www.rersearch-chronicler.com Research Chronicler ISSN-2347-503X International Multidisciplinary Research journal Research Chronicler A Peer-Reviewed Refereed and Indexed International Multidisciplinary Research Journal Volume III Issue I: January – 2015 CONTENTS Sr. No. Author Title of the Paper Download 1 Prakash Chandra Pradhan Political Context of V.S. Naipaul’s Early 3101PDF Novels: Identity Crisis, Marginalization and Cultural Predicament in The Mystic Masseur, The Suffrage of Elvira and The Mimic Men 2 Dr. Shivaji Sargar & The Ecofeminist Approach in Alice Walker’s 3102PDF Moushmi Thombare The colour Purple 3 Dr. Anuradha Re-Reading of Shange’s for colored girls 3103PDF Nongmaithem who have considered suicide when the rainbow is enuf 4 A. Anbuselvi Dysfunctional family and Marriages in Anne 3104PDF Tyler’s Novel 5 Deepanjali Mishra Impact of Sociolinguistics in Technical 3105PDF Education 6 Dr. Pooja Singh, Dr. Girl, Boy or Both: My Sexuality, My Choice 3106PDF Archana Durgesh & Ms. Tusharkana Majumdar 7 Vasanthi Vasireddy Akhila’s Escape to Kanyakumari – a Travel 3107PDF in Search of ‘Self’ 8 Dr. Laxman Babasaheb Social Consciousness in Early Dalit Short 3108PDF Patil Stories 9 Sushree Sanghamitra Corporate Governance Codes in India- A 3109PDF Badjena Critical Legal Analysis 10 Dr. Ashok D. Wagh The Role of Budgeting in Enhancing 3110PDF Genuineness and Reliability in Financial Administration in Colleges of Thane District 11 Sushila Vijaykumar Consciousness-Raising in Thirst 3111PDF 12 L.X. Polin Hazarika Influence of Society on Assamese Poetry 3112PDF 13 Dr. Archana Durgesh & Reading Women and Colonization: Revenge 3113PDF Ajay Kumar Bajpai 14 Sachidananda Saikia Mahesh Dattani’s ‘On a Muggy Night in 3114PDF Mumbai’: A Critique on Heterosexuality Volume III Issue I: January 2015 Editor-In-Chief: Prof. K.N. Shelke www.rersearch-chronicler.com Research Chronicler ISSN-2347-503X International Multidisciplinary Research journal 15 Nandini Sharma & Theatre and Phenomenology: Beckett’s 3115PDF Dr. V. Premlata Waiting for Godot within the Apparatus of Merleau Ponty’s Phenomenology of Perception 16 Mr. Suresh D. Sutar Ted Hughes’ Crow’s First Lesson: An Eco- 3116PDF critical Study 17 Goutam Karmakar A Study of Margaret Atwood and Her Poetic 3117PDF World 18 Dr. Ambreen Safder Havoc of Western Culture on Indian 3118PDF Kharbe Immigrants: A Study of Manju Kapur’s The Immigrant 19 Dr. Raja Ram Singh Ethnic Identity of Bagri caste: A Sociological 3119PDF Analysis 1 Hossein Sheikhzadeh Bāgādh, the Lizard - A Balochi Story 3120PDF 1 Dr. Chandra Shekhar On the 30th Anniversary of Bhopal Gas 3121PDF Sharma Tragedy Volume III Issue I: January 2015 Editor-In-Chief: Prof. K.N. Shelke www.rersearch-chronicler.com Research Chronicler ISSN-2347-503X International Multidisciplinary Research journal Influence of Society on Assamese Poetry L.X. Polin Hazarika Research Scholar, Department of Assamese, Dibrugarh University, (Assam) India Abstract Literature has been considered as a mirror to society. It carries the essence of the society. The contemporary social, economic, political and cultural changes had played a crucial role in shaping up the literary scenario of late nineteenth century Assam. The works of notable Assamese poets such as, Anandaram Agarwalla, Lakshminath Bezbaroa, Hemchandra Goswami, Nalinibala Devi, Ganesh Gogoi, Devakanta Boruah carry the spirit of this glorious period of history of Assamese literature. Key Words: social background, romantic poetry, nineteenth century, patriotism, Bengal Renaissance, western education Key Words: contemporary social, Assamese, literary scenario. 1.1 Introduction: take a prominent role in the psychological Literature is a social evidence and make-up of man of that particular society testimony. Being a social creature, human which is expressed through literature. It is depicts his thought about the social true that literature may not carry the full situations and systems in his literary picture of the society but it can provide a creation. The economic, cultural and concise view and carry the essence of the political conditions of a society serve as society. causes in the creation of literature. Society 1.2 Objective and Methodology: serves both the manner and matter to The chief objective of the paper is to study literature. Hence, literature is considered as the r social influences on Assamese poetry a mirror of the society. The study of the with a specific focus on romantic period of relation between literature and society later nineteenth century. To achieve the brings into light that society provides objective analytical method has been applied necessary motifs, themes, subject matters, in the paper. Besides, historical, descriptive forms and styles in the creation of literature. and introductory methods have also been Every society of a period has a spirit of its applied wherever feels necessary. own. The spirit of the age is determined by 2.1 The Analysis: the geographic environment, natural calamities, demographic changes, racial The observation of the social background of structure, economic production, trade and Assamese Romantic poetry reveals three commerce, war, communication and major factors working behind its administration of a society. These factors development. They are: spread of British Volume III Issue I: January 2015 (102) Editor-In-Chief: Prof. K.N. Shelke www.rersearch-chronicler.com Research Chronicler ISSN-2347-503X International Multidisciplinary Research journal imperialism and new social structure, the British administration. Later, in 1857 during coming of the American Baptist the sepoy mutiny Maniram Dewan was also missionaries and rise of the middle class and moved by the thought of removal of British Bengal Renaissance and access to western administration from Assam and restore of a education. Āhom king. But, he was caught red handed and later hanged on along with Piyoli During the nineteenth century mainly for political reason a new type of economy and Boruah, another revolutionist. social life was developed in Assam. In the After the advent of the British power in mean time the Āhom rule had gone into the Assam a large number of people migrated hands of the British, sequel to the Yandaboo from the nearby areas of the province. The Treaty on 24th February, 1826. The immigrants of this period are divided into introduction of new administration had two groups: the first one is immigrants from brought many changes to social, political the Bengal presidency who came for and economic areas. At the initial phase the cultivation in the wasteland and the other is newly introduced British administration was immigrants from distant areas coming for cherished by the common people of Assam. trade and commerce. People from Bengal Till 1826, the Burmese had invaded Assam viz Dacca (Dhaka), Mymensing, Rangpur for three times in 1816, 1819 and 1824, chiefly came to work as āmlāhs (officials), which caused a tremendous loss of the traders, boat men and khālāsī. Immigrants political, economical and social from Bihar worked as constables, domestic infrastructure of Assam. They snatched workers, masons, earth- cutters, carters, away the wealth of common people, burnt cobblers, fishermen and boatmen. As down villages, burnt down human alive and McCosh reported, in 1837 a good number of did inhumane brutality which resulted in a Mārwārīs settled in Assam for trading. The psychological break down of the people. Mārwārīs acted as money changers, bankers The Assamese people, therefore, considered and agents of the tea garden managers. A the British rule as a boon that saved them few immigrants belonged to the Punjabi from the cruelty of Burmese expedition. The community worked as contractors, British administration had introduced a new carpenters and skilled mechanics in railways tax system in lieu of the former pāik system. and tea gardens in Upper Assam. Moreover, But, the new tax system turned to be a the scarcity of labourers to work in the nuisance for the common people. Under the gardens of Sadiya, Chabua, Deenjoy and new administration some of the former Keyhung made it necessary to bring Āhom ministers found respectable positions, labourers from densely populated areas of but many of them lost their earlier ranks. Bihar, Odisha and Madras. In 1891, The deprive gentry who had lost their approximately 4, 23,199 immigrants were former ranks became disappointed. This found working in the tea- gardens of Assam. resulted in the revolt of the Gomdhar According to 1911-21 census report of Konwar and Piyoli Phukan in1828 and 1830 Assam 12, 90,157 were immigrants. As respectively, demanding removal of the Myron Weiner observes, the immigration Volume III Issue I: January 2015 (103) Editor-In-Chief: Prof. K.N. Shelke www.rersearch-chronicler.com Research Chronicler ISSN-2347-503X International Multidisciplinary Research journal had changed social structure, economy and products made common people irresistible. influenced educational scenario of Assam. Moreover, the ban on poppy cultivation and Due to immigration into Assam from rumour about tax on areca- nuts and betel different areas, through assimilation of the leaves worked up common people‟s native and immigrant people a socio-cultural sentiment. In 1861, rāij mels were organised harmony had grown up in Assam. among the peasants of Phulaguri in Nagaon The extension of tea- gardens had increased district and later on, in the districts of the demand of coal as it was essential to run Kamrup and Darrang. In subsequent periods the factories. The Assam Company which in the place of rāij-mels, the ryot sabhās was originally formed for trading tea in were came into appearance to protest against Assam discovered coal in Assam. In 1892, enhancement of land revenues. In 1885, Indian National Congress was established by W.H. Cheethem visited Assam and reported about the good quality and high value of Lord Hume to protest the government in a constitutional manner. A number of Assam coal. Along with coal, since 1866 digging of oil wells were also started in Assamese people were also interested in the Assam. Finally The Assam Railway and way of congress.