Und Weinbau SURVEY and IDENTIFICAT

Und Weinbau SURVEY and IDENTIFICAT

Universität für Bodenkultur, Wien Department für Nutzplanzenwissenschaften Abteilung Obst- und Weinbau SURVEY AND IDENTIFICATION OF OLD LOCAL SWEET CHERRY (Prunus avium) CULTIVARS IN SCHARTEN, UPPER AUSTRIA Masterarbeit Zur Erlangung des Masters of Science an der Universität für Bodenkultur Wien eingereicht von Susanne Putz Erstbetreuer Univ. Doz. Dipl.-Ing Dr. Herbert Keppel Zweitbetreuer BOKU, Wien: Ass.Prof. Dr. Andreas Spornberger Zweitbetreuer TU München, Weihenstephan: Prof. Dr. Dieter Treutter Wien, März 2014 2 Danksagung Ich möchte mich vor allem bei Elisabeth Schüller und Prof. Andreas Spornberger bedanken. Ohne ihre Unterstützung hätte ich sowohl das Probensammeln, als auch die Laborarbeiten und Auswertungen nicht alleine geschafft. Ebenfalls möchte ich mich bei Theresa Spörr bedanken, deren Arbeit und Hilfestellung mich zu meiner eigenen Arbeit inspiriert haben. Zudem gilt mein Dank Rainer Silber, der nicht nur unser Landschaftsführer war, sondern auch Brückenbauer zwischen den Bauern und Kirschspezialisten in Scharten und unserem Team. In diesem Zuge möchte ich auch Franz Aschauer für die Zurverfügungstellung alter Dokumente und Informationen über alte oberösterreichische Kirschsorten danken. Mein Dank gilt ebenfalls dem Laborteam des Departments Gartenbau an der BOKU, sowie dem Laborteam an der TU Wien, wo mir sowohl Geräte und Arbeitsmaterial, als auch Informationen und Unterstüzung zuteil wurde. Des weiteren danke ich dem Methodenzentrum der BOKU und speziell Prof. Moder, der mir mit Anregungen zur Datenauswertung zur Seite stand. Schließlich möchte ich meinen Dank meiner Familie und allen Freunden aussprechen, die mich während der Schaffensphase unterstützt und motiviert haben. 3 Table of Contents Abstract ................................................................................................................................................. 6 1. Introduction and objectives ........................................................................................................ 7 2. Literature review............................................................................................................................. 8 2.1 Sweet cherry classification ................................................................................................... 8 2.2 Biology of Prunus avium ....................................................................................................... 9 2.2.1 Vegetative characteristics .............................................................................................. 9 2.2.2 Generative characteristics ............................................................................................. 9 2.2.3 Nutritional compounds ................................................................................................. 10 2.2.4 Cultivation ........................................................................................................................ 10 3. Characteristics of Scharten and Obst-Hügel-Land (OHL) Nature Park ......................... 12 3.1 History of Scharten and the nature park ......................................................................... 12 3.2 Geographical situation ......................................................................................................... 13 3.3 Geological characteristics ................................................................................................... 13 3.4 Climatic characteristics ....................................................................................................... 14 4. Methods .......................................................................................................................................... 15 4.1 Field ........................................................................................................................................... 15 4.1.1 Mapping ............................................................................................................................. 15 4.1.2 Tree evaluation ................................................................................................................ 15 4.2 Laboratory ............................................................................................................................... 19 4.2.1 Quantitative measurements ......................................................................................... 19 4.2.1.1 Outer characteristics .................................................................................................. 19 4.2.1.2 Inner characteristics ................................................................................................... 23 4.2.2 Qualitative ratings .......................................................................................................... 26 4.2.2.1 Outer fruit characteristics ......................................................................................... 27 4.2.2.2 Inner fruit characteristics .......................................................................................... 30 4.2.2.3 Stone characteristics ................................................................................................. 32 4.3 Cultivar photographs ............................................................................................................ 33 5. Results and discussion – vegetative parameter .................................................................. 34 5.1 Mapping .................................................................................................................................... 34 5.2 Tree evaluation ....................................................................................................................... 35 5.2.1 Tree age ............................................................................................................................. 35 5.2.2 Trunk circumference...................................................................................................... 35 5.2.3 Trunk height ..................................................................................................................... 36 5.2.4 Tree top shape ................................................................................................................. 37 4 5.2.5 Growth form ..................................................................................................................... 37 5.2.6 Fruit load ........................................................................................................................... 38 5.2.7 Vitality ................................................................................................................................ 39 5.2.8 Graft position ................................................................................................................... 39 5.2.9 Dead wood ........................................................................................................................ 40 5.2.10 Shot hole disease ......................................................................................................... 40 6. Results and discussion - generative parameter .................................................................. 42 6. 1 Qualitative characteristics ................................................................................................. 42 6.2 Qualitative outer characteristics........................................................................................ 46 6.2.1 Fruit shape ....................................................................................................................... 46 6.2.2 Fruit shape index ............................................................................................................ 46 6.2.3 Stalk length ...................................................................................................................... 48 6.2.4 Stalk release force .......................................................................................................... 50 6.2.5 Fruit weight ...................................................................................................................... 52 6.2.6 Fruit flesh firmness (FFF) ............................................................................................. 54 6.3 Qualitative Inner parameters .............................................................................................. 56 6.3.1 Stone shape index .......................................................................................................... 56 6.3.2 .............................................................................................................................................. 58 6.3.2 Stone weight .................................................................................................................... 58 6.3.3 Stone share ...................................................................................................................... 60 6.3.4 pH ........................................................................................................................................ 62 6.3.5 Soluble solids .................................................................................................................. 66 6.3.6 Antioxidative capacity ................................................................................................... 68 6.3.7 Cyanidin equivalent content .......................................................................................

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