International Journal of Chemical Studies 2019; 7(3): 3994-3997 P-ISSN: 2349–8528 E-ISSN: 2321–4902 IJCS 2019; 7(3): 3994-3997 Effect of phosphorus, sulphur and biofertilizer on © 2019 IJCS Received: 13-03-2019 protein content, P and S content and uptake of Accepted: 15-04-2019 summer green gram (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) Sadhana Chaudhari Department of Agronomy, B.A. College of Agriculture, Anand Sadhana Chaudhari, RA Patel and HK Patel Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India Abstract Field experiment was conducted during the summer season of the year 2017 at College Agronomy Farm, RA Patel Department of Agronomy, B.A. B.A. College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat with three levels of College of Agriculture, Anand phosphorus (0, 20 and 40 kg P2O5 /ha), three levels of sulphur (0, 20 and 40 kg S/ha) and two levels of Agricultural University, Anand, biofertilizer (Without PSB and With PSB) to study the effect of phosphorus, Sulphur and biofertilizer on Gujarat, India protein content, P and S uptake and content of summer green gram. The result revealed that application phosphorus 40 kg P2O5/ha recorded significantly the height seed yield, protein, phosphorus and sulphur HK Patel content and uptake in seed. Application of 40 kg S/ha and bio-fertilizer seed treatment application Department of Agronomy, B.A. recorded significantly the highest seed yield, protein content, phosphorus and sulphur content and uptake College of Agriculture, Anand by seed of green gram. Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India Keywords: Green gram, protein content, phosphorus, sulphur and biofertilizer Introduction Pulses production is very low and become challenging problem against the requirement of increasing population of our country. To recover this deficit of productio it is a high time to cultivate pulses crops scientifically with increasing area (Patel et al., 2013) [7]. Green gram (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) is a one of the protein rich (25%) major pulse crop grown in India. It belongs to the family leguminoseae and origin India and Central Asia. Green gram is an excellent source of high quality protein content (25%) having high digestibility. It also contains 0.5 to 4.33 per cent fats and 23.4 to 66.3 per cent carbohydrates. It is a good source of riboflavin thiamine and vitamin C. When green gram was sprouted, seed synthesized remarkable quantity of ascorbic acid (Vitamin C). Fertilizer is an important factor, which increase agriculture production. It is universally accepted that chemical fertilizer are an integral part of the package of practice for raising agricultural production to higher technological plan. Adequate crop nutrition using fertilizer is a prover route for increasing crop productivity. Phosphorus shortage restricts the plant growth and remains immature. Common diagnostic properties of phosphorus deficiency are a darker green leaf colour due to higher chlorophyll contents (often with red pigments from anthocyanins), reduced leaf extension and a higher root to shoot ratio, since root growth is much less affected by phosphorus deficiency than shoot growth (Wild 1988; Marchner, 1995) [14, 6]. Sulphur deficiencies have been reported from over 70 per cent countries worldwide including India. Deficiency of sulphur in Indian soil is increases due to intensification of agriculture with high yielding varieties and multiple cropping coupled with the use of high analysis sulphur free fertilizers. Phosphate solubilizing bacteria were first used in USSR using Bacillus Bacterium. var. Phosphaticum as phosphate solubilizing bacteria and the product was named as “Phosphobacterin”. In India “Phospho-bacterin” from USSR was tried for field inoculation in [16] 1960-61 by Sundara Rao and Co-workers (Yadav and Dadarwal, 1997) . Many fungi, Correspondence bacteria and actinomycetes are potential solubilizers of bound phosphates in the soil. Sadhana Chaudhari In commercial agriculture, the use of chemical fertilizers cannot be ruled out completely. Department of Agronomy, B.A. However, these is a need for integrated application of alternate source of nutrients for College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, sustaining the desired crop productivity. In integrated system, biofertilizers is one of the Gujarat, India important components. Further, biofertilizers are low cost and eco-friendly input have ~ 3994 ~ International Journal of Chemical Studies tremendous potential of supplying nutrients which can reduce recorded significantly the highest phosphorus content (0.52%) the chemical fertilizer dose by 25- 50%. uptake (4.39 kg/ha) and sulphur content (0.120%) and uptake The main objective of research work to find out effect of (1.63 kg/ha) as compared to rest of phosphorus levels. phosphorus, Sulphur and biofertilizer application of quality Increasing higher phosphorus content and uptake might be parameter, nutrient content and uptake of seed. Integrated due to the availability of phosphorus and their complementary nutrient management system help to reduced chemical load effect on growth and development. The uptake is directly and improved nutrient status as well as soil health. related to content and biomass, increased biomass recorded higher uptake too. Such significant improvement in the uptake Materials and Methods of nutrients could be attribute better vegetative growth of the An experiment was conducted at the College Agronomy plants and proliferous root system which lead to higher Farm, Anand Agricultural University, Anand during summer absorption of water and nutrient. The application of season of the year 2017 to study" effect of phosphorus, phosphorus might have improved the nutritional environment sulphur and biofertilizer on protein, P and S content and in rhizosphere. In the present investigation, phosphorus uptake of summer green gram (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek)”. application significantly increased S content and uptake by The soil of experimental plot was loamy sand in texture seed. Such an increase in S content in seed might be due to having good drainage, low in available nitrogen, medium in synergistic effects of both phosphorus and sulphur available phosphorus and rich in potash with neutral in application. reaction. Eighteen treatment combinations comprising of three levels of phosphorus (0, 20 and 40 kg P2O5/ha), three Effect of sulphur levels of sulphur (0, 20 and 40 kg S/ha) and two levels of Data furnished in the Table-1 revealed that differences in seed biofertilizer (without and with PSB) were tried in randomized yield due to application of sulphur was significant. The -1 block design with factorial concept and replicated three times. treatment S2 (40 kg s ha ) found significantly superior (1272 One common basal dose of 20 kg N/ha was applied as a basal kg ha-1) over the rest of the treatments. Significantly the -1 -1 dose on ploughed furrows before sowing as a some part lowest seed yield (978 kg ha ) recorded under s0 (0 kg s ha ) through DAP and remaining through urea was given to all treatment. Result in respect to seed yield indicated plots for initial establishment of the crop. Remaining conspicuous differences by various sulphur levels might be phosphorus and Sulphur application according to set of due to that, crop yield is the complex function of treatment. physiological process and biochemical activities, which modify anatomy and morphology of the growing plants. Results and Discussions Judicious quantity of available nutrients is a basic requirement Effect of phosphorus throughout the crop growth period for smooth running of all A close examination of data (Table 1) indicated that physiological processes. Increase in the yield due to sulphur phosphorus application manifest significant influence on seed application might be due to increase in plant height, number yield. Significant linear increase in seed yield was noted with of branches plant-1, number of pods plant-1 and number of increasing the level of phosphorus. Significantly the highest nodules plant-1 were important growth and yield attributes seed yield (1293 kg/ha) was recorded under the treatmentP2 having significant positive correlation with the seed yield. (40 kg P2O5/ha) which was followed by P1 (20 kg P2O5/ha) With increasing supply of sulphur the process of tissue treatment (1166 kg/ha). P0 (0 kg P2O5/ha) treatment differentiation from somatic to reproductive, meristemic contributed to significantly the lowest seed yield ((960 kg/ha). activity and development of floral primordial might have Probable reason for higher seed yield by phosphorus increased, resulting in more flower and ultimately higher seed application might be due to increase inphotosynthic activity of yield. The present findings are in close accordance with those plant and root system and thus enables plants to extract more reported by sipai et al. (2016) [10] and saini (2017) [9]. water and nutrients from the soil depth, resulting into better Perusal of data presented in Table 1 indicated that the development of plant growth, yield attributes and ultimately application of Sulphur @ 40 kg S/ha recoded higher protein the higher seed yield. These findings are in conformity with content, phosphorus and Sulphur content and uptake. those reported by Gajera et al. (2014) [4], Kumavat et al. Significantly the highest protein content (24.85%) was [5] [10] [15] (2014) , Sipai et al, (2016) and Yadav et al. (2017) in recorded under the treatment S2 (40 kg s/ha) over rest of green gram crop. sulphur treatments. Protein content in seed was increased due Data presented in Table 1 reveled that application of 40 kg to which might be due to the increased availability of sulphur P2O5/ha (P2) exhibited statistically superiority in protein and thus nitrogen availability was increased. Sulphur also content in seed (24.46%) over the rest of the phosphorus synthesized some sulphur containing amino acids like cystine, levels P1 (22.87%) and P0 (21.30%). Increase in protein cysteine and methionine thus, resulting in increased the content in seed might be due to phosphorus promotes root synthesis of protein. Similar results are obtained by Kumavat growth and thus, increase the uptake of nitrogen, which et al.