SCUOLA SUPERIORE PER MEDIATORI LINGUISTICI (Decreto Ministero Dell’Università 31/07/2003) Via P

SCUOLA SUPERIORE PER MEDIATORI LINGUISTICI (Decreto Ministero Dell’Università 31/07/2003) Via P

SCUOLA SUPERIORE PER MEDIATORI LINGUISTICI (Decreto Ministero dell’Università 31/07/2003) Via P. S. Mancini, 2 – 00196 - Roma TESI DI DIPLOMA DI MEDIATORE LINGUISTICO (Curriculum Interprete e Traduttore) Equipollente ai Diplomi di Laurea rilasciati dalle Università al termine dei Corsi afferenti alla classe delle LAUREE UNIVERSITARIE IN SCIENZE DELLA MEDIAZIONE LINGUISTICA Venezuela: ieri e oggi RELATORI: CORRELATORI: Prof.ssa Adriana Bisirri Prof.ssa Tamara Centurioni Prof.ssa Marilyn Anne Scopes Prof.ssa Claudia Piemonte CANDIDATA: Geraldine Vinciguerra Matricola 2352 ANNO ACCADEMICO 2017/2018 2 A mia madre, la mia forza. 3 4 Indice ITALIANO ...................................................................................................................... 15 Introduzione................................................................................................................. 16 I. La storia ..................................................................................................................... 19 I.1 Epoca precolombiana ......................................................................................... 20 I.2 Epoca coloniale ................................................................................................... 21 I.3 Movimenti preindipendentisti ............................................................................ 23 I.4 L'indipendenza .................................................................................................... 25 I.5 Il successo del Venezuela .................................................................................... 28 II. Identità ..................................................................................................................... 29 II.1 Etnie indigene .................................................................................................... 29 II.1.a La comunità spagnola ................................................................................. 32 II.1.b La comunità italiana .................................................................................... 33 II.1.c Origine del nome Venezuela ....................................................................... 34 5 II.2 La lingua ............................................................................................................. 35 II.2.a Differenze tra lo spagnolo venezuelano e lo spagnolo peninsulare ........... 36 II.2.b Caratteristiche dello spagnolo venezuelano............................................... 39 III. Cultura..................................................................................................................... 43 III.1 La letteratura .................................................................................................... 43 III.2 La musica come arte nazionale ......................................................................... 45 III.3 Simboli e date ................................................................................................... 46 III.3.a Simboli ....................................................................................................... 47 III.3.b Fechas Patrias ............................................................................................ 50 III.4 Gastronomia ..................................................................................................... 51 III.4.a L’Arepa ....................................................................................................... 53 III.4.b Il pabellón criollo ....................................................................................... 54 III.4.c La hallaca .................................................................................................... 55 IV. Paradiso naturale .................................................................................................... 56 IV. 1 Flora ................................................................................................................. 57 IV. 2 Fauna ............................................................................................................... 59 6 IV. 3 Risorse naturali e minerarie............................................................................. 61 V. Il Venezuela oggi ...................................................................................................... 63 V.1 La politica nel XX secolo ..................................................................................... 64 V.2 L’avvento di Chávez ........................................................................................... 66 V.3 Maduro: crisi economica e umanitaria .............................................................. 67 V.4 Un popolo in ginocchio ...................................................................................... 68 Conclusione .................................................................................................................. 70 7 ENGLISH ....................................................................................................................... 73 Introduction ................................................................................................................. 74 I. History ...................................................................................................................... 77 I.1 Pre-Columbian period ......................................................................................... 78 I.2 The Colonial Era .................................................................................................. 78 I.3 Pre-Independence movements .......................................................................... 79 I.4 The Independence .............................................................................................. 80 I.5 The success of Venezuela ................................................................................... 82 II. Identity .................................................................................................................... 83 II.1 Ethnic groups ..................................................................................................... 83 II.1.a The Spanish community .............................................................................. 84 II.1.b The Italian community ................................................................................ 85 II.1.c Origin of the name Venezuela..................................................................... 85 II.2 The language ...................................................................................................... 86 II.2.a Differences between Venezuelan Spanish and Peninsular Spanish ........... 87 II.2.b Characteristics of Venezuelan Spanish ....................................................... 89 8 III. Culture .................................................................................................................... 92 III.1 Literature .......................................................................................................... 92 III.2 Music as a national art ...................................................................................... 93 III.3 Symbols and dates ............................................................................................ 93 III.3.a Symbols ...................................................................................................... 94 III.3.b National dates ............................................................................................ 95 III.4 Gastronomy ...................................................................................................... 95 IV. Natural paradise .................................................................................................... 97 IV.1 Flora .................................................................................................................. 97 IV.2 Fauna ................................................................................................................ 98 IV.3 Natural and mineral resources ....................................................................... 100 V. Venezuela today ................................................................................................... 101 V.1 Politics in the XX century ................................................................................. 102 V.2 The advent of Chávez ...................................................................................... 103 V.3 Maduro: economic and humanitarian crisis .................................................... 104 V.4 A country on its knees ..................................................................................... 105 9 Conclusion .................................................................................................................. 107 10 ESPAÑOL .................................................................................................................... 109 Introducción ............................................................................................................... 110 I. La Historia ............................................................................................................... 113 I.1 Época precolombina ......................................................................................... 114 I.2 Época colonial ................................................................................................... 114 I.3 Movimientos preindependentistas

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