Bear Necessities <UN> <UN> Bear Necessities Rescue, Rehabilitation, Sanctuary, and Advocacy Edited by Lisa Kemmerer LEIDEN | BOSTON <UN> Cover image: An Andean Bear and a Sun Bear, copyright of Lisa Kemmerer. The bear artwork was created by Rox Corbett. This publication has been typeset in the multilingual “Brill” typeface. With over 5,100 characters covering Latin, ipa, Greek, and Cyrillic, this typeface is especially suitable for use in the humanities. For more information, please see www.brill.com/brill-typeface. isbn 978-90-04-29290-1 (hardback) isbn 978-90-04-29309-0 (e-book) © 2015 by Lisa Kemmerer Koninklijke Brill nv incorporates the imprints Brill, Brill Hes & De Graaf, Brill Nijhoff, Brill Rodopi and Hotei Publishing. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill nv provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, ma 01923, usa. Fees are subject to change. This book is printed on acid-free paper. <UN> Contents List of Contributors viii Introduction 1 Lisa Kemmerer PART I Bear Basics 1 Bear Basics Lisa Kemmerer 17 2 Bear-Aware for Twenty Years Victor Watkins 35 3 Making a Difference for Bears in Asia Amy Corrigan 45 4 Polar Bears: Watching Extinction in Real Time Kassie Siegel and Brendan Cummings 53 PART ii A World of Problems 5 Franzi: Beloved Ambassador for Bears on Bile Farms 63 Jill Robinson 6 Little Bears, Big Trees, Tiny Insects: Protecting Sun Bears and their Rainforest 71 Lisa kemmerer and Siew Te Wong 7 Libearty Sanctuary Zarnesti: Sharing Love and Sheltering Life in Eastern Europe 79 Cristina Lapis 8 9,540,000 Square Miles, 800,000 American Black Bears, 3 Rescues 90 Charlotte Lorraine Cressey 9 Failing Giant Pandas: Captive Breeding and Conservation 99 Sarah M. Bexell <UN> vi contents 10 Bear Baiting in Pakistan 108 Fakhar -i- Abbas 11 Dirty Dancing: Caring for Sloth Bears in India 116 Lisa Kemmerer 12 Sliding Down Mountainsides on My Butt in Search of the Elusive Andean Bear 128 Dalma Zsalakó 13 Finding Enrico: Protecting Andean Bears and their Habitat 136 Lisa Kemmerer, Kerry Fugett and Simona Kobel PART iii Policy 14 Brown Bears, Salmon, People: Traveling Upstream to a Sustainable Future 149 Chris Darimont, Kyle Artelle, Heather Bryan, Chris Genovali, Misty MacDuffee and Paul Paquet 15 Cleaning up a Community for Black Bears 165 Mick Webb 16 u.s. Wildlife Agencies: Outdated, Misguided, and Destructive 172 Lisa Kemmerer 17 The Assignment: Breaking Laws to Build Laws on behalf of Lake Tahoe’s Black Bears 184 Ann Bryant 18 A Grizzly Battle: Government Agencies, Endangered Species, and the U.S. Legal System 192 Tara Zuardo 19 Panda Preservation 2.0: Shifting Gears to Save a Species 205 Anna Beech and Marc Brody <UN> contents vii PART iv Bears and Beyond 20 Canary in the Arctic 215 Lisa Kemmerer 21 Bears, Birds, and Human Hubris: Imagining Bears in the Andes 224 Thomas Regele 22 The Damage and Hope of Total Institutions: Visiting a Bear Sanctuary in Cambodia 231 Lisa Kemmerer and Daniel Kirjner 23 Bear Naked: Compassion and Wilderness 238 Dana Medoro x Inde 247 <UN> List of Contributors Lisa Kemmerer is a philosopher-activist dedicated to working against powers of oppression, whether on behalf of the environment, nonhuman animals, or disempowered human beings. Her books include In Search of Consistency: Ethics and Animals; Animals and World Religions; Sister Species: Women, Animals, and Social Justice; Call to Compassion: Reflections on Animal Advocacy and World Religions; Speaking Up for Animals: An Anthology of Women’s Voices; and Primate People: Saving Nonhuman Primates through Education, Advocacy, and Sanctuary. Kemmerer has hiked, biked, kayaked, backpacked, and traveled widely— including more than a year in Asia. She is currently associate professor of phi- losophy and religions at Montana State University Billings. You can see all of her books at lisakemmerer.com. Victor Watkins has worked on a variety of animal welfare issues for the World Society for the Protection of Animals (wspa) over the past 30 years. Most of his efforts have been concentrated on wildlife protection, and he is currently wspa’s Wildlife Advisor. In 1992 Watkins initiated the world’s first international bear protec- tion campaign (called the Libearty Campaign), through which he developed the concept of forested bear sanctuaries, which enabled authorities world- wide to confiscate illegally held bears. He is the author of Bear Sanctuary (www.bearsanctuary.com), rich with stories (and photos) from Libearty Bear Sanctuary in Romania. Amy Corrigan is Director of Education and Cruelty-Free Living Campaigns and Zoo Animal Welfare Researcher for acres (Animal Concerns Research & Education Society), a Singapore-based animal protection charity (http://www.acres.org.sg), where she has worked since 2005. acres, which runs campaigns both in Singapore and throughout Asia to improve animal welfare and work towards the eradication of animal abuse, is currently working to establish a bear rescue centre in Lao pdr. Previously, Amy spent three years in Thailand as Director of the Wildlife Friends of Thailand Rescue Centre, working with victims of the exotic pet trade and the tourism industry. Kassie Siegel Director of the Center for Biological Diversity’s Climate Law Institute, is a graduate of the University of California Berkeley School of Law, and campaigns <UN> list of contributors ix for the protection of plants and animals imperiled by climate change and for the reduction of greenhouse gas pollution. Together with Brendan Cummings, she wrote and litigated the legal petition that resulted in Endangered Species Act protection for the polar bear in 2008. Brendan Cummings is Senior Counsel at the Center for Biological Diversity, where he focuses on litigation for the protection of endangered species. Originally from Los Angeles, Cummings is a graduate of the University of California Berkeley School of Law. He currently lives in Joshua Tree, California. Jill Robinson British-born Jill Robinson (MBE, Dr. med. vet. h.c.) is founder and ceo of Animals Asia Foundation in Hong Kong (www.animalsasia.org). In 1993, as a consultant for the International Fund for Animal Welfare, Jill visited a bear farm in southern China, undercover, and found endangered Asiatic black bears in cages so small they could not stand or turn around, with rusty, filthy catheters—leaking bile—protruding from their bellies. On that day, Jill made it her mission to end the trade in bear bile for traditional medicines. In part- nership with the authorities, Animals Asia has built sanctuaries and rescued hundreds of bears in China and Vietnam, and continues to work to close down the bear bile industry. Siew Te Wong Malaysian wildlife biologist Siew Te Wong, born in Penang, Malaysia, has been studying and working on behalf of sun bear conservation since 1998. He com- pleted his B. Sc. and M. Sc. at the University of Montana, in the United States. He has been a fellow with the Flying Elephants Foundation, and was co-chair of the Sun Bear Expert Team with the International Union for Conservation of Nature Species Survival Commission (iucn/ssc) Bear Specialist Group. He is currently a member of three iucn/ssc Specialist Groups, and is the ceo of the Bornean Sun Bear Conservation Centre (www.bsbcc.org.my), which he founded in 2008 in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo. Christina Lapis Born and raised in Brasov, Romania, Christina Lapis studied foreign trade at University of Bucharest, then worked as an editor for a literature magazine, and took a job in tourism, until she immigrated to Germany, where she met her French husband. The couple relocated to Romania after the revolution, and created Libearty Bear Sanctuary (www.milioanedeprieteni.org). Lapis’ has always been sensitive to the suffering of nonhuman animals. Faith is central to <UN> x list of contributors her love and care for all creatures. Lapis is Christian and a vegan who believes it is wrong to kill or manipulate God’s creatures. Charlotte Lorraine Cressey is an animal rights activist and educator, Chopra-Center Certified Meditation Instructor, creator of Earth Energy Yoga® (www.CharlotteCressey.com), fem- inist, student of Women and Gender Studies at University of Massachusetts, Dartmouth, lover of life, and enthusiast for the many benefits of a vegan lifestyle. Her concern for animals began at three years old, when she refused to eat meat after learning that it had once a been a living being. She has six years of experience volunteering with wild animals at Wildlife Rescue and Rehabil itation in Illinois. Cressey believes in the revolutionary power of love and challenges the tendency to believe that cruelty is natural in the world. Through her presentations, meditation, and yoga classes she assists people in unearthing the infinite wellspring of joy, love, compassion, and wisdom within. She views veganism, meditation, and yoga as part of a larger goal to create a peaceful, harmonious existence for humans, animals, and the Earth. Sarah M. Bexell Born in Minnesota (u.s.), Sarah M. Bexell has worked for wildlife conservation for twenty-two years, and for giant pandas for thirteen years. She works both at the Institute for Human-Animal Connection at the University of Denver (http://www.humananimalconnection.org/index.htm) and at the Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding (Panda Base, www.panda.org.cn, estab- lished in 1987). Bexell lives half of each year in China, where she designs con- servation interventions through education, training staff, grant writing, and facilitating international collaboration.