i Double Identity Representation of Chinese Shrines in Muang Phuket District Panuwat Chanasakun A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in Chinese Studies Prince of Songkla University 2017 Copyright of Prince of Songkla University ii Thesis Title Double Identity Representation of Chinese Shrines in Muang Phuket District Author Mr. Panuwat Chanasakun Major Program Chinese Studies Major Advisor Examining Committee: ……………………………………………… ….…………….………………………….Chairperson (Dr Pim De Jong) (Dr. Yupin Karanyadech) .……………….…………………….……Committee (Dr. Chawarote Valyamedhi) ……………….…………………….……Committee (Dr Pim De Jong) The Graduate School, Prince of Songkla University, has approved this thesis as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Arts Degree in Chinese studies. ………….……….………………………………………… (Assoc. Prof. Dr. Teerapol Srichana) Dean of Graduate School iii This is to certify that the work here submitted is the result of the candidate’s own investigations. Due acknowledgement has been made of any assistance received. ........................................................Signature (Dr. Pim de Jong) Major Advisor ........................................................Signature (Mister Panuwat Chanasakun) Candidate iv I hereby certify that this work has not been accepted in substance for any degree, and is not being currently submitted in candidature for any degree. ...............................................................Signature (Mister Panuwat Chanasakun) Candidate v Thesis Title Double Identity Representation of Chinese Shrines in Muang Phuket District Author Mister Panuwat Chanasakun Major Program Chinese Studies Academic Year 2016 ABSTRACT “Double Identity Representation of Chinese Shrine in Phuket District” has the main objectives o study the adaptations of Chinese culture in the context of Thai society through Chinese shrine in Muang Phuket District and to comprehend the phenomena of double identity which represent through Chinese shrine in Muang Phuket District. The In-depth interviews and Participant Observation of the Qualitative research methods was used in this study. The Chinese shrines are part of maintaining and expressing the Chinese culture. This phenomenon is present by the double identities form. The Chinese Shrine is an expression of the Hybridity of culture and double identity through the forms of art, religious activities and figures of god. Chinese shrine is involved with various organizations; both public and private sector and have a role to Thai society through the public benefit activities and Social welfares. The double identity representation is the development of a good relationship between Thai ethnic and Chinese ethnic. vi ชื่อวิทยานิพนธ์ การแสดงออกทางทวิลักษณ์ผ่านศาลเจ้าจีนในเขตอ าเภอเมือง จังหวัดภูเก็ต ผู้เขียน นายพาณุวัชร ชนะสกุล สาขาวิชา จีนศึกษา ปีการศึกษา 2559 บทคัดย่อ "การแสดงออกเชิงทวิลักษณ์ผ่านศาลเจ้าจีนในเขตอ าเภอเมืองภูเก็ต" มีวัตถุประสงค์ ในการศึกษาการปรับตัวของวัฒนธรรมจีนในบริบทของสังคมไทยผ่านศาลเจ้าจีนและเพื่อสร้างความ เข้าใจในปรากฏการณ์การแสดงออกทางทวิลักษณ์ผ่านศาลเจ้าจีนในอ าเภอเมืองภูเก็ต โดยใช้วิธีการ วิจัยเชิงคุณภาพในการศึกษาและเก็บข้อมูลผ่านการสัมภาษณ์เชิงลึกร่วมกับการสังเกตแบบมีส่วนร่วม จากการวิจัยพบว่าศาลเจ้าจีนเป็นส่วนหนึ่งในการรักษาและแสดงออกทางวัฒนธรรมจีน ศาลเจ้าจีนได้ มีการปรับใช้และผสมผสานวัฒนธรรมความเชื่อของชาวไทย เข้ากับวัฒนธรรมดั้งเดิมของจีนและแสดง ออกมาผ่านรูปแบบการแสดงออกรูปแบบของศิลปะ กิจกรรมทางศาสนา และรูปเคารพต่างๆ ทั้งนี้ ศาลเจ้าจีนมีความร่วมมือกับองค์กรภาครัฐและภาคเอกชนของไทยเป็นอย่างดีผ่านกิจกรรมสาธารณะ ต่างๆ ปรากฏการณ์เหล่านี้จึงเป็นรูปแบบการแสดงออกของปรากฏการณ์เชิงทวิลักษณ์ในศาลเจ้าจีน และวิถีชีวิตชาวไทยเชื้อสายจีน ซึ่งสามารถแสดงการพัฒนาและเชื่อมโยงความสัมพันธ์ระหว่างชาติ พันธุ์ไทยและชาติพันธุ์จีนได้เป็นอย่างดี vii Acknowledgements I would like to convey my sincere gratitude and sincere appreciation to all people who have helped and inspired me during my master study. First, I would like to acknowledge my thesis advisor Dr. Pim de Jong of the Faculty of International Studies at Prince of Songkla University, Phuket Campus, for her exemplary guidance, valuable feedback and constant encouragement throughout the duration of this study. I would also like to give my heartfelt gratitude to Mr. Kittiwong Jansattham, Head of Jui Tui Dao Bo Keng Shrine, Mr.Theerawut Sritularak, Head of Pud-Jor shrine and Dr. Chiewcharn Sivakunakorn, Head of Ma Jor Pho Shrine (Sam San Tian Hou Gueng), include all of the Chinese-Thai people who give all information about the Chinese culture phenomena in the shrine. Without them, the information of the study could not have been successful. Finally, I must express my very profound gratitude to my parents and all of my family members for their support and encouragement. I would like to thanks the examination chairperson, Dr. Yupin Karanyadech and the examination committee, Dr. Chawarote Valyamedhi, for their time and recommendations. I must thanks to Dr. Nuannut Khieowan and Mrs. Krongkan Rujpanitharn for the advice and helped me with many things. This thesis was an extremely knowledgeable experience for me. This accomplishment would not have been possible without them. Thank you. Panuwat Chanasakun viii Content Page Abstract v Abstract (Thai) vi Acknowledgements vii Content viii List of Tables xi List of Figures xii Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Statement of the Problem 1 1.2 Review Literature 2 1.3 Theoretical framework 7 1.4 Objective 11 1.5 Significance of Study 12 1.6 Scope of study 12 Chapter 2 Research Methodology 13 2.1 Data Collection 13 2.2 Population and sample 14 2.3 Finding and Theoretical Analysis 14 Chapter 3 History of the overseas Chinese in Phuket 15 3.1 Overseas Chinese in Thailand 15 3.2 Overseas Chinese to the South of Thailand and Phuket 21 ix Contents (cont.) Page 3.3 The Hokkien Chinese in Phuket 24 3.4 Cultural influences of Overseas Chinese in Phuket 26 3.5 Religious beliefs of the Chinese people and faith of 28 Phuket Hokkien Chinese 3.5.1 Basic Beliefs of Chinese 28 3.5.2 Chinese Faith and Chinese shrines in Phuket 35 Chapter 4 Result 45 4.1 The Group of Chinese people 46 4.1.1 The group of conservative opinion 46 4.1.2 The group of Double identity opinion: the opinion in 47 both Chinese and Thai 4.1.3 The group that perceive they were Thai completely 48 4.2 Chinese Identity through the Activities of Chinese Shrine 56 4.3 The Double identity, Integration and Changing 67 4.4 The Double identity representation of the Chinese shrine through 70 the implementation in various opportunities of Thailand 4.5 The Double identity of Chinese-Thai people 74 4.6 The View of Chinese traditional Changed 77 4.6.1 The changing in the pattern of Evolution 80 x Contents (cont.) Page 4.6.2 The changing in the pattern of Development 81 4.7 The View of Double Identity Phenomena 82 4.8 The Trend of Thai and Chinese Cultural Integration in the Future 83 4.9 Thai Ethnic and Chinese Relations through the Chinese Shrine 84 4.9.1 Cooperation between Chinese Ethnic and Thai Ethnic 84 4.9.2 Public Benefit activities and Social welfares activities of 88 Chinese Shrine 4.10 Cultural Relations between Ethnic groups in Chinese Ethnic and 91 Thai Ethnic on the Cultural Hybridity Chapter 5 Concluding remarks 93 5.1 Conclusion 93 5.1.1 The adaptations of Chinese culture in the context of 93 Thai society through Chinese shrine in Muang Phuket District 5.1.2 The phenomena of double identity which represent through 105 Chinese shrine in Muang Phuket District 5.2 Discussion 106 5.3 Suggestion 109 References 110 Appendix 116 Vitae 119 xi List of tables Tables Page The table 1 The Chinese shrines in Phuket district registered with the Ministry- 37 of interior (data as of December 21, 2016) xii List of Figures Figures Page Figure 3.1 The altar of the Chinese Gods in Chinese- Thai people‘s families 36 Figure 3.2 The main building of Jui Tui Tao Bo Keng Shrine 40 Figure 3.3 The Chinese altar in Jui Tui Tao Bo Keng Shrine 40 Figure 3.4 The statue of Goddess Guan Yin (Pud Jor) in Pud Jor Shrine 42 Figure 3.5 Pud Jor Shrine (Guan Yin Shrine) 42 Figure 3.6 The statue of Ma Jor Pho (Goddess Mazu) 44 Figure 3.7 Sam San Tian Hou Keung shrine (Ma Jor Pho Shrine) 44 Figure 4.1 The remembrance ceremony of God Dian Fu Yuan Shuai in 57 Figure 4.2 The remembrance ceremony of God Guan Yu in 57 Jui Tui Tao Bo Keng Shrine Figure 4.3 The remembrance ceremony of Goddess Guan Yin in Pud Jor shrine 58 Figure 4.4 The shrine will prepare various kinds food for the participants in 59 the remembrance ceremony of Goddess Guan Yin at Pud Jor shrine Figure 4.5 The remembrance ceremony of Ma Jor Pho (Goddess Mazu) in 60 Ma Jor Pho shrine (Sam San Tian Hou Gueng) Figure 4.6 The Lerntern Festival of Ma Jor Pho shrine 60 (Sam San Tian Hou Gueng) Figure 4.7 The Chinese decorative structure in Jui Tui Tao Bo Keng Shrine 64 Figure 4.8 The Chinese pattern carved on a wall around 65 the Jui Tui Tao Bo Keng shrine and Pud Jor Shrine xiii List of Figures (cont.) Figures Page Figure 4.9 The Chinese story the wall around the Jui Tui Tao Bo Keng shrine 65 and Pud Jor Shrine Figure 4.10 The statue Chinese gods in Jui Tui Tao Bo Keng Shrine 66 Figure 4.11 The ritual activities in Vegeterian Festival at Jui Tui Tao Bo Keng- 66 Shrine Figure 4.12 The Ceremony to mourn the passing of His Majesty the King- 72 Rama IX at Jui Tui Tao Bo Keng Shrine Figure 4.13 The Candle Light Ceremony to mourn the passing of 72 His Majesty the King Rama IX at Jui Tui Tao Bo Keng Shrine Figure 4.14 Theravada Buddhist monks in the birthday ceremony of