, 1880 Bell & Edison - Photophone to transmit sound will focus on standouts. (and image), 1900 “television”, 1924 first moving silhouette » Standouts … Tennis for 2… next Maria Hybinette,images, UGA 1926 5 frames per second TV) 7 Maria Hybinette, UGA 8 First Video Games … The First/Early Video Games ● William Higginbotham’s Tennis for Two ● Steve Russell and Spacewar » Created in 1958 for the Brookhaven National » Created in 1961 at MIT for the DEC PDP-1 computer Laboratorys annual visitor day » 2 players, maneuver spaceship while trying to shoot other player with torpedoes » Display was an oscilloscope (side view) » Switches to control game » Game ran on an analog computer » Hugely popular within MIT » Sound effects were a side-effect of the relays » Vector Display that made the game run » Required prohibitively expensive equipment » No one realized its significance – mini-computer ($120K), converted to using a TTL. » Knob for trajectory & button for » Eventually shipped as a diagnostic program with PDP-1s » http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rmvb4Hktv7U » gravity controlled ball. » http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7bzWnaH-0sg (PDP) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s2E9iSQfGdg (2 mins) 9 10 Maria Hybinette, UGA Maria Hybinette, UGA Arcades: Games for the Games for the Masses Masses ● The Advent of Home Video Games: Ralph Baer ● Breaking Into the Amusement Business: and the Magnavox Odyssey Nolan Bushnell and Atari » 1966, initial idea for a game machine that would » Engineering major at the University of Utah work on home TVs (prototyped). Light Gun. » Background in coin-operated amusement » Created a shooting game (Chase) incorporating the devices Light Gun, ice hockey game, and others. » Tried to bring Spacewar to arcades as » 1969 Ping Pong Computer War http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1LsRGUODHlQ » Sold to Magnavox in 1972 » http://www.ralphbaer.com/how_video_games.htm » More: http://web.mit.edu/invent/iow/baer.html Maria Hybinette, UGA 11 Maria Hybinette, UGA 12 Games for the Masses The Console Kings ● Bringing Games to the ● Recall - Magnavox Odyssey (Ralph Masses Baer) » World's first commercial home video » Atari founded by Nolan game console. (1972: April Demoed, Bushnell in 1972 October Release). » Brought Pong to arcades » Light Gun Add On. » Sued by Baer and » 3 years ahead of Atari’s Home Pong. Magnavox » Paid a one-time license fee of $700,000 Maria Hybinette, UGA 13 Maria Hybinette, UGA 14 The Console Kings The Console Kings n Atari and the 2600 ● Nintendo (card game origin) n Atari VCS released in 1977, and Shigeru Miyamoto 9 Games (renamed to 2600) » Released Donkey Kong arcade n Not quite the first cartridge-based home system (Magnavox Odyssey) machine in 1981 n 1978 Game Release: Space » Released Nintendo Invaders at Home (First Video Game Entertainment System in 1985 Killer App). » During late 80s Nintendo n Open architecture allowed easy development owned 90% of the market n First to introduce licensing of a » http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ system History_of_Nintendo n http://atariage.com/2600/ » http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Mario_Bros. (Arcade) 16 Maria Hybinette, UGA 15 Maria Hybinette, UGA 16 The Console Kings The Console Kings ● Sega ● Sonys PlayStation » Created in 1952 in Japan to sell amusement games on US army » Created out of an aborted bases (Service Games) attempt to launch a CD-ROM » 1983 SubRoc 3D, first 3D game based system with Nintendo (Arcade). » Released PlayStation in 1994 » Alex Kidd (86), Sonic Hedgehog » PlayStation 2 released in 2000, (91) maintaining backwards » Released the popular Sega Genesis compatibility with hugely in 1990 (their third generation popular PS1 home console) » PS3 and PSP current » Final game console was their 1999s Sega Dreamcast » (ATARI Jaguar (1993) cartridges, stick in CD into cartridge Maria Hybinette, UGA 17 Maria Hybinette, UGA 18 The Console Kings Home Computers n Apple Computer ● Microsoft and the Xbox n Founded by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak and Mike Markkula in 1976 » Xbox released in 2001 n Apple II was released in 1977 n Revolutionized the home computer market » Based on a PC-like architecture n Commodore » Initially significant money lost on n Commodore Vic-20 Released in 1981 each console sold n Low price and shrewd marketing lead to success n Commodore 64, released in 1982, became the best selling computer – Foothold in living rooms in history world wide n IBM » Halo and Halo 2 are its most n IBM PC introduced in 1981 popular games n Moderate pricing helped it gain a foothold in the business world n BIOS licensing model backfired on them, allowing cheap clones to enter the market Maria Hybinette, UGA 19 Maria Hybinette, UGA 20 The Designers The Designers ● Maxis and Will Wright ● MicroProse and Sid Meier » SimCity released in 1989 » Founded by Sid Meier and » Other Sim games Wild Bill Stealey followed (SimAnt, » Concentrated on strategic SimCopter) simulations in early years » Maxis becomes part of » Sid Meiers Pirates! in Electronic Arts 1987 was Sids first signature game » Released The Sims in 2000 http://www.ted.com/talks/lang/en/ » Genre-defining Railroad will_wright_makes_toys_that_make_worlds Tycoon and Civilization » The Sims has sold more .html followed than 6 million copies so far Maria Hybinette, UGA 21 Maria Hybinette, UGA 22 The Designers The Designers ● Sierra and Ken and Roberta Williams ● Origin Systems and » Created first graphical Richard Garriott adventure game, Mystery » Created the Ultima series House in 1980 » In 1997 created Ultima » Great success followed with Online, one of the first Kings Quest series, Police Massively Multi-Player Quest series, and Leisure Online Role-Playing Suit Larry series Games » Published Half-Life » Studios disbanded in 2000 by EA 24 Maria Hybinette, UGA 23 Maria Hybinette, UGA 24 The Phenomenons The Phenomenons ● Space Invaders ● The Tangled History of Tetris » Introduced to the US in 1978 » Created by Russian programmer Alexy Pajitnov » First big Japanese success in 1985 » Introduced the High Score list » Became a pop culture sensation to video games » Helped drive the success of Nintendos Game Boy ● Pac-Man ● Capcom and Resident Evil » American