RV SONNE Fahrtbericht / Cruise Report SO258/1 INGON: The Indian - Antarctic Break-up Engima Fremantle (Australia) - Colombo (Sri Lanka) 07.06.-09.07.2017 GEOMAR REPORT Berichte aus dem GEOMAR Helmholtz-Zentrum für Ozeanforschung Kiel Nr. 38 (N. Ser.) August 2017 RV SONNE Fahrtbericht / Cruise Report SO258/1 INGON: The Indian - Antarctic Break-up Engima Fremantle (Australia) - Colombo (Sri Lanka) 07.06.-09.07.2017 Berichte aus dem GEOMAR Helmholtz-Zentrum für Ozeanforschung Kiel Nr. 38 (N. Ser.) August 2017 Das GEOMAR Helmholtz-Zentrum für Ozeanforschung Kiel The GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel ist Mitglied der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft is a member of the Helmholtz Association of Deutscher Forschungszentren e.V. German Research Centres Herausgeber / Editors: Reinhard Werner, Hans-Joachim Wagner, and Folkmar Hauff with contributions from cruise participants GEOMAR Report ISSN Nr.. 2193-8113, DOI 10.3289/GEOMAR_REP_NS_38_2017 Helmholtz-Zentrum für Ozeanforschung Kiel / Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel GEOMAR Dienstgebäude Westufer / West Shore Building Düsternbrooker Weg 20 D-24105 Kiel Germany Helmholtz-Zentrum für Ozeanforschung Kiel / Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel GEOMAR Dienstgebäude Ostufer / East Shore Building Wischhofstr. 1-3 D-24148 Kiel Germany Tel.: +49 431 600-0 Fax: +49 431 600-2805 www.geomar.de 1 CONTENT 1. Cruise Summary ....................................................................................................................................................2 1.1. English .....................................................................................................................................................2 1.2. German....................................................................................................................................................3 2. Participants ............................................................................................................................................................4 2.1. Ship´s Crew .............................................................................................................................................4 2.2. Principal Investigators..............................................................................................................................4 2.3. Shipboard Scientific Party........................................................................................................................4 2.4. Institutions................................................................................................................................................5 3. Narrative of the Cruise ...........................................................................................................................................5 4. Aims of the Cruise................................................................................................................................................12 4.1. Profiling and Rock Sampling..................................................................................................................12 4.2. Biological Investigations ........................................................................................................................13 4.2.1. Experiments carried out as planned........................................................................................13 4.2.2. New and additional experiments .............................................................................................15 5. Agenda of the Cruise ...........................................................................................................................................16 5.1. Geological Investigations.......................................................................................................................16 5.2. Biological Investigations ........................................................................................................................18 6. Introduction in the working Area...........................................................................................................................19 6.1. The Gondwana Break-up and the Dispersal of India / Sri Lanka...........................................................19 6.2. The 85°E Ridge .....................................................................................................................................19 6.3. The EM 1 Mantle Component at Afanasy Nikitin ...................................................................................21 6.4. Biology ...................................................................................................................................................21 7. Methods and Description of Stations ...................................................................................................................23 7.1. Profiling and Rock Sampling..................................................................................................................23 7.1.1. Methods...................................................................................................................................23 7.1.1.1. Bathymetry (Kongsberg Maritime EM122)................................................................23 7.1.1.2. Sediment Echo-Sounding (Atlas PARASOUND P70)...............................................25 7.1.1.3. Dredging, Site Selection, and Laboratory Work........................................................26 7.1.2. Rock Sampling Report and Preliminary Results of Bathymetric Mapping...............................27 7.1.2.1. Osborn Seamount.....................................................................................................27 7.1.2.2. 85° Fracture Zone .....................................................................................................29 7.1.2.3. "Southern Seamounts"..............................................................................................30 7.1.2.4. Afanasy Nikitin Complex ...........................................................................................33 7.1.2.5. Buried Hills................................................................................................................38 7.2. Biological Investigations ........................................................................................................................41 7.2.1. Methods .......................................................................................................................41 7.2.1.1.Tucker Trawl.........................................................................................................41 7.2.1.2. Neuston Net Catches ..........................................................................................42 7.2.1.3. Lander Types and Deployments .........................................................................42 7.2.2. General Description of Catch.......................................................................................43 7.2.3. Investigations and Experiments with Fish, Cephalopods and Crustaceans.................45 7.2.3.1. Visual Ecology and Sensory Systems in Deep-Sea Fishes from a Brain Perspective..........................................................................................................45 7.2.3.2. Mesopelagic Fish Sexual Dimorphism and Visual Ecology.................................46 7.2.3.3. Transcriptomics of Mesopelagic Fish ..................................................................46 7.2.3.4. Collaborative Fish Work ......................................................................................46 7.2.3.5. Visual Pigment Regeneration..............................................................................47 7.2.3.6. Stomiid Vision......................................................................................................49 7.2.3.7. Tubular Eyes in Mesopelagic Fish: Advantages, Drawbacks, and Ways to Overcome them..............................................................................50 7.2.3.8. Circadian Rhythms in Mesopelagic - Vertical Migrating Fish ..............................51 7.2.3.9. Sensory Input to the Central Nervous System ....................................................52 7.2.3.10. Lateral Line Ultrastructure and Ecology ............................................................53 7.2.3.11. The Auditory Abilities of Mesopelagic Fishes....................................................54 7.2.3.12. Shrimp Spectral Sensitivity................................................................................56 7.2.3.13. Visual Ecology and Neuronal Function in Cephalopods ...................................57 7.2.3.14. Free-Falling Autonomous Landers ....................................................................60 8. Acknowledgements .........................................................................................................................................65 9. References ...........................................................................................................................................................66 Appendices: I. Sampling Summary / Station List II. Rock Description Table III. 3D-Maps of SO258 Leg 1 Dredges Tracks IV. Tucker Trawl Deployment Data V. List of Teleost Fish Recovered from Trawls VI. List of Cephalopods Recovered from Trawls VII. List of Shrimp Caught or Used for Crustacean 2 1.1 SUMMARY The R/V SONNE expedition SO258 leg 1 is part of