FINAL Archaeological Inventory Survey Report for the Nwiliwili-Ahukini Bike Path Project Nwiliwili, Kalapak, and Hanam‘ulu Ahupua‘a Lhu‘e District, Kaua‘i Island TMK: [4] 3-5-01:4, 8, 27, 60, 83, 85, 102, 118, 128, 159, and 160 por.and various rights-of-way between various plats Prepared for R.M. Towill Corporation Prepared by Kendy Altizer, B.A. and Hallett H. Hammatt, Ph.D. Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i, Inc. Kailua, Hawai‘i (Job Code: NAWILIWILI 4) April 2010 O‘ahu Office Maui Office P.O. Box 1114 16 S. Market Street, Suite 2N Kailua, Hawai‘i 96734 Wailuku, Hawai‘i 96793 www.culturalsurveys.com Ph.: (808) 262-9972 Ph: (808) 242-9882 Fax: (808) 262-4950 Fax: (808) 244-1994 Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: NAWILIWILI 4 Management Summary Reference Archaeological Inventory Survey Report for the Nwiliwili-Ahukini Bike Path Project, Nwiliwili, Kalapak and Hanam‘ulu Ahupua‘a, Lhu‘e District, Kaua‘i Island, TMK: [4] 3-5-01:4, 8, 27, 60, 83, 85, 102, 118, 128, 159, and 160 por. and various rights-of-way between various plats (Altizer and Hammatt 2010). Date April 2010 Project Number Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i (CSH) Job Code: NAWILIWILI 4 Investigation This archaeological inventory survey was conducted under Permit Number archaeological permit numbers 09-20 and 10-10 issued by the Hawai‘i State Historic Preservation Division (SHPD), Department of Land and Natural Resources (DLNR), per Hawai‘i Administrative Rules (HAR) Chapter 13-282. Project Location The project area addressed in this archaeological inventory survey report is located in coastal and near coastal portions of three ahupua‘a in Lhu‘e District, Island of Kaua‘i: Hanam‘ulu, Kalapak and Nwiliwili. The proposed bike and pedestrian path route alignments are located near, and adjacent to, Ahukini Landing, Nwiliwili Harbor Light, Lhu‘e Airport, Kaua‘i Lagoons and Marriottt Resort, Nwiliwili Park and Harbor, and Niumalu Park. This area is depicted on portions of the 1996 Lhu‘e and 1996 Kapa‘a U.S. Geological Survey 7.5- minute topographic quandrangle maps. Land Jurisdiction Public and private land Agencies SHPD/DLNR Project Description The current project is one phase of a larger project to connect Nwiliwili with Anahola by a bike and pedestrian path. This portion of the current project area will link Nwiliwili, Ahukini Landing, Nwiliwili Harbor Light, Lhu‘e Airport, Kaua‘i Lagoons and Marriottt Resort, Nwiliwili Park and Harbor, and Niumalu Park. Size of the Project Approximately 6 linear miles (10 km) of bike and pedestrian path Area routes are included in the alignment options for the current phase of this project; design and widths of the various alignment options vary. Area of Potential The Area of Potential Effect (APE) for the archaeological inventory Effect (APE) survey consists of two alignment-option corridors linking Ahukini Landing, Nwiliwili Harbor Light, Lhu‘e Airport, Kaua‘i Lagoons and Marriottt Resort. The APE for this inventory survey includes all lands in the vicinity of both alignment options from the western shoulder of the mauka corridor east to the ocean. Archaeological Inventory Survey for the Nwiliwili-Ahukini Bike Path Project ii TMK: [4] 3-5-01:4, 8, 27, 60, 83, 85, 102, 118, 128, 159, and 160 por. Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: NAWILIWILI 4 Historic This document was prepared to support the proposed project’s historic Preservation preservation review under Hawai‘i Revised Statutes (HRS) Chapter Regulatory Context 6E-8 and Hawai‘i Administrative Rules (HAR) Chapter 13-13-275. In consultation with SHPD, this inventory survey investigation was designed to fulfill the state requirements for archaeological inventory surveys (HAR Chapter 13-276). Fieldwork Effort The fieldwork component of this archaeological inventory survey was carried out by CSH archaeologists Gerald K. Ida, B.A., Nancine ‘Missy” Kamai, B.A., Kaipo Akana, and Kendy Altizer, B.A. Fieldwork was conducted intermittently between May 21, 2009 and February 16, 2010, under the general supervision of Hallett H. Hammatt, Ph.D. (principal investigator).The field work required approximately 29 person-days to complete. Number of Historic A total of 15 historic properties were identified as a result of the Properties inventory survey. Sites documented include 2 walls related to Identified plantation era sugar cane cultivation and/or ranching activities (Site 50- 30-11-422 [CSH 1] and Site 50-30-11-423 [CSH 2]); 2 pre-contact habitation terraces (Site 50-30-11-2086 [CSH 3] and Site 50-30-11- 2094 [CSH 12]); Nwiliwili Harbor Light and associated features (Site 50-30-11-2087 [CSH 5]); the remains of a historic communications tower (Site 50-30-11-2088 [CSH 6]; a possible burial mound (Site 50- 30-11-2089 [CSH 7]); a military gun emplacement (Site 50-30-11- 2090 [CSH 8]); 2 sites related to historic residences (Site 50-30-11- 2091 [CSH 9] and Site 50-30-11-2092 [CSH 10]); 1 plantation era earthen drainage ditch (Site 50-30-11-2093 [CSH 11]); 1 pre-contact activity area (Site 50-30-11-2095 [CSH 13]); 2 historic concrete drainage ditches (Site 50-30-11-2096 [CSH 14] and Site 50-30-11- 2097 [CSH 15]); and, remnants of a historic industrial complex (Site 50-30-11-2103 [CSH 16]). Archaeological Inventory Survey for the Nwiliwili-Ahukini Bike Path Project iii TMK: [4] 3-5-01:4, 8, 27, 60, 83, 85, 102, 118, 128, 159, and 160 por. Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: NAWILIWILI 4 Historic Properties A total of 9 sites are recommended eligible for the Hawai‘i Register: Recommended Site 50-30-11-2086 (CSH 3), a habitation terrace, recommended Eligible to the eligible under Criteria D and E. Hawai‘i Register of Historic Places Site 50-30-11-2087 (CSH 5), Nwiliwili Harbor Light and associated (Hawai‘i Register)¹ features, recommended eligible under Criteria C, D, and E. Site 50-30-11-2088 (CSH 6), foundation of a historic communications tower, recommended eligible under Criterion D. Site 50-30-11-2089 (CSH 7), possible historic burial mound, recommended eligible under Criteria D and E. Site 50-30-11-2090 (CSH 8), historic artillery gun emplacement, recommended eligible under Criterion D. Site 50-30-11-2092 (CSH 10), historic outhouse and cesspool, recommended eligible under Criterion D. Site 50-30-11-2094 (CSH 12), a habitation terrace, recommended eligible under Criteria D and E. Site 50-30-11-2095 (CSH 13), pre-contact activity area, recommended eligible under Criteria D and E. Site 50-30-11-2103 (CSH 16), historic industrial complex; recommended eligible under Criterion D. Historic Properties Site 50-30-11-422 (CSH 1), plantation era agricultural field divider Recommended Site 50-30-11-423 (CSH 2), plantation era agricultural field divider Ineligible to the Hawai‘i Register Site 50-30-11-2091 (CSH 9), historic building foundation Site 50-30-11-2093 (CSH 11), plantation era drainage ditch Site 50-30-11-2096 (CSH 14), historic drainage ditch Site 50-30-11-2097 (CSH 15), historic drainage ditch Effect The archaeological inventory survey investigation identified 15 Recommendation historic properties within the project area. Of these historic properties, nine are recommended eligible for the Hawai‘i State Register, and may potentially be affected by the proposed project. CSH’s project specific effect recommendation is “effect, with agreed upon mitigation measures.” The recommended mitigation measures will reduce the project's potentially adverse effect on these significant historic properties. Archaeological Inventory Survey for the Nwiliwili-Ahukini Bike Path Project iv TMK: [4] 3-5-01:4, 8, 27, 60, 83, 85, 102, 118, 128, 159, and 160 por. Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: NAWILIWILI 4 Mitigation The following recommended significant historic properties will Recommendation potentially be adversely affected by the proposed project. The recommended mitigation measures listed below are intended to alleviate this adverse effect. The scope and methods for these mitigation measures should be developed in consultation with SHPD/DLNR. Site 50-30-11-2086 (CSH 3), a pre-contact habitation terrace; preservation, educational signage, avoid with a 20-ft. buffer. Site 50-30-11-2087 (CSH 5), Nwiliwili Harbor Light and associated features; preservation in the form of adaptive re-use and educational signage. Site 50-30-11-2088 (CSH 6), foundation of a historic communications tower, no further work. Site 50-30-11-2089 (CSH 7), possible historic burial mound; preservation, avoid with a 50-ft buffer, archaeological testing before construction begins. Site 50-30-11-2090 (CSH 8), historic artillery gun placement; preservation, avoid with a 20-ft buffer and educational signage. Site 50-30-11-2092 (CSH 10), historic outhouse and cesspool; no further work. Site 50-30-11-2094 CSH 12), a pre-contact habitation terrace; preservation, educational signage, avoid with a 20-ft. buffer. Site 50-30-11-2095 (CSH 13), a pre-contact activity area; no further work. Site 50-30-11-2103 (CSH 16), a historic industrial complex; educational signage. Of the nine sites recommended eligible to the Hawai‘i Register of Historic Places, six are recommended for preservation, and no further work is recommended for the three remaining sites. Site 50-30-2089 will be addressed by a Data Recovery Program, in compliance with HAR 13-13-278, prior to commencement of construction activities. This program will consist of a Data Recovery Plan, appropriate fieldwork, and a Data Recovery Report. Should human remains be identified, they will be considered previously identified and SHPD and the Kaua‘i Island Burial Council will be consulted for the appropriate treatment, per HRS 13-300-31. A Preservation Plan is recommended to address the remaining four sites that are recommended for preservation, in compliance with HAR 13-13-277.