Notes Introduction 1. NA, HO45/12296, Ramsay MacDonald, speech in the House of Commons, 4 June 1924, and Hansard, Fifth Series, Commons, vol. 174, cols. 1257–8, 4 June 1924. 2. D. G. Boyce, The Irish Question and British Politics 1868–1996, 2nd edn (London, 1996), pp. 75–6. 3. K. O. Morgan, The Age of Lloyd George (London, 1971), p. 85. 4. Ibid., p. 88. 5. Ibid., p. 208. 6. G. Blaxland, J. H. Thomas: A Life for Unity (London, 1964), p. 45. 7. G. Brown, Maxton (Edinburgh, 1986), p. 122. 8. The Times, 28 June 1923. 9. W. Knox, James Maxton (Manchester, 1987), p. 46. 10. Labour Leader, 26 February 1920. 1 The Evolution of the British Labour Party and Irish Nationalism, 1914–1921 1. R. W. Lyman, The First Labour Government, 1924 (London, 1957), p. 1. 2. Ibid., p. 2. 3. Socialist Review, August 1912. 4. R Miliband, Parliamentary Socialism: A Study in the Politics of Labour (London, 1961), p. 47. 5. NA, PRO/30/69/2, ‘Labour Party 1918 General Election Manifesto’ in Ramsay MacDonald Papers, undated. 6. Miliband, Parliamentary Socialism, p. 51. 7. P. Pearse, Political Writings and Speeches (Dublin, n.d.), pp. 98, 185. 8. D. G. Boyce, Ireland 1828–1923: From Ascendancy to Democracy (Oxford, 1992), p. 90. 9. Ibid., p. 91. 10. Ibid., p. 92. 11. Hansard, Fifth Series, Commons, vol. 60, col. 938, 9 March 1914. 12. Quoted in R. Munck, ‘At the Very Doorstep: Irish Labour and the National Question’, Eire-Ireland, vol. 18, no. 2 (1983), p. 37. 13. Ibid., p. 38. 14. Ibid., p. 39. 15. K. Harding, ‘The Irish Issue in the British Labour Movement 1900–1922’ (unpublished DPhil thesis, University of Sussex, 1983), p. 47. 16. Quoted in G. Bell, Troublesome Business: The Labour Party and the Irish Question (London, 1982), p. 9. 225 226 Notes 2 Labour Policy on Ireland, 1918–1921 1. PHM, Labour Party, NEC Minutes, 29 April 1918, p. 154. 2. PHM, Labour Party, Conference Report, 1918, p. 69. 3. Ibid. 4. PHM, Labour Party, NEC Minutes, 24 July 1918, p. 279. 5. Ibid., p. 264. 6. PHM, Labour Party, Conference Report, 1919, Appendix iv, p. 183. 7. Ibid., p. 185. 8. K. Harding, ‘The Irish Issue in the British Labour Movement 1900–1922’ (unpublished DPhil thesis, University of Sussex, 1983), p. 265. 9. Hansard, Fifth Series, Commons, vol. 118, col. 527, 16 July 1919. 10. Quoted in C. Ware, ‘The Impact of the Irish Question on the British Labour Movement 1916–1921’ (unpublished MA dissertation, University of Warwick, 1976), p. 56. 11. Quoted in J. Dunsmore Clarkson, Labour and Nationalism in Ireland (New York, 1925), p. 335. 12. Labour Leader, 15 April 1920. 13. Clarkson, Labour and Nationalism in Ireland, p. 432. 14. Quoted in Ware, ‘The Impact of the Irish Question’, p. 70. 15. Ibid. 16. A. Mitchell, Revolutionary Government in Ireland: Dail Eireann 1919–1922 (Dublin, 1995), p. 252. 17. Hansard, Fifth Series, Commons, vol. 156, col. 359, 5 July 1922. 18. J. Winder Good, ‘British Labour and Irish Needs’, Studies: An Irish Quarterly Review, vol. ix (December 1920), p. 558. 19. Harding, ‘The Irish Issue’, p. 216. 20. Ibid., p. 224. 21. Hansard, Fifth Series, Commons, vol. 115, col. 1710, 14 May 1919. 22. Ibid., col. 1719. 23. Quoted in F. W. S. Craig, British General Election Manifestos 1918 (Chichester, 1970), p. 5. 24. PHM, Labour Party, Conference Report, 1918, pp. 69–70. 25. Quoted in PHM, Labour Party, Conference Report, 1919, Appendix ix, p. 208. 26. Quoted in ibid., p. 295. 27. PHM, Labour Party, PLP Minutes, 18 December 1919, p. 124. 28. Labour Party, Report of the Labour Commission of Inquiry into the Present Conditions in Ireland (London: The Labour Party, 1920), p. 10. 29. Ibid., p. 11. 30. Daily Herald, 26 February 1920. 31. Forward, 7 February 1920. 32. Labour Leader, 1 January 1920. 33. Ibid. 34. Ibid., 26 February 1920. 35. Labour Leader, 1 April 1920, in TNA, PRO 30/69/1044, Ramsay MacDonald Papers. 36. Ibid. 37. Ibid. Notes 227 38. Forward, 3 April 1920. 39. Ibid. 40. Ibid., 17 April 1920. 41. Labour Leader, 8 April 1920. 42. Ibid. 43. Ibid., 15 April 1920. 44. Ibid., 22 April 1920. 45. Forward, 24 April 1920. 46. Ibid. 47. Ibid., 12 June 1920. 48. PHM, Labour Party, Conference Report, 1920, p. 113. 49. Ibid., p. 119. 50. Ibid. 51. Ibid. 52. Ibid. 53. Ibid., p. 161. 54. Ibid., p. 162. 55. Ibid., p. 164. 56. Ibid., p. 165. 57. Ibid., p. 166. 58. Ibid. 59. The Times, 23 June 1920. 60. PHM, Labour Party, Conference Report, 1920, p. 166. 61. Ibid., p. 167. 62. Ibid. 63. Ibid., p. 168. 64. Labour Leader, 1 July 1920. 65. Ibid. 66. Forward, 9 July 1920. 67. Labour Party, Report of the Labour Commission of Inquiry into the Present Conditions in Ireland (1920), p. 12. 68. G. B. Shaw, Irish Nationalism and Labour Internationalism (London, 1920), pp. 5–12. 69. Ibid., p. 12. 70. Ware, ‘The Impact of the Irish Question’, p. 63. 71. PHM, Labour Party, Conference Report, 1920, p. 167. 72. Ibid. 73. C. Townshend, ‘The Irish Railway Strike of 1920: Industrial Action and Civil Resistance in the Struggle for Independence’, Irish Historical Studies, vol. 21, no. 83 (March 1979). 74. Forward, 12 June 1920. 75. Ibid. 76. Clarkson, Labour and Nationalism in Ireland, p. 423. 77. Mitchell, Revolutionary Government in Ireland, p. 290. 78. D. G. Boyce, Englishmen and Irish Troubles: British Public Opinion and the Making of Irish Policy 1918–22 (London, 1972), p. 106. 79. Labour Leader, 10 June 1920. 80. Quoted in G. Bell, Troublesome Business: The Labour Party and the Irish Question (London, 1982), p. 58. 228 Notes 81. Ibid., p. 58. 82. Ware, ‘The Impact of the Irish Question’, p. 41. 83. Bell, Troublesome Business, pp. 60–1. 84. Daily Herald, 23 July 1920. 85. Labour Leader, 29 July 1920. 86. Ibid. 87. Ibid. 88. Forward, 17 July 1920. 89. Ibid., 28 August 1920. 90. Ibid., 19 September 1920. 91. Ibid. 92. Labour Leader, 12 August 1920. 93. The Times, 6 August 1920. 94. Labour Leader, 19 August 1920. 95. Forward, 2 October 1920. 96. Labour Leader, 26 August 1920. 97. Ibid. 98. Forward, 13 November 1920. 99. Ibid., 27 November 1920. 100. Ibid., 4 December 1920. 101. Labour Leader, 29 July 1920. 102. Ibid., 23 September 1920. 103. Quoted in S. Lawlor, Britain and Ireland 1914–23 (Dublin, 1983), p. 70. 104. Labour Leader, 14 October 1920. 105. Ibid. 106. The Times, 7 October 1920. 107. Labour Leader, 21 October 1920. 108. PHM, Labour Party, NEC Minutes, 18 October 1920, p. 259. 109. Ibid. 110. Labour Leader, 28 October 1920. 111. Ibid., 4 November 1920. 112. Ibid. 113. PHM, Labour Party, PLP Minutes, 9 November 1920, p. 2. 114. PHM, Labour Party, NEC Sub-Committee on Literature, Publicity and Research Minutes, 10 November 1920, p. 296. 115. Labour Leader, 25 November 1920. 116. Ibid., 2 December 1920. 117. Ibid., 16 December 1920. 118. Ibid., 23 December 1920. 119. Ibid., 30 December 1920. 120. Ibid. 121. Harding, ‘The Irish Issue’, p. 285. 122. Labour Party, Report of the Labour Commission to Ireland (London: The Labour Party, 1921), p. 47. 123. PHM, Labour Party, NEC Minutes, 28 December 1920, p. 67. 124. The Times, 29 December 1920. 125. Labour Leader, 6 January 1921. 126. Ibid., 17 February 1921. 127. Ibid., 20 January 1921. Notes 229 128. Daily Herald, 17 January 1921. 129. Ibid., 19 January 1921. 130. Ibid. 131. Ibid., 21 January 1921. 132. Ibid., 2 February 1921. 133. Ibid., 7 February 1921. 134. Ibid. 135. Ibid., 10 February 1921. 136. Ibid., 7 February 1921. 137. Ibid., 22 February 1921. 138. Ibid., 14 February 1921. 139. Ibid., 22 February 1921. 140. Ibid., 12 March 1921. 141. Ibid., 22 February 1921. 142. Ibid., 15 March 1921. 143. Ibid., 22 March 1921. 144. Ibid., 29 April 1921. 145. PHM, Labour Party, Conference Report, 1921, p. 24. 146. Ibid., p. 24. 147. Labour Leader, 27 January 1921. 148. Ibid., 10 February 1921. 149. Ibid., 24 February 1921. 150. The Times, 24 February 1921, Nottingham. 151. D. Macardle, The Irish Republic, 4th (Corgi) edn (London, 1968), p. 385. 152. PHM, Labour Party, Conference Report, 1921, p. 25. 153. Winder Good, ‘British Labour and Irish Needs’, pp. 552–60. 154. Ibid. 155. H. Somerville, ‘The Political Impotence of British Labour’, Studies: An Irish Quarterly Review, vol. 10 (March 1921), p. 17. 156. Daily Herald, 18 June 1921. 157. Ibid., 17 June 1921. 158. PHM, Labour Party, Conference Report, 1921, p. 17. 159. Daily Herald, 22 June 1921. 160. Ibid., 24 June 1921. 161. Sussex Daily News, 24 June 1921. 162. PHM, Labour Party, Conference Report, 1921, p. 17. 163. Daily Herald, 23 June 1921. 164. Ibid., 24 June 1921. 3 Partition Established: The Labour Party and the Government of Ireland Act 1920 1. PHM, Labour Party, Conference Reports, 1918, p. 69, and 1919, Appendix iv, p. 183. 2. R. F. Foster, Modern Ireland 1600–1972 (London, 1988), p. 503. 3. J. Kendle, Walter Long, Ireland and the Union 1905–1920 (Dublin, 1992), p. 132. 4. TNA, CAB 24/89 GT8240, Draft of a Bill for the Government of Ireland, Prepared by Mr Walter Long’s Committee, August 1918. 230 Notes 5. Kendle, Walter Long, p. 155. 6. The Times, 18 March 1918. 7. Hansard, Fifth Series, Commons, vol. 114, col. 1507, 3 April 1919. 8. Ibid., col. 1709, 14 May 1919. 9. Ibid. 10. Kendle, Walter Long, p. 201. 11. Quoted in R. Murphy, ‘Walter Long and the Making of the Government of Ireland Act 1919–1920’, Irish Historical Studies, vol.