E483 Volume 2 Public Disclosure Authorized Proposed Karnataka Rural Water Supply and Environmental Sanitation Project - II (World Bank Assisted) Environmental Analysis Study Public Disclosure Authorized Final Report Submitted by Public Disclosure Authorized Dr. R. PARAMASIVAM Consultant To The Director Project Planning and Monitoring Unit Public Disclosure Authorized Department of Rural Development and Panchayat Raj Government of Karnataka July - 2001 FILECOPY ACKNOWLEDGMENT The Consultant would like to express his grateful thanks to Mr.Rajkamal,IAS, Director, PPMU and Elo Joint Secretary to Govt. of Karnataka, Rural Development & Panchayath Raj Department, Mr. G. V. Abhyankar, Task Manager and Dr. Smita Misra, Environment Specialist of the World Bank, New Delhi for the confidence reposed in him and the opportunity provided to him to undertake the Environmental Analysis Study of the proposed Karnataka Rural Water Supply & Environmental Sanitdtion Project-lI. Special thanks are due to Mr. S. R. Das, HSHE Specialist, PPMU, for his willing cooperation and valuable assistance all through the assignment, especially during the field visits and the public consultations organised in the project districts. The Consultant deeply appreciates the constructive suggestions offered and the efforts put in by Mr. S. R. Das at the time of preparing this EA report. Thanks are also due to Mr. R. S. Phonde, Additional Director, Dr. H. K. Ramaraju, Environmental Engineering Specialist, Mr. Hamid Ahmad, Social Scientist, Mr. Shivalingu,System Analyst and other officers of PPMUfor their co-operation and assistanceduring the course of the assignment. The cooperation extended by M/s.Bhageerath in organising the public consultationsis acknowledged. A special word of thanks to Mr. K. Narayanasamy (Retired Superintending Engineer, iWADBoard), my associatefor his valuable assistance during the course of the EA study. The Consultant would like to thank the fellow consultants engaged in Water Quality Analysis Study, Water Quality Mapping, Social Assessment Study and Sector Analysis Studyfor sharing useful information. The Consultant would like to place on record his appreciationfor the excellent cooperation and assistancefrom the Rural Development Engineering Department, Central Ground Water Board, Mines and Geology Department and the various district/ taluk /GP levelfunctionaries met during the field visits. The Consultant deeply appreciates the active participation, cooperation and valuable suggestionsfrom all the target communities in the pilot districts which made the public consultationsa meaningfuland pleasant experience. Date: July, 2001 R..PARAMASIVAM Coimbatore E A Consultant KRWS&ESP-II Environmental Analysis Study - Final Report CONTENTS Chapter Title Page List of Acronyms Used i List of Tables iii List of Figures v List of Annexures v Executive Summary 1-35 1 Introduction 1.1 Preamble 1.1 1.2 EnvironmentalAnalysis Study 1.2 1.3 Methodology 1.2 1.3.1 Collection and Collation of SecondaryData 1.2 1.3.2 Site Visits to Project Villages 1.2 1.3.3 Public Consultations 1.2 1.3.4 Desk Study 1.3 1.4 Organisation of the Report 1.4 2 Policy, Legal and AdministrativeFramework 2.1 EA Requirementsfor Projects Proposed for IDA Funding 2.1 2.2 National Policy and Guidelines on Environment 2.1 2.2.1 The National Water Policy (1987) 2.1 2.2.2 Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF), Government 2.3 of India Requirements 2.3 State Level Requirements 2.3 2.4 Status of KRWS&ESProject-fl from EnvironmentalAngle 2.4 2.5 Karnataka Policy on Rural Water Supply 2.4 2.5.1 Early Development(1954-1980) 2.4 2.5.2 The Mission Approach 2.6 2.5.3 Policy in the New Millenium 2.7 2.6 Karnataka Legislation on Ground water 2.10 2.7 Emerging Rural Sanitation Policy of Karnataka 2.11 2.8 LegislativeMeasures to Promote Rural Sanitation 2.16 2.9 Rural Water Supply & Sanitation Sector Administration 2.18 2.10 Existing Water Quality Monitoring Systems and Facilities 2.23 3 The Project Setting 3.1 Project Objectives 3.1 3.2 Project Components 3.1 3.3 Project Policy Parameters 3.2 3.4 Project Area 3.4 KRWS&ESP-IIEnvironmental Analysis Study - Final Report Chapter Title Page 3.5 Project Cost 3.4 3.6 Project Period 3.4 4 Baseline EnvironmentalStatus 4.1 Physical Environment 4.1 4.1.1 Location 4.1 4.1.2 Physical Features 4.1 4.1.3 Temperature& Climate 4.4 4.1.4 Rainfall & Drought 4.4 4.1.5 Soils 4.5 4.2 Water Environment 4.6 4.2.1 Water Resource of Karnataka 4.6 4.2.2 Irrigation Systems 4.8 4.2.3 Tank Systems 4.9 4.2.4 Ground Water Resources 4.9 4.2.5 Ground Water Draft 4.10 4.2.6 Ground Water Development 4.12 4.2.7 Ground Water Level Fluctuation 4.16 4.3 Socio-EconomicEnvironment 4.18 4.3.1 Population 4.18 4.3.2 PopulationDensity 4.18 4.3.3 Pattern of Distributionof Rural Habitations 4.19 4.3.4 OccupationalPattern of Rural Households 4.19 4.3.5 State of Economy 4.19 4.3.6 Rural Water Supply 4.22 4.3.7 Rural Sanitationin Karnataka 4.23 4.3.8 Health & Sanitation 4.29 4.4 Baseline Status of Project / Pilot Districts 4.34 4.4.1 Dharwad 4.34 4.4.2 Belgaum 4.44 4.4.3 Gulburga 4.50 4.4.4 Koppal 4.56 4.4.5 Gadag 4.59 4.4.6 Raichur 4.61 4.4.7 Uttara Kannada 4.63 4.5 Water Quality Analysis Study in the Pilot Districts 4.65 4.6 Summary 4.68 4.6.1 Soil Characteristicsin the Pilot Districts 4.68 4.6.2 Ground Water Draft 4.68 4.6.3 Trend in Ground Water Level 4.68 4.6.4 Water Sur-ily Service Level 4.71 KRWS&ESP-IIEnvironmental Analysis Study - Final Report Chapter Title Page 4.6.5 Water Quality Status 4.71 4.6.6 Water-bome and Water-relatedDiseases 4.71 5 Public Consultations 5.1 Preamble 5.1 5.2 Preparatory visits to the Pilot GPs 5.1 5.3 Public ConsultationMeetings 5.2 5.4 Procedure followedfor the Public Consultations 5.3 5.5 Proceedingsof Public ConsultationMeetings 5.3 5.6 Summary 5.8 6 Analysis of Alternatives 6.1 Preamble 6.1 6.2 'Without Project' scenario 6.1 6.3 Alternative I - The KIRWS & ESP 6.2 6.4 Alternative 1- The DANIDA Project 6.6 6.5 The KRWS&ESP-II('Follow-on' Project) 6.7 6.5.1 Project Content & Rules for Participation 6.8 6.5.2 Siting of the 'Follow-on' Project 6.9 6.5.3 SystemComponent Design 6.9 6.5.4 SanitationOptions 6.10 6.6 Summary 6.12 7 Impact Identificationand Analysis 7. Preamble 7.1 i.2 Pre-ConstructionPhase Impacts 7.2 7.3 ConstructionPhase Impacts 7.8 7.4 Operation Phase Impacts 7.9 7.4.1 Positive Impacts 7.9 7.4.2 Potential Negative Impacts 7.11 7.5 Summary 7.12 8 EnvironmentalManagement Plan 8.1 Preamble 8.1 8.2 Key EnvironmentalIssues & Mitigatory Measures 8.1 8.2.1Water Quantity Issues 8.1 8.2.2Water Quality Issues 8.3 8.2.3Household Sanitation & Hygiene Issues 8.4 8.2.4Environmental Sanitation and Hygiene Issues 8.6 8.2.5 Water and SanitationRelated Health Issues 8.7 8.3 Frame Work for Action 8.7 8.4 EnvironmentalManagement Plan 8.9 8.5 EnvironmentalMonitoring and Evaluation 8.9 8.6 InstitutionalStrengthening 8.9 KRWS&ESP-II Environmental Analysis Study - Final Report List of Acronyms Used ADD - Acute Diarrhoeal Diseases BC - Black Cotton BC (Soil) - Black Cotton (Soil) BPL - Below Poverty Line BW - Bore Well CBO - Community Based Organisations CEO - Chief Executive Officer CPO - Chief Planning Officer CRSP - Central Rural Sanitation Programme DANIDA - Danish Intemational Development Agency DH&FWDept. - District Health & Family Welfare Department DHL - District Health Laboratory DPMU - District Project Management Unit DSU - District Support Unit DWCRA - Developmentof Women and Children in Rural Areas EA - EnvironmentalAssessment / Analysis EE - Executive Engineer EIA - EnvironmentalImpact Assessment/ Analysis EMP - Environmental Management Plan FCH - Fully Covered Habitation GE - Gastroenteritis GOI - Govemment of India GOK - Government of Karnataka GP - Gram Panchayat H&FWD - Health & Family Welfare Department Ha.m - Hectare Meter HC - House Connection HH (Latrine) - Household (Latrine) HP - Hand Pump HSHE - Health, Sanitation and Hygiene Education IEC - Infonnation Education Communication JGSY - Jawahar Grama Samruthi Yojana JRY - Jawahar Rojgar Yojana KAP - KnowledgeAttitude Practice KIRWS&ESP - KarnatakaIntegrated Rural Water Supply & Environmental Sanitation Project KLAC - Karnataka Land Army Corporation KRWS&ESP-II - Kamataka Rural Water Supply & Environmental Sanitation Project-Il KRWS&SA - KarnatakaRural Water Supply & Sanitation Agency KSPCB - Kamataka State Pollution Control Board KRWS&ESP-IIEnvironmental Analysis Study - Final Report LPCD - Litters Per Capita per Day LPD - Litters per day MCM / M.cum - Million Cubic meter Mm - Milli Meter MOEF - Ministry of Environment and Forests MWS - Mini Water Supply NAR - Net Amount of Recharge NAU - Net Amount of Utilisation NGO - Non Governmental Organisation NGY - Nirmala Grama Yojana NPBD - National Project on Bio-gas Development NPIC - National Programme for Improved Chulhas O&M - Operation and Maintenance OHT - Over Head Tank OP - Operational Policies PCH - Partially Covered Habitation PHC - Primary Health Centre PliED - Public Health Engineering Department PHI - Public Health Institute PPMU - Project Planning and Monitoring Unit PR - Panchayat Raj PRI - Panchayat Raj Institution PSP - Public Stand Post PWD - Public Works Department PWS - Piped Water Supply RD&PRD - Rural Developmentand Panchayat Raj Department RDED - Rural DevelopmentEngineering Department RGNDWM - Rajiv Gandhi NationalDrinking Water Mission RWSS - Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Sq.km - Square Kilometer SSF - Slow Sand Filter (Filtration) TDS - Total Dissolved Solids ToR - Terins of Reference TP - Taluk Panchayat TPPF - Twin Pit Pour