Faunistic diversity of Vrachanski Balkan Nature Park ZooNotes Supplement 3 Dimitar Bechev and Dilian Georgiev Editors Университетско издателство “Паисий Хилендарски” Plovdiv University Press “Paisii Hilendarski” FAUNISTIC DIVERSITY OF VRACHANSKI BALKAN NATURE PARK ȂǮȁǻǶǿȀǶȅǻǼǾǮǵǻǼǼǯǾǮǵǶdzǻǮ ǽǾǶǾǼDzdzǻǽǮǾǸǰǾǮȅǮǻǿǸǶǯǮǹǸǮǻ ZooNotes Supplement 3 ȂǮȁǻǶǿȀǶȅǻǼ ǾǮǵǻǼǼǯǾǮǵǶdzǻǮǽǾǶǾǼDzdzǻ ǽǮǾǸǰǾǮȅǮǻǿǸǶǯǮǹǸǮǻ DzȖȚȖȠȨȞǯȓȥȓȐȖDzȖșȭțDZȓȜȞȑȖȓȐ ǾȓȒȎȘȠȜȞȖ ȁțȖȐȓȞȟȖȠȓȠȟȘȜȖȕȒȎȠȓșȟȠȐȜ´ǽȎȖȟȖȗȃȖșȓțȒȎȞȟȘȖµ ǽșȜȐȒȖȐ ZooNotes Supplement 3 FAUNISTIC DIVERSITY OF VRACHANSKI BALKAN NATURE PARK Dimitar Bechev and Dilian Georgiev Editors 3ORYGLY8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV´3DLVLL+LOHQGDUVNLµ 3ORYGLY FAUNISTIC DIVERSITY OF VRACHANSKI BALKAN NATURE PARK. 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(FRORJLFDOFKDUDFWHULVWLFVRIWKHPDLQULYHUFDWFKPHQWVLQ9UDFKDQVND 3ODQLQD0RXQWDLQV«« =ODWR]DU%2(9 3DOHRELRGLYHUVLW\RIWKH9UDFKDQVND3ODQLQD0RXQWDLQVLQWKH9LOODIUDQFKLDQ DFDVHVWXG\RIWKH9DUVKHWV 'ROQR2]LURYR (DUO\3OHLVWRFHQHORFDOLW\RIIRVVLO IDXQDDQGIORUD«« 'LPLWDU%(&+(9$QHOLD672-$129$$QHOL\D3$9/29$,YDQNDPOPOVA )DXQLVWLFGLYHUVW\RI9UDFKDQNL%DONDQ1DWXUH3DUN««««« ǿȨȒȨȞȔȎțȖȓ ǽȞȓȒȑȜȐȜȞ DzȖȚȖȠȨȞǯdzȅdzǰDzȖșȭțDZdzǼǾDZǶdzǰ DZȓȜȑȞȎȢȟȘȖȜȟȜȏȓțȜȟȠȖțȎǰȞȎȥȎțȟȘȎȝșȎțȖțȎ ǵșȎȠȘȎDzǶǺǶȀǾǼǰǮ ǽȞȓȑșȓȒțȎȐȖȒȜȐȓȠȓȜȠȠȖȝ$FDQWKRFHSKDODȟȨȜȏȧȓțȖȜȠǰȞȎȥȎțȟȘȎ ȝșȎțȖțȎ DzȖșȭțDZdzǼǾDZǶdzǰ ǿșȎȒȘȜȐȜȒțȖȠȓȚȓȘȜȠȓșȖțȎǽȞȖȞȜȒȓțȝȎȞȘǰȞȎȥȎțȟȘȖǯȎșȘȎț ǶȐȎȗșȜDzdzDzǼǰȁșȞȖȣȆǻdzǽǮȀȂȎȏȖȎǸțȓȥȠșȓDZǹǼDZdzǾ ǽȞȖțȜȟȘȨȚȖȕȡȥȎȐȎțȓȠȜțȎȟȡȣȜȕȓȚțȖȠȓȜȣșȬȐȖ 0ROOXVFD *DVWURSRGD țȎǰȞȎȥȎțȟȘȎȝșȎțȖțȎ ǶȐȎțǽǮǻDzȁǾǿǸǶǮȝȜȟȠȜșǮǽǼǿȀǼǹǼǰ ǾȎȘȜȜȏȞȎȕțȖ &UXVWDFHD ȜȠȝȜȒȕȓȚțȖȠȓȐȜȒȖțȎǰȞȎȥȎțȟȘȎȝșȎțȖțȎ ǰȖȘȠȜȞȂdzȀǮșȓȘȟȖǽǼǽǼǰ ǿȘȜȞȝȖȜțȨȠțȎǰȞȎȥȎțȟȘȎȠȎȝșȎțȖțȎ ȃȞȖȟȠȜDzdzǹȅdzǰǿȠȜȭțǹǮǵǮǾǼǰ ǽȎȭȤȖȜȠǰȞȎȥȎțȟȘȎȝșȎțȖțȎ $UDFKQLGD$UDQHDH DzȖșȭțDZdzǼǾDZǶdzǰ ǽȡȏșȖȘȡȐȎțȖȒȎțțȖȕȎȟȡȣȜȕȓȚțȖȠȎȞȒȖȑȞȎȒȖ 7DUGLJUDGD +HWHURWDUGLJUDGD(XWDUGLJUDGD ȜȠǽȞȖȞȜȒȓțȝȎȞȘǰȞȎȥȎțȟȘȖ ǯȎșȘȎț ȍțȘȎǰǶDzǶǻǼǰǮǹȬȏȜȚȖȞǸdzǻDzdzǾǼǰ dzȒțȜȒțȓȐȘȖ (SKHPHURSWHUD,QVHFWD ȜȠǰȞȎȥȎțȟȘȎȠȎȝșȎțȖțȎ ǮțȓșȖȭǽǮǰǹǼǰǮDzȖȚȖȠȨȞǯdzȅdzǰ ǰȜȒțȖȘȜțȥȓȠȎ 2GRQDWD ȜȠǰȞȎȥȎțȟȘȎȝșȎțȖțȎ««««««« ǰȖȜșȓȠȎȀȌȂdzǸȅǶdzǰǮǰȓȟȓșȎdzǰȀǶǺǼǰǮǹȬȏȜȚȖȞǸdzǻDzdzǾǼǰ ǽȓȞșȖ 3OHFRSWHUD,QVHFWD ȜȠǰȞȎȥȎțȟȘȎȝșȎțȖțȎ ǮșȓȘȟȖǽǼǽǼǰDzȞȎȑȎțȅǼǯǮǻǼǰ ǽȞȎȐȜȘȞȖșȖȠȓțȎȟȓȘȜȚȖ 2UWKRSWHUD ȣșȓȏȎȞȘȖȠȓ %ODWWRGHD Ȗ ȏȜȑȜȚȜșȘȖȠȓ 0DQWRGHD țȎǰȞȎȥȎțȟȘȎȠȎȝșȎțȖțȎ ȍțȎǽdzȀǾǼǰǮdzȐȑȓțȖȅdzȃǹǮǾǼǰDzȓțȖȟDZǾǮDzǶǻǮǾǼǰ ǿȘȎȞȎȏȓȜȖȒțȖȏȞȨȚȏȎȞȖ &ROHRSWHUD6FDUDEDHRLGHD ȜȠǰȞȎȥȎțȟȘȎȠȎ ȝșȎțȖțȎȖǽȞȖȞȜȒȓțȝȎȞȘǰȞȎȥȎțȟȘȖǯȎșȘȎț DzȖȚȖȠȨȞǯdzȅdzǰǮțȓșȖȭǽǮǰǹǼǰǮ ǯȞȨȚȏȨȞȖșȖȟȠȜȭȒȖ &ROHRSWHUD&KU\VRPHOLGDH țȎǰȞȎȥȎțȟȘȎ ȝșȎțȖțȎ ǰȓȞȎǮǻȀǼǻǼǰǮǮșȏȓțȎǹǮǽdzǰǮDZȊǼǻǼǰǮDzȖțȖȟDZǾǮDzǶǻǮǾǼǰ ǺȞȎȐȘȖ +\PHQRSWHUD)RUPLFLGDH ȜȠǰȞȎȥȎțȟȘȎȝșȎțȖțȎ ǰȓȟȓșȎdzǰȀǶǺǼǰǮǰȖȜșȓȠȎȀȌȂdzǸȅǶdzǰǮǹȬȏȜȚȖȞǸdzǻDzdzǾǼǰ ǾȡȥȓȗțȖȤȖ 7ULFKRSWHUD,QVHFWD ȜȠǰȞȎȥȎțȟȘȎȝșȎțȖțȎ DzȖȚȖȠȨȞǯdzȅdzǰǮțȓșȖȭǽǮǰǹǼǰǮ DZȨȏțȖȘȜȚȎȞȖ 'LSWHUD%ROLWRSKLOLGDH'LDGRFLGLLGDH'LWRP\LLGDH .HURSODWLGDHDQG0\FHWRSKLOLDGH ȜȠǰȞȎȥȎțȟȘȎȝșȎțȖțȎ DzȖȎțȎDZǮǻdzǰǮ ǸȜțȟȘȖȚȡȣȖ 'LSWHUD7DEDQLGDH ȜȠǰȞȎȥȎțȟȘȎȝșȎțȖțȎ ǽȓȠȨȞǯdzǾǼǻ ǿȡȣȜȕȓȚțȖȠȓȝȓȧȓȞțȖȏȓȕȑȞȨȏțȎȥțȖȐȨȐǰȞȎȥȎțȟȘȎȝșȎțȖțȎ ǯȜȞȖȟșȎȐǻǮȁǺǼǰǻȖȘȜșȎȗȄǮǻǸǼǰǸȞȎȟȖȚȖȞDzǼǻȅdzǰǯȜȭțǽdzȀǾǼǰ ǮțȒȞȓȗǿȀǼȍǻǼǰDZȓȜȞȑȖǽǼǽDZdzǼǾDZǶdzǰǶȐȓșȖțǺǼǹǹǼǰ ǰșȎȒȖȚȖȞǯdzȆǸǼǰ ȃȓȞȝȓȠȜȢȎȡțȎȠȎ $PSKLELD 5HSWLOLD țȎǰȞȎȥȎțȟȘȎȝșȎțȖțȎ² ǰȖȒȜȐȟȨȟȠȎȐȞȎȕȝȞȜȟȠȞȎțȓțȖȓȖȜȝȎȕȐȎțȓ DZȓȜȞȑȖǿȀǼȍǻǼǰǸȞȎȟȖȚȖȞDzǼǻȅdzǰ ǽȠȖȤȖȠȓțȎǽȞȖȞȜȒȓțȝȎȞȘǰȞȎȥȎțȟȘȖǯȎșȘȎț ǻȓȒȘȜǻdzDzȍǹǸǼǰǷȜȞȒȎțǸǼȆdzǰ ǰȖȒȜȐȟȨȟȠȎȐȖȘȜțȟȓȞȐȎȤȖȜțȓțȟȠȎȠȡȟțȎȒȞȓȏțȖȠȓȏȜȕȎȗțȖȤȖ 0DPPDOLD(ULQDFHRPRUSKD6RULFRPRUSKD/DJRPRUSKD5RGHQWLD țȎ ǰȞȎȥȎțȟȘȎȝșȎțȖțȎ DzȖșȭțDZdzǼǾDZǶdzǰ dzȒȞȖȠȓȏȜȕȎȗțȖȤȖ &DUQLYRUD$UWLRGDFW\OD țȎǰȞȎȥȎțȟȘȎȝșȎțȖțȎ ǿȐȓȠȜȟșȎȐȅdzȆǺdzDzǴǶdzǰǹȬȏȜȚȖȞǸdzǻDzdzǾǼǰȀȖȣȜȚȖȞǿȀdzȂǮǻǼǰ ǽșȎȚȓțǶǰǮǻǼǰǰȓȟȓșȎdzǰȀǶǺǼǰǮȍțȘȎǰǶDzǶǻǼǰǮǰȖȜșȓȠȎ ȀȌȂdzǸȅǶdzǰǮȀȓȜȒȜȞȎȀdzǼȂǶǹǼǰǮ dzȘȜșȜȑȖȥțȎȣȎȞȎȘȠȓȞȖȟȠȖȘȎțȎȜȟțȜȐțȖȠȓȞȓȥțȖȐȜȒȜȟȏȜȞȖȐȨȐ ǰȞȎȥȎțȟȘȎȝșȎțȖțȎ ǵșȎȠȜȕȎȞǯǼdzǰ ǽȎșȓȜȏȖȜȞȎȕțȜȜȏȞȎȕȖȓȠȜțȎǰȞȎȥȎțȟȘȎȝșȎțȖțȎȝȞȓȕȐȖșȎȢȞȎțȘȎ ȝȞȖȚȓȞțȜȖȕȟșȓȒȐȎțȓțȎȞȎțțȜȝșȓȗȟȠȜȤȓțȟȘȜȠȜțȎȣȜȒȖȧȓǰȨȞȦȓȤ DzȜșțȜǼȕȖȞȜȐȜ țȎȢȜȟȖșțȎȢȎȡțȎȖȢșȜȞȎ DzȖȚȖȠȨȞǯdzȅdzǰǮțȓșȖȭǿȀǼȍǻǼǰǮǮțȓșȖȭǽǮǰǹ2ǰǮǶȐȎțȘȎǽǼǽǼǰǮ ȂȎȡțȖȟȠȖȥțȜȞȎȕțȜȜȏȞȎȕȖȓțȎǽȞȖȞȜȒȓțȝȎȞȘǰȞȎȥȎțȟȘȖǯȎșȘȎț Foreword 7KLVLVVXHZDVSXEOLVKHGE\WKH'LUHFWLRQRI9UDFKDQVNL%DONDQ1DWXUH3DUNDQG =RR1RWHVMRXUQDO,WLQFOXGHVIDXQLVWLFSDSHUVFRQFHUQLQJYDULRXVDQLPDOJURXSVIURP WKLV LQWHUHVWLQJ DUHD RI %XOJDULD 7KH SDSHUV VXPPDUL]H ERWK DOUHDG\ SXEOLVKHG GDWD DQG RULJLQDO ZRUNV DERXW UHFHQW VSHFLHV RI $FDQWKRFHSKDOD DTXDWLF *DVWURSRGD DQG %LYDOYLD WHUUHVWULDO *DVWURSRGD &UXVWDFHD 6FRUSLRQHV $UDQHDH 7DUGLJUDGD (SKHPHURSWHUD 2GRQDWD 3OHFRSWHUD 2UWKRSWHUD %ODWWRGHD 0DQWRGHD 6FDUDEDHRLGHD &KU\VRPHOLGDH )RUPLFLGDH 7ULFKRSWHUD %ROLWRSKLOLGDH 'LDGRFLGLLGDH 'LWRP\LLGDH .HURSODWLGDH0\FHWRSKLOLDGH7DEDQLGDHWHUUHVWULDOOFDYHLQYHUWHEUDWHG3LVFHV$PSKLELD 5HSWLOLD$YHVDQG0DPPDOLDDQGDERXWVRPHIRVVLOWD[DWRR The Editors ǽȞȓȒȑȜȐȜȞ ȀȎȐȎȟȨȐȚȓȟȠțȜȖȕȒȎțȖȓțȎDzȖȞȓȘȤȖȭțȎȝȞȖȞȜȒȓțȝȎȞȘǰȞȎȥȎțȟȘȖǯȎșȘȎțȖ 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(Eds.), Faunistic diversity of Vrachanski Balkan Nature Park. ZooNotes, Supplement 3, Plovdiv University Press, Plovdiv, 2016 Geographic features of Vrachanska Planina Mountains DIMITAR BECHEV, DILIAN GEORGIEV Situation, relief, climate, soils Vrachanska Planina Mts. is situated in North-Western Bulgaria (Fig. 1), north of the main chain of Stara Planiana Mts. with which is connected by the so called Druzhevska 6HGORYLQD5LGJH QHDU'UX]KHYRYLOODJH ,WLVGHÀQHGE\WKH9UDFKDQVNR3ROH/RZODQGWR the north and north-east, and by Botunya and Bela Rivers to the west and by Iskar River WRWKHVRXWK/RZHVWSDUWVRIWKHPRXQWDLQDUHRIDURXQGPDOWLWXGHDQGKLJKHVWSHDN LV%HJOLFKND0RJLODZLWKPDOW 7KHPDLQSDUWRIWKHPRXQWDLQLVDSURWHFWHGDUHDWKH9UDFKDQVNL%DONDQ1DWXUH 3DUN KD DQGDOVRWKH9UDFKDQVNL.DUVW5HVHUYH KD 7KH UHOLHI RI WKH PRXQWDLQ LV FRPSOH[ 7ZR PDLQ PHGLXP VL]HG ULYHUV /HYD DQG &KHUQD DQGDYDULHW\RIVPDOOHURQHVDQGPDQ\VWUHDPVDUHIRUPLQJGHHSJRUJHV7KH XSSHU URFN OD\HUV DUH FRQVLVWHG E\ WULDVVLF MXUDVVLF DQG FUHWDFHRXV OLPHVWRQH DQG dolomites which are forming cliffs, mesas, tors, stone runs and surface karst formations. Vrachanska Planina is one of the richest areas on caves in Bulgaria. There are over WKDQ GLIIHUHQW FDYHV DQG SRWKROHV ZLWK P PD[LPDO GHSWK DQG P OHQJWK %HURQ 0DLQVRLOW\SHVRIWKHPRXQWDLQDUH'LVWULF(XWULF&DPELVROV*UD\/XYLVROVDQG Rendzinas. 7KHFOLPDWHRIWKHUHJLRQLVWHPSHUDWH Flora and vegetation %DVLFVWXGLHVRQWKHÁRUDRI9UDFKDQVND3ODQLQDDUHWKRVHRI8UXPRY $KWDURY DQG RQ WKH YHJHWDWLRQ ² RI 9HOFKHY $OO LQIRUPDWLRQ SXEOLVKHG RQ KLJKHU SODQWV ZLWKRXW EU\RSKLWHV FRQFHUQLQJ 9UDFKDQVNL