TAFISAMAGAZINE Traditional Sport and Games: New Perspectives on Cultural Heritage 4th Busan TAFISA World Sport for All Games 2008 Under the Patronage of 1 2008 Contact TAFISA Office Dienstleistungszentrum Mainzer Landstraße 153 60261 Frankfurt/Main GERMANY Phone 0049.69.136 44 747 Fax 0049.69.136 44 748 e-mail [email protected] http://www.tafisa.net Impressum Editor: Trim & Fitness International Sport for All Association (TAFISA) Editor-in-Chief: Prof. Dr. Diane Jones-Palm Editorial Assistant: Margit Budde Editorial Board: Dr. Oscar Azuero, Colombia, Wolfgang Baumann, Germany, Prof. Dr. Ju-Ho Chang, Korea, Comfort Nwankwo, Nigeria, Jorma Savola, Finland Production and layout: Gebr. Klingenberg Buchkunst Leipzig GmbH Distribution: 1500 ISSN: 1990-4290 This Magazine is published in connection with the 4th Busan TAFISA World Sport for All Games, Busan, Korea, 26.09. - 02.10.2008 under the Patronage of IOC, ICSSPE and UNESCO The TAFISA Magazine is the official magazine of TAFISA. It is published up to two times a year and issued to members, partners and supporters of TAFISA. Articles published reflect the views of the authors and not necessarily those of TAFISA. Reproduction of arti- cles is possible as long as the source is accredited. The TAFISA Magazine is published with the support of the German Federal Ministry of the Interior, City of Frankfurt, Commerzbank AG, Hessian State Ministry of the Interior and for Sport, German Olympic Sport Confederation, Gundlach Holding GmbH & Co. KG and Sport StadiaNet AG TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Editorial Diane Jones-Palm (USA) 3 The Future of Traditional Games and Sports 4 Jürgen Palm (Germany) UNESCO and Traditional Sports and Games 8 Wataru Iwamoto (Japan) Traditional Games as “Sport for All” 10 from Traditional Rope Jumping to Modern Rope Skipping Gertrud Pfister (Denmark) Traditional Wrestling in the ECOWAS Area 17 Djibril Badji (Burkina Faso) Traditional Movement Culture in the Caceres/Spain 19 Dirk Nasser (Spain) Developing a Culturally-based Sport for All Program for Wellness and 24 Empowerment among the Indigenous Peoples of Mindanao Henry C. Daut (Philippines) Traditional Sports and Games: A Resource for All 28 Joel Raynaud (France) Traditional Games – the Australian Experience 33 Hon Brian Dixon (Australia) Billiard, Traditional Game Transformed Today into a Cultural Heritage 37 Oscar Azuero-Ruiz (Colombia) ETSGA, a Network for Traditional Games and Sports 40 Guy Jaouen (France) Traditional Sport and Sport for All: A Bond of Unity and Recreation 43 The African (Nigeria) Perspective Comfort Nwankwo (Nigeria) The Encyclopedia of Intangible Cultural Heritage as a Method to Safeguard 46 Traditional Sports and Games as an Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humankind Jorge Gustavo Caicedo (Mexico) TAFISA Magazine | 1 Cooperation and Opposition in Sport and in Traditional Games 49 Pierre Parlebas (France) 4th Busan TAFISA World Sport for All Games 53 Ju-Ho Chang (Korea) TAFISA/UNESCO Busan Appeal 55 Upcoming Events 60 Membership list 61 Board of Directors 2 | TAFISA Magazine Editorial This volume has a key theme that extends to play a decisive and worldwide recognized the heart of Sport for All: traditional games role in this field. This major task is also and sports. The rise of the international mentioned in the TAFISA statutes and sports movement in the 20th century has TAFISA already in 1992 has launched a caused traditional games and sports to special event under the title “TAFISA behind or even disappear. But there is good World Sport for All Games” for the world- news; traditional sports are coming back to wide promotion of this field. 2008 with the life again. This renaissance is due to the sig- patronage of IOC, UNESCO and ICSSPE nificant role traditional games and sports can has faced the most successful fourth edition play today as part of our cultural heritage and of this unique event in Busan, Republic of local identity. This global trend to rediscov- Korea. These TAFISA Games can be not er, develop and promote traditional games only considered to be a turning point in the and sports is present in many ways: in history of TAFISA but also for the global renewed interest in research and publica- movement of traditional games and sports. tions, ever-more organizations being devel- oped and in increasing numbers of practical This can be also documented by the adop- events at the local, regional and international tion of the TAFISA / UNESCO Busan level. Appeal in Busan which clearly states that all efforts have to be taken to preserve the There is no question that traditional games cultural heritage of traditional games and and sports build national identity and con- sports. As you will see this volume will tribute the popular Sport for All culture. reflect this new movement in many ways Above all traditional games and sports are and from various angles. necessary counterparts to the globalized mass culture of today, and as important as We are grateful that prominent experts in music, literature and architecture. Tra- this field from all over world have accepted ditional sports give us a platform to cele- our request to contribute to this Magazine. brate our diversity and regional cultural sig- We hope you enjoy reading about the tradi- nificance in spite of globalization. tion, culture, history and joy of Traditional Games and Sports. TAFISA has always put special emphasis on the development and promotion of tradi- tional sports and games and has proved to Diane Jones-Palm is a Collegiate Professor and medical sociolo- gist at the University of Maryland in Heidelberg. She worked as a behavioral scientist at the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in the area of health risk behaviors, including physi- cal inactivity, and was an investigator in WHO’s MONICA Project, focusing on international patterns of physical activity as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. She was teaching at Emory University in Atlanta before joining UMUC in Germany in January 1996. She has made over a hundred presentations on the topics of physical activity, health and society in coun- tries around the world, including many TAFISA training academies and annual mee- tings, and has published on the topic in magazines, professional journals and books. TAFISA Magazine | 3 The Future of Traditional Games and Sports Jürgen Palm Under the term “Sport for All” human phys- lower prices, access to former privileges ical activity is characterized by a worldwide etc. But we have to watch the influence of a growth of participation (beyond 1 billion uniformed way of life on discarding cultur- humans), innovation of form and equipment al identity and human diversity. (aerobics, spinning, snow boarding), and the creativity in bringing people to public I believe that the human being today - as the space like squares, parks, streets, beaches ones that lived before us - has an existential (for instance 2,5 million persons participat- demand to be in groups which exist over ing every Sunday in the Bogotá Cyclovia). time. Groups such as the family, the neigh- Supplementing these innovative processes borhood, hobby groups, colleagues at work, is a new love for the past: the rediscovery of sport teams, clubs or competitors in a match our physical cultures of yesterday in the are necessary mediators between the indi- form of the traditional games and sports. vidual and bigger society. Traditional games preserve chances to take part in the Indigenous games and sports are coming virtues of community interaction. In every back: in Thailand and China, Iran and India, game, every dance, every wrestling match, in Korea, in China, in Nigeria and Egypt as hiking event, words and gestures bring real well as in Mexico, Brazil, the arctic circle interaction into life. of Greenland, but also in Europe. Traditional games and sports of that past There are a nearly unimaginable variety of that are alive in the manifold regional cul- forms of traditional sport: In Africa alone tures of the world have a new chance of sur- over 400 games have been documented – vival and of contributing to the quality of and hundreds are yet to be registered. These life. In the revival of indigenous games games are characterised by their diversity and sport the World Festivals of Traditional and regional cultural significance. Sports and Games are playing a major role. Traditional and regional games are increas- Indigenous games and sports should be rec- ingly generating international and global ognized as necessary counterparts to the interest. There are remarkable examples: globalized mass culture of today right along- Dragon boat racing has international cham- side regional language, music, literature and pionships now. Capoeira has a world or- architecture. Their re-appearance is a sign for ganization as its foundation. Tug of War, the “survival of the specific” and a chance to Lacrosse, and Sepak Takraw all have inter- enjoy diversity in spite of globalization. national federations and championships. Modern sport itself is an example of global- Zurkaneh is a 2000 year old game of ization – and the Olympic Games may be strength, rhythm and physical contemplation. the first worldwide-distributed global cul- Based on the Iranic Schiite Islam culture, ture: nearly a quarter century before the Zurkaneh has become an international feder- film industry and a century before the ation and thus leaves the territories of Isma. Internet (GRUPE, 2000). No doubt: the What also is remarkable is the application of process of globalization holds enormous Zurkaneh for women, who were excluded advantages in productivity, information, from the sport for two thousand years. 4 | TAFISA Magazine The globalization of traditional, regional boats are stripped off all decorative ele- sport forms is nothing new. After all ments, the rowers are in a sports clothes and European, North American sports featured no more in regional costumes. Of course in the Olympic all began as traditional part of the character of the game has sports.