The Northernmost Ruins of the Globe Published in cooperation with SILA, the Greenland Research Center at the National Museum of Denmark, with support from the Peary Land Foundation. The Northernmost Ruins of the Globe Eigil Knuth’s Archaeological Investigations in Peary Land and Adjacent Areas of High Arctic Greenland Bjarne Grønnow and Jens Fog Jensen – with contributions on faunal analyses by Christyann M. Darwent Meddelelser om Grønland · Man & Society 29 As of 2008 Museum Tusculanum Press has taken over the series Monographs on Greenland | Meddelelser om Grønland. Manuscripts should be sent to: Museum Tusculanum Press University of Copenhagen 126 Njalsgade, DK-2300 Copenhagen S DENMARK [email protected] | www.mtp.dk Tel. +45 353 29109 | Fax +45 353 29113 VAT no.: 8876 8418 Guidelines for authors can be found at www.mtp.dk/MoG Orders Books can be purchased online at www.mtp.dk, via [email protected], through any of MTP’s distributors in the US, UK, and France or via online retailers and major booksellers. Bank details: Amagerbanken, DK-2300 Copenhagen S BIC: AMBK DK KK :: IBAN: DK10 5202 0001 5151 08 More information at www.mtp.dk/MoG About the series Monographs on Greenland | Meddelelser om Grønland (ISSN 0025 6676) has published scientific results from all fields of research on Greenland since 1878. The series numbers 345 volumes comprising 1253 titles. Publisher since 2008 is Museum Tusculanum Press, University of Copenhagen. In 1979 Monographs on Greenland | Meddelelser om Grønland was developed into a tripartite series consisting of Bioscience (ISSN 0106-1054) Man & Society (ISSN 0106-1062) Geoscience (ISSN 0106-1046) Hence Monographs on Greenland | Meddelelser om Grønland was renumbered in 1979 ending with volume no. 206 and continued with volume no. 1 for each subseries. As of 2008 the original Monographs on Greenland | Meddelelser om Grønland numbering will be continued in addition to the subseries numbering. Further information about the series, including addresses of the scientific editors of the subseries can be found at www.mtp.dk/MoG Bjarne Grønnow & Jens Fog Jensen The northernmost ruins of the globe. Eigil Knuth's Archaeological Investigations in Peary Land and Adjacent Areas of High Arctic Greenland ISBN 978 87 635 1262 6 eISBN 978 87 635 3065 1 © Museum Tusculanum Press, 2009 Series: Monographs on Greenland | Meddelelser om Grønland, vol. 329 ISSN 0025-6676 Series: Man & Society, vol. 29 ISSN 0106-1062 Unchanged version in PDF format of the printed version: Bjarne Grønnow and Jens Fog Jensen: The Northernmost Ruins of the Globe. Eigil Knuth’s Archaeological Investigations in Peary Land and Adjacent Areas of High Arctic Greenland. Meddelelser om Grønland, Man & Society vol. 29. Copenhagen, Danish Polar Center, 2003. © 2003 by SILA and the Danish Polar Center Publishing editor Kirsten Caning Cover layout Mette and Eric Mourier Printed by Special-Trykkeriet i Viborg a-s Accepted April 2003 ISSN 0106-1062 ISBN 87-90369-65-3 No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form without the written permission of the copyright owners. Maps p. 14, 32, 34, 50, 56, 120, 190, 209, 219, 238, 266, 278, 334, 335 © Kort & Matrikelstyrelsen (A. 59-03) Museum Tusculanum Press :: [email protected] :: www.mtp.dk Chapter 1 Contents Abstract 9 Chapter 4 Wandel Dal – a High Arctic Oasis 56 Preface 11 by Jens Fog Jensen by Bjarne Grønnow 4.1 Introduction to the Interior of Peary Land 56 4.2 Aftenstjerne Sø and Midsommersøerne 57 Chapter 1 4.3 Stjerneborg 58 Introduction 13 4.4 Pollux Næs 61 by Bjarne Grønnow 4.5 Uranienborg 62 1.1 Aims of the Publication of the Knuth Archive 13 4.6 Keele Site 66 1.2 From the Western Settlement to Peary Land – 4.7 Blanknæs 66 Eigil Knuth’s Archaeology 13 4.8 Engnæs 69 1.3 The Database – Knuthbasen 31 4.9 Skeletnæs 74 4.10 Sortenæsbugten 74 Chapter 2 4.11 Walcott Delta 74 Hall Land – the Doorstep to Greenland 34 4.12 Kronjydenæs 75 by Jens Fog Jensen 4.13 Tokanten 76 2.1 Introduction 34 4.14 Depotstranden 79 2.2 Kap Buddington 35 4.15 Bob’s Site 79 2.3 Solbakken 36 4.16 Cañon Site 81 2.4 Kystvolden 1 45 4.17 Slusen 82 2.5 Kystvolden 2 46 4.18 Mellembygden 82 2.6 Kærnæs 47 4.19 Skurenæs 84 2.7 Røde Enkesæde 47 4.20 Pearylandville 85 2.8 Gråsten Delta 47 4.21 Stoppenålen 108 2.9 Bellevue 48 4.22 Martin’s Site 108 2.10 Summary and Discussion of Hall Land 48 4.23 Søndre Sandelvsterrasse 110 4.24 Plateau Ø 110 Chapter 3 4.25 Teltnæs 111 Barren Shores along the Polar Sea – 4.26 Sølejren 112 from Nyboe Land to Peary Land 50 4.27 Høje Mole 114 by Jens Fog Jensen 4.28 Bådhøjen 114 3.1 Introduction 50 4.29 Trillingerne 114 3.2 Memnon I Site 51 4.30 Midsommerelvens Sydside 114 3.3 Memnon II Site 53 4.31 Mosebakken 115 3.4 Summary of Memnon Sites 53 4.32 Moskusoksestien 115 3.5 Eagle Site 54 4.33 Flodgården 115 3.6 Strømstedet 54 4.34 Portfjeldet 115 3.7 Summary and Discussion of the Area from Hall Land 4.35 Hyldedepotet 118 to Peary Land 55 4.36 Summary and Discussion of Wandel Dal 119 Bjarne Grønnow & Jens Fog Jensen: The northernmost ruins of the globe. Eigil Knuth's Archaeological Investigations in Peary Land and Adjacent Areas of High Arctic Greenland ISBN 978 87 635 1262 6 :: eISBN 978 87 635 3065 1 :: © Museum Tusculanum Press, 2009 5 Series: Monographs on Greenland | Meddelelser om Grønland, vol. 329 :: ISSN 0025-6676 Series: Man & Society, vol. 29 :: ISSN 0106-1062 :: http://www.mtp.hum.ku.dk/details.asp?eln=202777 CONTENTS Museum Tusculanum Press :: [email protected] :: www.mtp.dk Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Jørgen Brønlund Fjord 120 The Frozen Fjord – Independence Fjord 190 by Jens Fog Jensen by Jens Fog Jensen 5.1 Introduction 120 6.1 Introduction 190 5.2 Mutip Ina 121 6.2 Krognæs 191 5.3 Hellebæk 121 6.3 Neergaard Elv 194 5.4 Sorte Telte 123 6.4 Kap Peter Henrik 196 5.5 Kuppelhøj 123 6.5 Kap Ludovika 200 5.6 Deltaterrasserne 124 6.6 Gaffelelv 206 5.7 Glaciolog Elv 137 6.7 Kap Rigsdagen 206 5.8 Fladenæs 137 6.8 Summary and Discussion of Independence Fjord 207 5.9 Zoolog Elv 137 5.10 Kajak Elv 137 Chapter 7 5.11 Brinken 137 Coastal Plains Towards the Polar Sea – 5.12 Flaghøj 137 the Eastern Shore of Peary Land 209 5.13 Vesterbro 137 by Jens Fog Jensen 5.14 Harehøj 138 7.1 Introduction 209 5.15 Vardehøj 138 7.2 Pearys Vardenæs 210 5.16 Pyritnæs 139 7.3 Kap Erik Bunch 210 5.17 Vandfaldsnæs 141 7.4 Kølnæs 210 5.18 Midternæs 148 7.5 Donnerprop 216 5.19 Springforbi 151 7.6 Kap Eiler Rasmussen 216 5.20 Vendenæs 151 7.7 Sommernæs 217 5.21 Kap Mylius-Erichsen 153 7.8 Summary and Discussion of the Eastern Shore 5.22 Kap Knud Rasmussen 159 of Peary Land 218 5.23 Sandskrænten 160 5.24 Genbonæs 162 Chapter 8 5.25 Ørredsø 162 The Northernmost Ruins of the Globe – 5.26 Oksejægerpynten 162 Johannes V. Jensen Land 219 5.27 Grydetærsklen 169 by Jens Fog Jensen 5.28 Kullen 170 8.1 Introduction 219 5.29 Rottbøll Sund Site 170 8.2 Kap Washington 221 5.30 Søtangen 170 8.3 Sands Fjord 221 5.31 Killebukhus 171 8.4 Qissivik 222 5.32 Lagunehøjen 171 8.5 Hvalterrasserne 223 5.33 Blæshøj 172 8.6 Adam C. Knuth Site 226 5.34 Kap Harald Moltke 173 8.7 Rypely 236 5.35 Galleriet 175 8.8 Freja Fjord 236 5.36 Søhuset 176 8.9 Kap Ole Chiewitz 236 5.37 Gammel Strand Vest 177 8.10 Depotbugt 237 5.38 Gammel Strand Nord 179 8.11 Summary and Discussion of Johannes V. Jensen 5.39 Gammel Strand Øst 184 Land 237 5.40 Gammel Strand Syd 185 5.41 Kølterrasserne 186 5.42 Summary and Discussion of Jørgen Brønlund Fjord 189 Bjarne Grønnow & Jens Fog Jensen: The northernmost ruins of the globe. Eigil Knuth's Archaeological Investigations in Peary Land and Adjacent Areas of High Arctic Greenland 6 ISBN 978 87 635 1262 6 :: eISBN 978 87 635 3065 1 :: © Museum Tusculanum Press, 2009 Series: Monographs on Greenland | Meddelelser om Grønland, vol. 329 :: ISSN 0025-6676 Series: Man & Society, vol. 29 :: ISSN 0106-1062 :: http://www.mtp.hum.ku.dk/details.asp?eln=202777 Museum Tusculanum Press :: [email protected] :: www.mtp.dk CONTENTS Chapter 9 10.10 Kap Skt. Jacques 278 Danmark Fjord and Prinsesse Ingeborg Halvø – 10.11 Syttenkilometernæsset 296 a Large Fjord and its Archipelago 238 10.12 Renskæret 298 by Jens Fog Jensen 10.13 Wendel Pynt 299 9.1 Introduction 238 10.14 Stormbugtens Østside 299 9.2 Brønlunds Vardehøj (Mylius-Erichsens 10.15 Stormnæs 299 Sommerlejr) 239 10.16 Snenæs 301 9.3 Zophonias Delta 239 10.17 Rypefjeldet 303 9.4 Juniskæret 240 10.18 Kalven 306 9.5 Christian Hjort Site 240 10.19 Vædderhornet 306 9.6 Arnakke 240 10.20 Vædderen Sydøst-hjørnet 306 9.7 Kap Holbæk 241 10.21 Dott Sund 307 9.8 Den Blå Flints Boplads 254 10.22 Spydøen 307 9.9 Lolland Sø 257 10.23 Port Arthur 308 9.10 Islandssletten 258 10.24 Røde Ø 313 9.11 Ranum Elv 258 10.25 Gefionshavn 314 9.12 Vimmelskaftet 258 10.26 Summary and Discussion of the East Coast from 9.13 Kap Ringkøbing 259 Nordostrundingen to Dove Bugt 323 9.14 Hvalnæs 259 9.15 Prinsesse Ingeborg Halvø A 260 Chapter 11 9.16 Prinsesse Ingeborg Halvø B 260 Discussion and Conclusions 328 9.17 Prinsesse Ingeborg Halvø C 261 by Jens Fog Jensen and Bjarne Grønnow 9.18 Prinsesse Dagmar Ø 262 11.1 Chronology 328 9.19 Prinsesse Thyra Ø 262 11.2 Settlement Patterns 333 9.20 Prinsesse Margrethe Ø 262 11.3 Epilogue 340 9.21 Summary of Danmark Fjord and Prinsesse Ingeborg Halvø 263 Appendix 1 The Zoo-archaeology of Peary Land and Chapter 10 Adjacent Areas 342 Settlements by the North-East Water – the East by Christyann M.