Volume 1997 Article 23 1997 Test Excavations at Prehistoric Site 41SM203, Smith County, Texas Glenn T. Goode Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/ita Part of the American Material Culture Commons, Archaeological Anthropology Commons, Environmental Studies Commons, Other American Studies Commons, Other Arts and Humanities Commons, Other History of Art, Architecture, and Archaeology Commons, and the United States History Commons Tell us how this article helped you. Cite this Record Goode, Glenn T. (1997) "Test Excavations at Prehistoric Site 41SM203, Smith County, Texas," Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State: Vol. 1997, Article 23. https://doi.org/10.21112/ita.1997.1.23 ISSN: 2475-9333 Available at: https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/ita/vol1997/iss1/23 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Center for Regional Heritage Research at SFA ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State by an authorized editor of SFA ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Test Excavations at Prehistoric Site 41SM203, Smith County, Texas Licensing Statement This is a work produced for the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) by the report producer. TxDOT and the report producer jointly own all rights, title, and interest in and to all intellectual property developed under TxDOT’s contract with the report producer. The report may be cited and brief passages from this publication may be reproduced without permission provided that credit is given to both TxDOT and the report producer. Permission to reprint an entire chapter, section, figures or tables must be obtained in advance from either the Supervisor of the Archeological Studies Branch, Environmental Affairs Division, Texas Department of Transportation, 125 East 11th Street, Austin, Texas, 78701 or from the report producer. This article is available in Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State: https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/ita/vol1997/iss1/23 Test Excavations at Prehistoric Site 41SM203, SMITH COUNTY, TEXAS BY Glenn T. Goode December 1997 Archeology Studies Program Cultural Resource Management Section Environmental Affairs Division Texas Department of Transportation Management Summary ......................................................................................................................................................... ix Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................................... 1 Site Description and Environmental Background ................................................................................................................. 3 Site Description ................................................................................................................................................................. 3 Physiography and Geology ............................................................................................................................................ 3 Climate, Paleoenvironment and Biota ............................................................................................................................ 3 Archeological Background .................................................................................................................................................... 7 Cultural Chronology .......................................................................................................................................................... 7 Previous Work ................................................................................................................................................................... 8 Excavation Procedures, Soils and Anomalies ....................................................................................................................... 9 Excavation Procedures ................................................................................................................................................. 9 Soils ................................................................................................................................................................................... 9 Anomalies ...................................................................................................................................................................... 10 Artifact Assemblage .......................................................................................................................................................... 13 Horizontal and Vertical Distribution of Artifacts ........................................................................................................... 13 Lithic Debitage ........................................................................................................................................................... 13 Stone Tools and Ceramics ....................................................................................................................................... 13 Debitage Analysis ............................................................................................................................................................ 13 Material Types ......................................................................................................................................................... 13 Method of Manufacture/Platform and Specimen Completeness ............................................................................... 16 DC 1- 2 (Hard Hammer Method): ............................................................................................................................... 16 DC 3-4 (Soft-Hammer Method) ................................................................................................................................. 16 DC 5-6 (Unknown Method)........................................................................................................................................ 19 DC 7 (Flake Fragments): ............................................................................................................................................ 20 DC 8 (Shatter): .......................................................................................................................................................... 20 Flake Size .................................................................................................................................................................... 20 Cortex.......................................................................................................................................................................... 20 Regional Pattern ........................................................................................................................................................... 20 Other Knapping Methods .............................................................................................................................................. 21 Pressure Flaking ............................................................................................................................................................ 21 Indirect Percussion ........................................................................................................................................................ 21 Hammer/Anvil .............................................................................................................................................................. 21 Stone Tools, Ceramics, Organic Materials and Ferriginous Sandstone........................................................................ 21 Bifacial Artifacts ........................................................................................................................................................... 21 Modified Flake Tools ................................................................................................................................................... 21 Ceramics........................................................................................................................................................................ 22 Ground Stone Artifacts ................................................................................................................................................. 22 Organic Material and Ferruginous Sandstone Fragments ............................................................................................ 22 Aboriginal Activities at Site 41SM203 ............................................................................................................................... 23 Summary and Recommendations ........................................................................................................................................ 25 References Cited ................................................................................................................................................................. 27 Figure 1. USGS topographic map of Site 41 SM203 and vicinity........................................................................................ 2 Figure 2. Site location along proposed S.