Notes Introduction: Things Deeper and Higher 1. Joseph Pearce, Tolkien: Man and Myth (San Francisco: Ignatius Press, 1998) 2. 2. The Guardian January 20, 1997. 3. Pearce 2. 4. Catharine R. Stimpson, J.R.R. Tolkien, Columbia Essays on Modern Writers, 41 (New York: Columbia University Press, l969) 7; Robert J. Reilly, “Tolkien and the Fairy Story,” Thought 38 (1963) 90; C.S. Lewis, “The Gods Return to Earth,” Time and Tide 35 (August 14, 1954) 1082; Naomi Mitchison, “One Ring to Bind Them,” The New Statesman 48 (September 18, 1954) 331; Richard Hughes, “The Lord of the Rings,” The Spectator (October 1, 1954) 408. 5. Mark R. Hillegas, ed., Shadows of Imagination (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1969) xiii. 6. Edmund Fuller, “The Lord of the Hobbits: J.R.R. Tolkien,” Tolkien and the Critics, eds. Neil D. Isaacs and Rose A. Zimbardo (Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 1968) 36—Fuller quotes Philip Toynbee quoting W.H. Auden; Robert Sklar, “Tolkien and Hesse: Top of the Pops,” Nation 204 (May 8, 1967) 599; W.R. Irwin, “There and Back Again: The Romances of Williams, Lewis, and Tolkien,” Sewanee Review 69 (October–December 1961) 577; Daniel Hughes, “Pieties and Giant Forms in The Lord of the Rings,” Shadows of Imagination, ed. Mark R. Hillegas (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1969) 96. 7. D. Hughes 95; George Burke Johnston, “The Poetry of J.R.R. Tolkien,” The Tolkien Papers, Mankato Studies in English 2 (Mankato: Mankato State College, 1967) 65; Gerald Monsman, “The Imaginative World of J.R.R. Tolkien,” South Atlantic Quarterly 69 (1970) 265; Reilly 130; Burton Raffel, “The Lord of the Rings as Literature,” Tolkien and the Critics, eds. Neil D. Isaacs and Rose A. Zimbardo (Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 1968) 229; Michael Wood, “Tolkien’s Fictions,” New Society 338 (March 27, 1969) 493; Stimpson 13. 8. Johnston 63; Monsman 265; Marion Zimmer Bradley, “Men Halflings, and Hero Worship,” Tolkien and the Critics, eds. Neil D. Isaacs and Rose A. Zimbardo (Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 176 NOTES 1968) 126; Fuller 18; Monsman 264; Neil D. Isaacs, “On the Possibilities of Writing Tolkien Criticism,” Tolkien and the Critics, eds. Neil D. Isaacs and Rose A. Zimbardo (Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 1968) 4; William Ready, The Tolkien Relation: A Personal Inquiry (Chicago: Henry Regnery Company, 1968) 165; Charles Moorman, “The Shire, Mordor, and Minas Tirith: J.R.R. Tolkien,” The Precincts of Felicity: The Augustinian City of the Oxford Christians (Gainesville: University of Florida Press, 1966) 86; W.D. Emrys Evans, “The Lord of the Rings,” The School Librarian 16 (December 1968) 287; David M. Miller, “The Moral Universe of J.R.R. Tolkien,” The Tolkien Papers, Mankato Studies in English 2 (Mankato: Mankato State College, 1967) 60; Patricia Meyer Spacks, “Power and Meaning in The Lord of the Rings,” Tolkien and the Critics, eds. Neil D. Isaacs and Rose A. Zimbardo (Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 1968) 93; Clyde S. Kilby, “Meaning in The Lord of the Rings,” Shadows of Imagination, ed. Mark R. Hillegas (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1969) 75; Roger Sale, “Tolkien and Frodo Baggins,” Tolkien and the Critics, eds. Neil D. Isaacs and Rose A. Zimbardo (Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 1968) 247, 263 ; Reilly 130; Rose A. Zimbardo, “Moral Vision in The Lord of the Rings,” Tolkien and the Critics, eds. Neil D. Isaacs and Rose A. Zimbardo (Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 1968) 105; Irwin 575; Monsman 271. 9. Spacks 97; M. Wood 493; Francis Huxley, “The Endless Worm,” New Statesman 50 (November 5, 1955) 587; Fuller 22. Cf. Stimpson 43, who finds it Captain Marvelous. 10. D. Hughes 95; Charles Elliott, “Can America Kick the Hobbit? The Tolkien Caper,” Life 62 (February 24, 1967) 10. 11. Edmund Wilson, “Ooo, Those Awful Orcs!” The Bit Between My Teeth: A Literary Chronicle of 1950–1965 (New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 1965) 329; C.B. Cox, “The World of the Hobbits,” The Spectator (December 30, 1966) 844. 12. Raffel 240; Wilson 329; George H. Thomson, “The Lord of the Rings: The Novel as Traditional Romance,” Wisconsin Studies in Contemporary Literature 8 (Winter 1967) 43; W.D. Norwood, “Tolkien’s Intention in The Lord of the Rings,” The Tolkien Papers, Mankato Studies in English 2 (Mankato: Mankato State College, 1967) 23; Harry T. Moore, preface, Shadows of Imagination, ed. Mark R. Hillegas, (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1969) vi; Douglass Parker, “Hwaet We Holbytla,” Hudson Review 9 (Winter 1956–1957) 604; Irwin 568; Stimpson 43; Nat Hentoff, “Critics’ Choices for Christmas,” Commonweal 83 (December 3, 1965) 284; Moorman, “Shire, Mordor” 86; Spacks 82, 99; Parker 598, 609; Wilson 328; Ready, The Tolkien Relation 155; Monsman 271; Hillegas xvii. 13. Miller 60; Kilby 73. NOTES 177 14. Fuller 18; Raffel 229. 15. Parker 607; M. Wood 493. 16. R.A. Schroth, “The Lord of the Rings,” America 116 (February 18, 1967) 254; R. Hughes 408. 17. “Heroic Endeavor,” [London] Times Literary Supplement 27 (August 1954) 541; Wilson 328. 18. Gunnar Urang, “Tolkien’s Fantasy: The Phenomenology of Hope,” Shadows of the Imagination, ed. Mark R. Hillegas (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1969) 107; Spacks 82. 19. Sklar 598; M. Wood 493. 20. M. Wood 493, 492. 21. Earl F. Walbridge, “The Two Towers,” Library Journal 80 (May 15, 1955) 1219; Wilson 331. 22. Spacks 97; Stimpson 18. 23. L.A.C. Strong, “The Pick of the Bunch,” The Spectator (December 3, 1957) 1024; M. Wood 493. 24. Moore vi; Michael Straight, “The Fantastic World of Professor Tolkien,” New Republic 134 (January 16, 1956) 26. 25. Bruce A. Beatie, “Folk Tale, Fiction, and Saga in J.R.R. Tolkien’s The Lord of the Rings,” The Tolkien Papers, Mankato Studies in English 2 (Mankato: Mankato State College, 1967) 3. 26. Cox 844. 27. W.H. Auden, “At the End of the Quest, Victory,” New York Times Book Review (January 22, 1956) 5. 28. Tom Shippey, The Road to Middle-Earth (London: Grafton, 1992) 2. 29. Ready, The Tolkien Relation 41, 78. 30. Tom Shippey, J.R.R. Tolkien: Author of the Century (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2000) 313. 31. Raffel 219, 246. 32. Parker 607, 608. 33. Spacks 98–99. 34. Raffel 220; M. Wood 493. 35. Judy Henry, letter to the editor, New York Times Book Review (November 28, 1965) 79. 36. Wilson 332; Judith Crist, “Why ‘Frodo Lives,’ ” Ladies’ Home Journal 84 (February 1967) 58; M. Wood 492. 37. St i mpson 3. 38. Huxley 588. Ordinary Everyday Magic 1. J.R.R. Tolkien, The Hobbit: Or There and Back Again, 3rd ed. (London: Unwin Books, 1966) 2. Hereafter cited in the text as “H,” thus: H2. To avoid confusion, it has sometimes been necessary to alter British punctuation conventions in quotations from Tolkien’s works to coincide with the general format of this work. British 178 NOTES spelling and Tolkien’s overenthusiastic capitalization have been preserved. 2. Shippey, Road 216. 3. Shippey, Road 216. 4. Good articles on the Tolkien craze include “Don’s Tales Start U.S. Campus Craze,” [London] Times February 12, 1966, 6; Nancy Griffin, “The Fellowship of Hobbitomanes,” San Francisco Examiner and Chronicle December 18, 1966, “This World” section 44, 51; “Tolkien Mythology Comes to Vietnam,” Publisher’s Weekly 192 (September 4, 1967) 24. Among the more stable newsletters and journals are The Green Dragon (Palo Alto) Mallorn (London), The Middle Earthworm (Bristol), Minas Tirith Evening Star (Monmouth, Illinois), Mythlore (Alhambra, California), Orcrist (Madison, Wisconsin), The Tolkien Journal (Center Harbor, New Hampshire). The Tolkien Journal 3:1 (1967) 12–13 gives a comprehensive list. 5. Margery Fisher, Intent upon Reading (Leicester: Brockhampton Press, Ltd., 1961) 85; Crist 58; Fuller 30; Monsman 272. 6. Fisher 85; Urang 97; M. Wood 493; Kilby 76; Beatie 8. 7. E . L. Epstein, “The Novels of J.R.R. Tolkien and the Ethnology of Medieval Christendom,” Philological Quarterly 48 (1969) 517. 8. Stimpson 27; Parker 605. 9. Epstein 522–23; Alexis Levitin, “The Hero in J.R.R. Tolkien’s The Lord of the Rings,” The Tolkien Papers, Mankato Studies in English 2 (Mankato: Mankato State College, 1967) 171. 10. Charles Moorman, “ ‘Now Entertain Conjecture of a Time’—The Fictive Worlds of C.S. Lewis and J.R.R. Tolkien,” Shadows of Imagination, ed. Mark R. Hillegas (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1969) 61. 11. Brian Rosebury, Tolkien: A Critical Assessment (London: Macmillan, 1992) 15. 12. Rosebury, Assessment 15. 13. Mary Quella Kelly, “The Poetry of Fantasy: Verse in The Lord of the Rings,” Tolkien and the Critics, eds. Neil D. Isaacs and Rose A. Zimbardo (Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 1968) 171. 14. Spacks 98, 87 is on both hands. 15. Kilby 75. 16. Paul Edmund Thomas, “Some of Tolkien’s Narrators,” Tolkien’s Legendarium: Essays on the History of Middle-Earth, eds. Verlyn Flieger and Carl F. Hostetter (London: Greenwood Press, 2000) 74. 17. Paul Kocher, “Middle-Earth: Imaginary World?” Understanding The Lord of the Rings, eds. Neil D. Isaacs and Rose A. Zimbardo (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2004) 151. 18. Ready, The Tolkien Relation 6. 19. J.R.R. Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1994) 820. This widely available compact edition, which comprises NOTES 179 Volume I: The Fellowship of the Ring, Volume II: The Two Towers, and Volume III: The Return of the King, will hereafter be cited in the text by page number only. 20. See, for another example, 303; I could discover in the entire work only four such references.