Editors: Heather Tallis, Taylor Ricketts, Anne Guerry, Spencer Wood, and Richard Sharp. Contributing Authors: Erik Nelson, Driss Ennaanay, Stacie Wolny, Nasser Olwero, Kari Vigerstol, Derric Penning- ton, Guillermo Mendoza, Juliann Aukema, John Foster, Jessica Forrest, Dick Cameron, Katie Arkema, Eric Lonsdorf, Christina Kennedy, Gregory Verutes, Chong-Ki Kim, Gregory Guannel, Michael Papenfus, Jodie Toft, Matthew Mar- sik, Joey Bernhardt, Robert Griffin, Kathryn Glowinski, Nicholas Chaumont, Adam Perelman, and Martin Lacayo. Citation: Tallis, H.T., Ricketts, T., Guerry, A.D., Wood, S.A., Sharp, R., Nelson, E., Ennaanay, D., Wolny, S., Olwero, N., Vigerstol, K., Pennington, D., Mendoza, G., Aukema, J., Foster, J., Forrest, J., Cameron, D., Arkema, K., Lonsdorf, E., Kennedy, C., Verutes, G., Kim, C.K., Guannel, G., Papenfus, M., Toft, J., Marsik, M., Bernhardt, J., and Griffin, R., Glowinski, K., Chaumont, N., Perelman, A., Lacayo, M. 2013. InVEST 2.5.6 User’s Guide. The Natural Capital Project, Stanford. i CONTENTS I Front-matter1 1 Data Requirements and Outputs Summary Table2 2 The Need for a New Tool 8 2.1 Introduction...............................................8 2.2 Who should use InVEST?........................................8 2.3 Introduction to InVEST.........................................9 2.4 A work in progress............................................ 11 2.5 This guide................................................ 11 3 Getting Started 13 3.1 Getting started with InVEST....................................... 13 3.2 Installing the InVEST tool and data on your computer......................... 13 3.3 Downloading and installing Python library extensions......................... 13 3.4 Adding the InVEST toolbox to ArcMap................................. 14 3.5 Using sample data............................................ 15 3.6 Formatting your data........................................... 15 3.7 Running the models........................................... 16 3.8 Support information........................................... 17 3.9 Model run checklist........................................... 19 3.10 Reporting errors............................................. 19 3.11 Working with the DEM......................................... 19 3.12 Resources................................................. 22 II Marine Models 23 4 Wave Energy Model 24 4.1 Summary................................................. 24 4.2 Introduction............................................... 24 4.3 The model................................................ 25 4.4 Data needs................................................ 29 4.5 Running the model............................................ 32 4.6 Interpreting results............................................ 35 4.7 Case example illustrating results..................................... 38 4.8 Appendix A............................................... 41 4.9 Wave Energy 3.0 Beta.......................................... 41 4.10 References................................................ 42 ii 5 Wind Energy Model 43 5.1 Summary................................................. 43 5.2 Introduction............................................... 43 5.3 The model................................................ 44 5.4 Data Needs................................................ 53 5.5 Interpreting Results........................................... 54 5.6 Data Sources............................................... 55 5.7 Running the Model............................................ 55 5.8 References................................................ 56 6 Coastal Vulnerability Model 57 6.1 Summary................................................. 57 6.2 Introduction............................................... 57 6.3 The model................................................ 58 6.4 Limitations and Simplifications..................................... 64 6.5 Data needs................................................ 64 6.6 Running the model............................................ 70 6.7 Interpreting results............................................ 74 6.8 Appendix A............................................... 76 6.9 Appendix B................................................ 76 6.10 References................................................ 82 7 Erosion Protection Model 84 7.1 Summary................................................. 84 7.2 Introduction............................................... 84 7.3 The model................................................ 85 7.4 Limitations and Simplifications..................................... 97 7.5 Data Needs................................................ 99 7.6 Running the model............................................ 114 7.7 Interpreting results............................................ 121 7.8 References................................................ 126 7.9 Appendix A............................................... 127 8 Marine Fish Aquaculture 132 8.1 Summary................................................. 132 8.2 Introduction............................................... 132 8.3 The Model................................................ 133 8.4 Limitations and simplifications..................................... 135 8.5 Data needs................................................ 136 8.6 Running the model............................................ 138 8.7 Interpreting results............................................ 142 8.8 References................................................ 145 9 Aesthetic Quality 146 9.1 Summary................................................. 146 9.2 Introduction............................................... 146 9.3 The model................................................ 147 9.4 Limitations and simplifications..................................... 148 9.5 Data needs................................................ 148 9.6 Running the model............................................ 149 9.7 Interpreting results............................................ 154 9.8 Case example illustrating results..................................... 155 9.9 References................................................ 159 10 Overlap Analysis Model 160 iii 10.1 Summary................................................. 160 10.2 Introduction............................................... 160 10.3 The model................................................ 161 10.4 Limitations and simplifications..................................... 162 10.5 Data needs................................................ 163 10.6 Interpreting results............................................ 166 10.7 Appendix A............................................... 167 10.8 References................................................ 169 11 Habitat Risk Assessment 170 11.1 Summary................................................. 170 11.2 Introduction............................................... 170 11.3 The model................................................ 172 11.4 Data Needs................................................ 179 11.5 Interpreting results............................................ 186 11.6 References................................................ 190 12 Marine Water Quality Model: Advection-Diffusion Model 191 12.1 Summary................................................. 191 12.2 Introduction............................................... 191 12.3 The model................................................ 192 12.4 Limitations and simplifications..................................... 195 12.5 Data Needs................................................ 195 12.6 Running the Model............................................ 196 12.7 Interpreting Results........................................... 196 12.8 Case example illustrating model inputs and results........................... 196 12.9 References................................................ 200 III Terrestrial and Freshwater Models 201 13 Biodiversity: Habitat Quality & Rarity 202 13.1 Summary................................................. 202 13.2 Introduction............................................... 202 13.3 The Model................................................ 203 13.4 Data needs................................................ 209 13.5 Running the Model............................................ 212 13.6 Interpreting Results........................................... 214 13.7 Biodiversity 3.0 Beta........................................... 216 13.8 References................................................ 216 14 Carbon Storage and Sequestration 218 14.1 Summary................................................. 218 14.2 Introduction............................................... 218 14.3 The Model................................................ 219 14.4 Data needs................................................ 224 14.5 Running the Model............................................ 232 14.6 Interpreting Results........................................... 234 14.7 Appendix: data sources......................................... 236 14.8 Carbon 3.0 Beta............................................. 241 14.9 References................................................ 241 15 Reservoir Hydropower Production 246 15.1 Summary................................................. 246 15.2 Introduction............................................... 246 iv 15.3 The Model................................................ 247 15.4 Data needs................................................ 251 15.5 Running