Notes on the Lycian Alphabet Author(s): W. Arkwright Source: The Journal of Hellenic Studies, Vol. 35 (1915), pp. 100-106 Published by: Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/624526 Accessed: 12-12-2015 08:05 UTC Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/ info/about/policies/terms.jsp JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies and Cambridge University Press are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The Journal of Hellenic Studies. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 146.189.194.69 on Sat, 12 Dec 2015 08:05:20 UTC All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions NOTES ON THE LYCIAN ALPHABET. ? 1.-The Absence of 0. ON page 68 of the Jahreshefte of the Austrian Archaeological Institute for 1899, Band II., I discussed the value of the letter 3c, and with consider- able hesitation decided in favour of Schmidt's opinion that it represents 8. The conclusion was based on the only direct evidence available, namely the rendering of the Persian Mithrapata by the Lycian ME XPPPPTP. This was greatly discounted by the fact that Mithrapata is also rendered by Mizrppata (T.A.M. 64), and that Mithra appears also in Lycian Mizretije (84) and the Cilician Mtapator, which rather suggested that the letter was a sibilant closely akin to the Lycian z. It now appears certain that the last conclusion is correct. (1) The town of Elpva appears on coins as 0 EB\VN. and 0 EBA[N], with the same change of B into L as in for Telebehi.2 The TeXe•o-adv identification is certified by the occurrence on coins marked X EBW and XE 3 of the same type (dolphin) and symbol (human eye) as on coins of Aperlae (Prlli),4 a town known to have been confederated with Simena.5 (2) The Greek 8 is not rendered by )c, but by Lycian T in 'AlBrvaio' = atcinaz. (T.A.M. i. 44b, 27),6 and by I in ScavOla = kssmfzija (ibid. 150, 1). The inference that Lycian had no equivalent for 8 is confirmed by the fact that this letter is only found in five out of about 370 local and personal native proper names preserved in Greek inscriptions in Lycia proper.' In a bilingual inscription (25) the Greek word Op;frte is used to represent the name Crupsse in accordance with a fashion, very prevalent 1 Hill, British Museum Catalogue, Lycia, SIt is necessary to exclude districts which p. xxix. were joined to Lycia at various dates for " Op. cit. xl.; see below. administrative purposes, as Milyas (really 3 Inventaire Waddington 2878 and 2872. The Phrygian, Arrian, Anabasis, i. 24, 5), part of same type and symbol appear on Six, Monnaies Cibyratis (Strabo, p. 631; Lycian was not one Lyciennes, 118, where XC]EB4' should be of the languages spoken at Cibyra, ibid.), part read for E or 4\VEB. of Caria (J.H.S. xv. 95 ; a Carian inscription BW4' exists in this district). In Sundwall, Die 4 B.M.Oat. p. 10. einheimischcne Namen der Lykier, names from 5Waddington, Voyage en Asie-Mlineure, all these districts, and even from the territory p. 89. of the Pisidian Lagbe, are quoted as Lycian. 6 References giving a number only are to Tituli Asiae Minoris, vol. i. 100 This content downloaded from 146.189.194.69 on Sat, 12 Dec 2015 08:05:20 UTC All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions NOTES ON THE LYCIAN ALPHABET 101 in Asia Minor, for altering native names in such a way as to give them a Greek or partly Greek appearance. So also a Lycian or *Opveo.r'7 (compare Opve-7reetLt arid and Pisidian *Opve/vr7- Opve-stara, Apaa-puorv and s8) is changed into OpvqtvOo9so as to give a false Ofpt-o'or suggestion of a Greek compound like 'noLthvlo9. The name of the town Optav8a (St. Byz.) is evidently derived by a false etymology from Opov, 'a rush.' The only real exceptions are Betlv9,9 which is characteristically Thracian, but also Phrygian, and HavaOela'v, feminine, which also probably is borrowed from another district, as it shows a change of consonants which is certainly as well as Thracian and Phrygian Illyrian,1o but is quite unknown in Lycia." (3) x interchanges with I in ME X PPPPTP = Mizr~ppata and in 30DCyVNP (44b, 58) = Kzzuna (35, 18). Also with s in C ppI for Spp~itaza. The conclusion is almost certain that XC is not th but a sibilant closely akin to the Lycian z, and I propose that it should be written as a Greek " instead of 0. This transcription will be used for the remainder of this article.12 ? 2.-The Change of s to h. Confirmatory evidence of the close connexion of C with z is to be found in the fact that both letters share in the tendency of s to be exchanged with h. Thus Tr'tkma(44b, 44) appears in another epitaph as hrima (84, 4), the identity of the words being established by the context: also rurtta (44a, 18) is probably found as *hurtta in the compound proper name hurtt-uweti (94, 1). So also zkkcana (44a, 54) is identical with hkkane (57, 5), and zripra (55, 8) probably reappears in the proper name h~iprc ma (37, 5). s Names quoted without a reference will be eeOTa. Compare also the Thracian -KrEvEOosand found in the index to Sundwall, op. cit., a -KEYTLOS,-Kvuc s and Cuties (Tomaschek, Die work involving great research, excellently alten Thraker, ii. pp. 46 and 51), etc. In all carried out. these'cases 0- or OL-arises from Tj-, as in Mes- 9 Sura in Lycia, Rcisen ii. 83; Aezani in sapian-lllyrian Baoeas on a coin of Baletium: Phrygia, C._.G. 3837 (add.); cf. Tomaschek, also BlatOihi, from Blatties, Blattitus (Deecke, Die alten Thraker, ii. 13. No genuine native Rheinisches Museum, vol. xxxvii. p. 386), words in Lycia begin with B. *LasoOesfrom *Lasoties (p. 391), etc., etc. ]O In Southern Phrygia, and especially in n In Cilicia, where the names generally Lycaonia, where Phrygian was probably spoken, follow the same laws as in Lycia, 9 is remark- a good number of compound proper names of ably rare, and the very few exceptions seem all the older native or Lycial type survived, but to be Phrygian. For instance, in the great in their transmission through Phrygian mouths Corycian inscription (J.H.S. xv. pp. 243 seqq.) they often underwent modifications according 0 is only found in the Phrygian-Thracian Bt8vs. to Phrygian phonetic laws. flavasLacrs is an 12 It must not be supposed that either this instance; ra7rsis for TarLs (Phrygia), feminine letter or the Lycian I are phonetic equivalents from Ta'ras, whence also OaGEas and Oaeors of the Greek C, which is a double letter, and in (Isauria), just as OLovGrovs(Phrygia: Kretschmer, Asia Minor arises out of 8. The transcription Einleitung, p. 301), also Oov0ovs(Lycaonia), is C is merely proposed in conformity with z, from Tovwrs, Towrfs. Compare the Southern used in T. A.M. for reasons of typographical Phrygian towns Tupoa or Ovooa, and TerOa or convenience. This content downloaded from 146.189.194.69 on Sat, 12 Dec 2015 08:05:20 UTC All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions 102 W. ARKWRIGHT The interchange of s and h is well established. In the dialect for which it is safest to adopt the name of Lycian 2,13 the letter h is absent, and in some cases has been shown to be replaced by s.1'" In particular, the adjectival suffix which takes the place of a genitive case,15 -hi in common nouns, and -h, -he in proper names, appears as -si, -s, and -se (-sa).l6 This gives the native Lycian form of the suffix --- so common in local (-•a-), names in Asia Minor. The city of tuminesi, mentioned along with Candyba on the north side of the Xanthian stele,17is obviously the tuminehi likewise associated with Candyba (as well as arthcna, Xanthus, and cerai,s18 a town of unknown position) on the east side.19 On the south side the lower tuminehi is associated with zagacba and pttara (Patara).20 It is certain that -si (-hi) is a formative suffix and makes part of the name.21 I cannot doubt therefore that tuminesi is identical with Tvvtoaado, which is cited in Stephanus Byzantinus as a city of Caria, but the derivation of the name from a Xanthian word, and the reference to the Lycian history of Alexander Polyhistor, indicate that Kaplas is one of the numerous slips of the epitomist arising out of the next entry, Ttv'vow, Kapias. It seems to have been really in Lycia.22 irXtXt The identification of tuminesi or tmminzehi with TvYaave is con- firmed by that of telebehi 23 with or TeXeIOaad v.24 TeXLLadO-, TTeXp•aoeds, This is supported by various instances of the interchange of b and m? " 13 This dialect occurs only on the western and cumezija, which words are closely preceded by part of the northern side of the Xanthian stele arelna, and followed by cer(i.