MDS1TRW The Roman World: Myth and Empire The Republic: History and Literature Rhiannon Evans Rome: the Republic • The Roman Republic: 510/9 - 27 BCE • Mid-Republic 4th-2nd c. BCE Jupiter in quadriga le/, driven by Victory 225-212 BC hJp://www.humaniLes.mq.edu.au/acans/caesar/Intro_Moneyer.htm The Growth of the Roman Empire • RED 146BCE GREEN 14CE • YELLOW 46BCE PINK 117CE Italy during the Republic • Rome becomes dominant in 4th-3rd c. BCE • Lan • except Hellenised south • socii = allies • foedus = alliance • formula togarum • Laum: ius Lai • vs. rest of Italy • Social War 91-87 BCE hJp://www.usu.edu/markdamen/ClasDram/images/12/05map01italy500bce.jpg hJp://www.big-italy-map.co.uk Carthage • Economic control of the Mediterranean • Carthage/Sicily/ Italy Three Punic Wars: 264-241, 218-201, 149-146 BCE hJp://www.uncp.edu/home/rwb/lecture_med_civ.htm The Second Punic War • 218-201 BCE • Hannibal hJp://www.phoenician.org/carthage_hannibal_barca.htm The Second Punic War • 218-201 BCE • Hannibal • 216 BCE Bale of Cannae - Romans lose 50,000 troops http://factsanddetails.com/world.php?itemid=2094 " The Punic Wars Rome vs. Carthage: • Second Punic War • Scipio africanus • Bale of Zama 202 BCE Profile of a young Scipio africanus the Elder from a gold signet ring from Capua (late 3rd or early 2nd century B.C.E.). http://0.tqn.com/d/ancienthistory/1/G/B/h/2/Scipio.jpg • Third Punic War: 149-46 BCE • 146 BCE Carthage razed to ground, salt ploughed into soil Rome’s Wars: 3rd-2nd century BCE Carthage: • 3 Punic Wars • 146 BCE Carthage razed to ground, salt ploughed into soil • New provinces: North africa and Spain Greece • 146 BCE Corinth razed to the ground • Greek provinces - Macedonia and achaea Romans and Greeks • Greeks in Southern Italy • 3rd & 2nd c. BCE - literature, philosophy, science, art and architecture • 167 BCE - aristotle’s library & 150,000 Greek slaves from Macedonia ! ! Romans and Greeks • Greeks in Southern Italy • 3rd & 2nd c. BCE - literature, philosophy, science, art and architecture • 167 BCE - aristotle’s library & 150,000 Greek slaves from Macedonia ‘Captured Greece captured its savage conqueror and brought the arts into rusLc Laum’ Horace Epistles 2.1.156 The Mid-Republic: summary • Time of wealth and prosperity for Rome – control Italy, Sicily, Sardinia, Corsica, Spain, and Illyricum by the mid-2nd century BCE • Greek culture and luxury goods influence and fascinate the Romans Early Roman Literature 250 -150 BCE • Epic & drama • Epic poets Livius andronicus (Greek, became a Roman) Naevius (Roman) Ennius (S. Italian) • Literary colonizaon: Livius’ translaon of Odyssey (c. 250) • 220s Naevius’ epic Punica = Naonal epic • Ennius Annales - Naonal epic - history of Rome to mid 3rd century BCE Roman Drama • 240 Livius andronicus produced 1st play at Roman Games (ludi Romani) • 235 Naevius • c. 230 Ennius. • Plautus first dramast (not epic poet) – lived c.250 - c. 184, acLve 215 on. The Greek origins of Roman comedy • 3rd c. BCE: Livius Andronicus • athenian New Comedy • vs. 5th c. Old Comedy – Aristophanes • Old Comedy & democracy Vase showing scene from aristophanes’ Birds GeJy Museum, Malibu hJp://www.perseus.tuls.edu/hopper/arLfact?name=Malibu%2082.aE.83&object=Vase The Greek origins of Roman comedy • athenian New Comedy • New Comedy – HellenisLc period = domesLc & romanLc situaons • Menander (c. 342–291 BCE) • Menander’s Dyskolos Bust of ‘Menander’, Capitoline Museum, Rome hJp://sanLtafarella.wordpress.com/2009/01/24/2nd-century-roman-marble-bust-of-menander-the-greek-playwright-circa-3rd-century-bce/ ROMAN COMEDY fabulae palliatae – stories in Greek dress • Plautus (c. 254 to 184 BCE) – 20 comedies including Pseudolus • Terence (195-160 BCE) - 6 comedies Roman Theater - Context When were plays performed • One off occasions: funerals, triumphs, dedicaons • Roman ludi scaenici (‘stage games’) • - Ludi Megalenses: Great Mother (Magna Mater) in April • - Ludi Florales: Flora - april/ May. • - Ludi apollinares – apollo - July • - Ludi Romani - Jupiter - Sept. • - Ludi Plebeii – Jupiter - Nov. Roman Theater – Context Who pays? • financed by magistrates • Aediles (or Urban Praetor) Mosaic from House of the Tragic Poet, Pompeii (Museo archaeologico Nazionale, Naples hJp://www.ancientworlds.net/aw/Post/311291 Roman Comedy: actors • male actors • wore masks & pallium • also singers: can;ca • infamia: actors are infames (like other performers - gladiators, prosLtutes) Next lecture: MDS1TRW: The Roman World Lecture 5: Roman Comedy: Plautus Pseudolus .