36_030771 bindex.qxp 10/9/06 11:50 AM Page 419 Index Antiochus III (Syrian leader), 211, 220, • A • 222–223, 407–408 Achaean League, 213–214 Antium (city), 193 Actium, Battle of, 268–269 Antonine Itinerary, 100 actors, 137–138 Antoninus Pius (emperor), 313–314 aediles, 50, 57, 183 Antony, Mark (tribune/consul), 77, 256, Aemilian (emperor), 339 263–269, 409 Aeneas (hero), 156, 167–168 Aphrodisias (city), 415 Aeneid (Virgil), 16, 275, 394 Apollodorus of Damascus (architect), 101, Aequians, 171, 188 306 Aetius, Flavius (general), 378–379 Appian (historian), 402 Aetolian League, 211, 222, 223 Appian Way, 99 Agathocles (tyrant of Syracuse), 200 Appius Claudius (commissioner), 99, 114, Agricola, Gnaeus Julius (father of Tacitus), 58 182 Agrippa, Marcus Vipsanius (Roman Apuleius (writer), 139 commander), 92, 269, 273, 277, 311 aqueducts, 114–115, 373 Agrippina (wife of Germanicus and mother aquila (emblem), 74 of Nero), 43, 280, 282, 283 Arbogastes (general), 374 289, 291, 403 Arcadius (emperor), 375 Agron (King of Illyria), 210 Arch of Severus, 327 Akkadians, 12 Arch of Titus, 97, 98 alae (cavalry wings), 76 Archimedes (mathematician), 78 Alamanni, 371, 375 architecture Alans, 371, 375 arches and vaults, 96–97 Alaric (Visigoth leader), 375–377, 394 celebrating Christianity in, 359 Alba Longa (city), 168, 175, 178 concrete, 95–96 Albinus, Clodius (governor), 324, 325, 326 Greek, 94, 97 Alesia, siege of, 251, 410 Norman, 27 Alexander of Epirus, 195 Roman, 27, 95–98 Alexander, Severus (emperor), 55, 336–338 Vitruvius (architect), 97 Alexander the Great,COPYRIGHTED 13, 156 Ardashir MATERIAL (Sassanid king), 338 alimenta, 45, 305, 306, 337 arenas, 124–125 Allectus (emperor), 353 Arians, 360, 366 alphabet, 23 Aricia, League of, 187 amphitheatres, 92, 124–126 Aristides, Aelius (Greek orator), 103–104 amphora (pottery packing case), 107–108 aristocracy, 31–32, 228–229 ancestors, worshipping, 164 Arminius (German chieftain), 279 Ancus Marcius (king), 175, 176 armour, 78–79 Andriscus (Macedonian), 213–214 army animal fights, 131–133 artillery, 79 annona (grain dole), 109 auxiliary units, 72, 75–76 Anthemius (emperor), 380–381 cavalry, 73, 74, 75, 76, 79 Antinoüs (friend of Hadrian), 312 36_030771 bindex.qxp 10/9/06 11:50 AM Page 420 420 The Romans For Dummies army (continued) Republican system and, 392 Comitia Centuriata (assembly of the Res Gestae, 280 Centuries), 48–49 taxation, 277 command structure, 71–72, 74 veteran settlement by, 75 division under Constantine, 84 wives, 279 end of army in the west, 85 Augustus, Romulus (emperor), 85, 381 equipment, 78–79 Augustus (title), 52 foederati (federates), 76 Aurelian (emperor), 104, 341–344 forts, 80–85 Aurelius, Marcus (emperor), 26, 84, 136, legions, 72–75 160, 314–316 navy, 77–78 Ausonius (poet), 69 organization, 349 authors, Roman, 16–18 part-time soldiers, 230 auxiliaries, 75–76 Praetorian Guard, 77 Avitus (emperor), 380 size, 72 Arruns (son of Porsenna), 187 artifacts, Roman, 18 • B • artillery, 79 Baalbek Jupiter temple, 15, 150–151 Ascanius (son of Aeneas), 168 Babylonians, 12 Asclepiodotus (praetorian prefect), 353 Balbinus (emperor), 338 Asia Minor, 222–224 Bar Cochba, Simon (leader of Jewish Asina, Gnaeus Cornelius Scipio (naval revolt), 311, 411 commander), 201 barbarians assemblies as allies of Rome, 374 Comitia Centuriata (Assembly of the groups, 370–371 Centuries), 48–49, 176–177, siege and fall of Rome (AD 410), 375–377 179, 180, 228 Barca, Hamilcar (Carthaginian general), Comitia Curiata (Assembly of the 204 Divisions), 48 Basilica of Maxentius, 97 Concilium Plebis Tributum (Council of the Bath (city), 15, 417 Plebians arranged by Tribes), 49–50, baths, 65, 91, 116–117 182, 191 Belisarius (general), 385 Senate, 32, 51–52, 56–59, 191, 243–244 Ben Hur (movie), 134, 247 Athens (Roman ruins), 15 Bignor (Roman ruins), 19 Attalus III (King of Pergamon), 224, 232 Boii (tribe), 216 Attila the Hun, 378–379 books, Roman, 16–18 Augustus (emperor). See also Octavian boots, 79 biography, 397–398 Boudica (female leader in Britain), 290, building projects, 276–277 291, 410–411 colonies, 277 Boudican War, 105, 290 conservatism of, 275 bridges, 101 death of, 280 Britain frontiers, 278–279 abandonment of, 377 heir, 279–280 barbarian conspiracy, 372 imperial post system, 101 Claudius’ invasion of, 287 improvements to Rome, 91, 92–93 history after Roman Empire, 382–383 Julia (daughter), 41, 55, 273–274, 279, 281 lead from, 109 Praetorian Guard organization, 77 rebellion by Carausius, 352–353 36_030771 bindex.qxp 10/9/06 11:50 AM Page 421 Index 421 Britannicus (son of Claudius), 287, 289, 291 Camillus, Marcus Furius (general), 188 Brutus, Lucius Junius (nephew of Campanians, 193 Tarquinius Superbus), 178, 179 camps, marching, 82 Brutus, Marcus Junius (murderer of canabae (settlements), 106 Caesar), 262, 263, 264, 267 Cannae, battle of, 206–207 buildings Capitoline Hill, Rome, 189 arches and vaults, 96–97 Capitoline Triad, 155 concrete, 95–96 Capua (city), 193, 194, 207–208, 246 fort, 81–82 Caracalla (emperor), 36, 93, 100, 326–330, of Rome, 91–95 404 burial feasts, 164 Caratacus (leader in Britain), 410 burial (inhumation), 163 Carausius (emperor), 78, 348, 352–353, 398 Burnham, Daniel (architect), 27 Carinus (emperor), 344–345 Byzantine Empire, 383–388 Carolingian minuscule handwriting, 19 Carry on Cleo (movie), 409 Carthage • C • destruction of, 12, 392 Caesar and Cleopatra (movie), 409 First Punic War, 201–203 Caesar, Julius (emperor) founding of, 199 biography, 397 Pyrrhus attack on, 196 building projects in Rome, 92 Second Punic War, 204–209 bull-killing, 133 Third Punic War, 219–222 Cleopatra and, 258, 409 treaties with Rome, 200 death of, 261–262 war with Numidia, 220 as dictator, 259, 260–261 Carus (emperor), 344 female conquests, 262 Cassius Dio, (writer/historian), 18, 101, First Triumvirate, 249–253, 256 316, 337, 410 funeral, 263 Cassius (murderer of Caesar), 261, 263, Gallic Wars, 251 264, 267 heir, 264 catacombs, 163 invasion of Britain, 77 Catiline Conspiracy, 250 Julia (daughter), 251, 253 Catilinus, Lucius Sergius (provincial Pompeia, divorce of, 252 governor), 250, 402 Pompey, conflict with, 257–258 Cato, Marcus Porcius (writer/scholar), 62, reforms by, 259–260 67, 221, 258–259, 396–397 rise to power, 248 Catullus, Gaius Valerius (poet), 16 Rubicon, crossing of, 49, 256–257 cavalry, 73, 74, 76, 79 talents and weaknesses, 261 Celsus, Cornelius (De Medicina), 119 writings of, 16 Celtiberians, 218 Caesar (title), 52–53 Celts, 189 Caesarion (son of Julius Caesar), 264, 268, cemeteries, 163, 164, 171 269, 409 censor, 54, 176 calendar census, by Servius Tullius, 176 Julian, 260 centurions, 73, 74, 76 religious, 122–123 century, 73 Cales (city), 229 chariot-racing, 126–128, 133–135 Caligula (emperor), 79, 134, 138, 283–286, charity, 45 403 Charlemagne (Holy Roman Caligula (movie), 286 Emperor), 19, 21 36_030771 bindex.qxp 10/9/06 11:50 AM Page 422 422 The Romans For Dummies Chatti (German tribe), 301, 315, 412 Claudius the God (Graves), 289 children, 43–46 Cleander (freedman), 320 Christianity Cleopatra (movie), 409 churches, 161 Cleopatra VII of Egypt, 258, 267–269, 409 Crusades, 387 client, 32, 40, 228 Edict of Milan, 356–357, 394 client kings, 278 legalization of, 161 clothing, 33, 34, 37, 42 monophysitism, 384 Clusium (city), 186, 189 as mystery cult, 159 Cocles, Horatius (defender of Rome), 186 persecutions, 160–161, 351, 356 cohort, 73, 76 problems with, 160 coinage schisms, 360–361, 386 Antony’s silver, 269 as state religion, 143 Augustus’, 276 Cicero, Marcus Tullius (writer/statesman) Carausius’, 352–353 Catiline Conspiracy, exposure of, 249, 250 comparative values, 112 condemnation of Catilinus, 402 Constantine’s, 362 hatred of Caesar, 256, 261, 263 inflation and, 112–113 Mark Antony and, 265, 266 intrinsic value, 110 Philippics, 265, 266 metals used in, 109, 110 prosecution of Verres, 403 Nero’s, 292, 293 writings, 16 propaganda, 111–112 Cilicia, 247 of soldier emperors, 338 Cincinnatus, Lucius Quinctius types, 110 (consul/dictator), 395 colonies, 193–194 Cinna, Lucius Cornelius (consul), 242–243 Colosseum, 97, 125–127, 132 Circus Maximus, 126–128 Columella, Lucius Junius Moderatus Cisalpine Gaul (northern Italy), 216, 251 (writer), 62–63 citizens comedies, 138 growth in number of, 190 comitatenses, 84 Latin, 36–37 Comitia Centuriata (Assembly of the names, 36 Centuries), 48–49, 176–177, occupations, 34–35 179, 180, 228 Roman, 35–36 Comitia Curiata (Assembly of the tribes, 35–36 Divisions), 48 without vote, 190 Commodus, Lucius Aurelius (emperor), citizenship 129, 316, 319–322, 404 awarded for military service, 76 Concilium Plebis Tributum (Council of the universal, 36, 76, 329 Plebians arranged by Tribes), 49–50, city. See also specific cities 182, 191 idea of, 26–27, 89–90 concrete, 95–96 Rome as urban template, 90–92 Conflict of the Orders, 31, 49, 181–184, 391 city states, Greek, 13, 89 Constans (emperor), 363–364 Civil War, 256–258, 324 Constantine I (emperor) Civilis, Gaius Julius (Batavian chieftain), army organization, 84 296 building projects, 97, 161 clan, 30, 31–32 capital city, 361 classes, 48–49, 176–177 Christianity and, 161, 358–361 Claudius (emperor), 39, 93, 286–289 coinage, 113 Claudius II Gothicus (emperor), 341 court, 359 36_030771 bindex.qxp 10/9/06 11:50 AM Page 423 Index 423 Edict of Milan, 394 dinner party, 139–142 exposure prevention, 45 Dio Cassius (writer/historian), 18, 101, 316, Licinius, power struggle with, 357 337, 410 money management, 362 Diocles, Gaius Appuleius (charioteer), 135 rise of, 354–356 Diocletian (emperor) succession, 362–363