Brigham Young University BYU ScholarsArchive Theses and Dissertations 1952-06-01 The Taxonomy of Utah orthoptera with notes on distribution Andrew H. Barnum Brigham Young University - Provo Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd Part of the Life Sciences Commons BYU ScholarsArchive Citation Barnum, Andrew H., "The Taxonomy of Utah orthoptera with notes on distribution" (1952). Theses and Dissertations. 7622. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/7622 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. THE TAXONOMY OF UTAH ORTHOP'J.'ERA WI'.l'H NOTES ON DISTRIBU'l'ION A Thesis submitted to the Department of Zoology and Entomology ot Brigham YOWJg U'ninraity In paJ"tial fulfillment ot the requirements tor the degree ot 1111.ater ot Arte by Andrew H. Barnum June 1962 This thesia by Andrew H. Barnwa is accepted 1n its present t'Ol"Dl by the Special Theaia Comnd:ttee a.a aatisfying the thed1 requirements tor ine degree ot ltaater or Arte. Signed 11 A theaia represents the combined efforts ot ma111inrliT1duala and groupa, many ot whom ha'Ye nner seen the completed product wt haYe rendered aasietanoe in some way to make its OOJn.pletionpo•sible. .Appreciation ia therefore extended to theee individuals for the assistance rendered. Appreciation is especially extended to Dr. Vasoo u. Tanner., head of: the Department of zoology and i,"lltomology of the Brigham Young University, under whose guidanoe and personal work a oolleotion of O:rthoptera was built up and which has been turned into the moat outstanding collection ill the state of Utah. Not only did nr. Tanner auggeat the problea but he has ■ el"Yed as chairman ot the Special Thesis Committee, and as ■uoh gave freely or hie time and knowledge in directing the research. Appreoiation ii allo extended to nr. Wilmer w. Tanner who aened as Committee Member and who made suggestions and oontributiona as the work progree ■ ed. l wieh aleo to thank Dr. D Elden Beak tor his interest 1n the problem and his auggeationa and oritioiama on the drawings and format of' the I am also grateful to those students and teachers both past and present who have spent countless hours in building up the oolleotion. With• out the efforts ot these collectors thia research would not have been made poHible. A oolleotion without accurate taxonomic determinations is ot no Talue. To those authorities in the field ot orthopterology- who had previously given or their time, lam appreciative. iii Finally .. I wish to thank Dr. George F. Knowlton ot the Utah state Agricultural College for permitting rne to examine the orthoptera in the entomological oolleot1on of the late W. W. Henderson. iT TABLE OF CO:trrEN'l'S Page • • • • • • •••• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •••• 1 CERTIFICATE OF ACCEPTA!mE • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ii • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ••••••• • • • • iU. fABLE OF CONTEN!S • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • v LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS• • •. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • vii INTRODOOTIOB• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ••• • • • • • • • • • • l HISTORY OF UTAHORTHOP'l'EROLOGY • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ••• • • • Orthoptera ueed as Food • • • • • •. •. • • • • • • • •. • 4 Early outbreak• of Orthoptera • •• • •••••••• •. •. , Early Entomology in Utah.•.• •••• • • •••••••• • 6 Colleoting ot Orthoptera in Utah ••••••••••• •. •. T • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 11 Wingless and Vestigial•W1nged. Orthoptera ••• • •. • •• • • 14 Coloration ••••••••••••• • • • •••••••• • • 16 LIFE HISTORY'• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 18 COLLECTINGAND HOtmfIBG • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ECONOOCIMPORTANCE • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ••••••• 22 Control ••• • ••••••••••••••••••••••• 21 Natural Enemies • • • •••••• • • •••• • •••••• • 29 CLASSIFICATION•• • • • • •. • • • • • • • • • • • • •. • • • • • • SO Uae of the X-.rs • • • ••••• • • • • • •••••••••• 81 Key to the Families of Orthoptera. ••••••• • •• •. •. 12 FAMILYBLATTIDAE • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . .. •· .. • • • • • Key to the Blattidae ot Utah ••••••••••• • •• • • • 36 Subfamily Blatt1na• ••••••••••• • •• • •••••• 37 Subf'uiily l'yotoborinae ••• •. • •••• • •• • • •• • •. 4:0 Subfamily Panohlorinae • •• • •• • • •••••• • •••• • 40 Subfuily Polyphaginae •••••••••••••• • ••••• '1 T Page • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• 42 ley to the Mantia• of Utah • • •••• • •••• • • • • • • 43 Subfamily Amelinae • • • •. • • • • • • • • ••• • • • • • • 4! Subfamily Ua.ntina.e •• • ••••• • ••••••• • • • •• • 44 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • .... • • • • • • • 47 Xay to the Phasmidae or Utah • • .. • • • • • ...... • ••.• 48 Subfamily Pa.ohymorphinae ••••••••••• • ••••••• 48 Subfam.iq Hoteronemiinae ••••••••••••••••••• 50 FAMILYTETRIGIDAE • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 51 Key to the fetrigid.ae ot Utah ••••• • • ••••••• • • 54 Subta.mily Tetr1g1nae ••••••••••••••••••••• 66 FAMILYACRIDIDAB • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 81 tey to the Aoridicae or Utah ••••••••••••••••• 82 Subfamly Uoraeinae •• • • • • • • • • •. • • •• • • • • • 78 Subfud.l.)r Aoridinae •• • •. • • • • • • • • • •. • • •. • 19 Subfam1l)r Oed1pod1nae • • • ••••••• • •••••••• 100 Subfamily Romaleinae •• • •••• • •• • ••••• • ••• 141 Subfamily Cyrtaoanthao:rinae ••• • ............. 14:S FAMILYT!lff IGOWIIDAE• • • • • • • • ••• • • • • • • • • • • • • • 181 Key to the rett 1goni1da.e of Utah • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 182 Subfamily Phane:ropterinae • • ••••• • • • •• • ..... 187 Subfamily Conooephalinae •••••••••••••••••• 190 Sub.t'aml;y Tettigoniinae • •., • • • ••• • • • • • • • • • 192 Subfamily Stenopelm.tillae ••••••• • ......... • 199 Subfamily Rhaphidophorinae • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 200 FAMILYGRYLLIDAE • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 211 Key to the Geyllidae of Utah. • • • • •. • • • • • • • • • 212 Sub!'U1ily Gryllinae • • • • • • •• • • •., • • •. • • • • 213 Subfamily Hemobiinae • • •. • • • • • • •., • •. • • • • • lJ& Subfamily Mogoplistin&e ••• • •• • ••••• •. •. • • 21T Subfmily Jqrineoophilinae ••••••••••• • ••••• 217 Subfamily Oeoanthinae ••• • • •• • • • ••••• • ••• 218 . .. .. 221 APH!lIDtl I. GLOSSAIT • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 121 LITERATUREOITED • • • • • • • • •, • • • • • • • • • • •••• • • 228 Plate Page I. Dorsal and lateral aspeot of XanthipfU& oo�a111P,!s corallipea Hald ••••••••••. • ••• • • • • • •.• • 11 II. Morphology of Blattidae, Kti.ntidae, f.ntl Phe.Hu.tlae. • • • • • • 62 III. Morphology of Aerididae. • • • • • • •• • • • • •• • • • • • 101 IV. Morphology ot Cyrtaoanthaorinae. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 180 v. Morphology ot Tett1gon11da•• •••• • • • • • • • • • • • • • 210 Tii INTRODUCTIOB To an entomologist• the Orthoptera. 1 1a in a state ot contusion with reepeot to the available liten.ture. Work haa been don•• s.nd i• now being done on the orthopterl!Ul fauna• but manuals tor 14ent1f'ioat1on ot most speoiea are not e:ve.ilable tor all seotione or the country. Bxolueive ot a fflfl U.lll• 1ted groups, Utah 1a aJnong the area ■ that has no complete keys tor tuonOllie workers• In biologioal :bweetigationa identit'ioatlon is essential t fhe apeoies being studied mtst be definitely k:nowJ fhe p2<iary purpose ot thia study• theretor•• ia to 11st the Utah Orthoptera and prOYid.e the keya necessary to their oritioal atudy. The eynonomy ot many species ot Orthoptera adds to the confusion. The most commonoauses of aynonos:, ar,u (l) the b:rief descriptions ot the early known American species '1.11European writers or early American writeraJ (2) the varia.tion in the length ot the tegmina and wings, and (3) the varia• tion in colOJ". ).~ ot the early type specimens are now destroyed and revisionists can merely assume that the speoi.msn e,::isted. The purpose ot this paper 11 to reotit;y some or this confusion, and as an a.id thereto, each species tound in Utah is discussed separately• Thie individual diaousaion includes the tollowing 1 (l) the aoient1f1o name and ooJIDlon name, it known by a. oommon naJneJ (2) the reference to the original 1.rhe order Orthoptera conaiats ot 'the roaches, praying mantid.•• walk:ing•atioka, graaahoppers or locusts, and oriokete (aft section on clasa• itioat ion, following)• As originally separa tad, it included the e&J'W'igs, but 1n 1894 Com•tock, 1n hi• Manual tor the studz ot Insects, considered it a 1eparate order (Dermaptera). !n tlilii' mangementtliere Jiis been a oon- s1derable tollowing, but the separation is not unanimous with orthopterists. ID thi• study the Dermaptera ha•e not been included. l 2 description ot the apeoiea1 (3) the synonOII\Ythat has been eatablbhed1 ( 4) the preYiou ■ published reoord•1 {5) th• reool"d1 tr01.nthe Brigham Young University ent0111olog1oal oolleotion, with some additional loealitiea troa the entOllologioa.l oolleotion at the utah State Agrioultural College, (8) • description or the salient features, including measurement, in mill!.meter11 2 (?) the ecology and eoonondo importance where it has been worked out, and. I (8) • summary ot distribution. The data a.re condensed, but, with the keys, should enable identification of the apeoiea. The geographical and ecolog-,._,_ 1oal distributions aa discussed ~or each &peoiea