Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-16080-4 — Lives, Identities and Histories in the Central Middle Ages Edited by Julie Barrau , David Bates Frontmatter More Information Lives, Identities and Histories in the Central Middle Ages How did medieval people define themselves? And how did they balance their identities as individuals with the demands of their communities? Lives, Identities and Histories in the Central Middle Ages intertwines the study of identities with current scholarship to reveal their multi-layered, sometimes contradictory, dimensions. Drawing on a wide range of sources, from legal texts to hagiographies and biblical exegesis, and diverse cultural and social approaches, this volume enriches our under- standing of medieval people’s identities – as defined by themselves and by others, as individuals and as members of groups and communities. It adopts a complex and wide-ranging understanding of what constituted ‘identities’ beyond family and regional or national belonging, such as social status, gender, age, literacy levels and displacement. New figures and new concepts of ‘identities’ thus emerge from the dialogue between the chapters, through an approach based on life-histories, lived experi- ence, ethnogenesis, theories of diaspora, cultural memory and gener- ational change. Julie Barrau is Senior Lecturer in Medieval British History at the University of Cambridge. She has published research on Thomas Becket and his circle, letter-writing, Latin literacy and on the circulation of knowledge in the central Middle Ages. Her first book, Bible, lettres et politique. L’Écriture au service des hommes à l’époque de Thomas Becket, was awarded the Prix Saintour by the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres. David Bates is Emeritus Professor in Medieval History at the University of East Anglia. He gave the Ford Lectures in the University of Oxford in 2010 and has a doctorate honoris causa from the University of Caen- Normandie. His most recent books are The Normans and Empire (2013), William the Conqueror (2016; French translation, 2018) and (with Xavier Barral i Altet) La Tapisserie de Bayeux (2019), which was awarded the Prix du Livre d’Art by the Syndicat National des Antiquaires. © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-16080-4 — Lives, Identities and Histories in the Central Middle Ages Edited by Julie Barrau , David Bates Frontmatter More Information © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-16080-4 — Lives, Identities and Histories in the Central Middle Ages Edited by Julie Barrau , David Bates Frontmatter More Information Lives, Identities and Histories in the Central Middle Ages Edited by Julie Barrau University of Cambridge David Bates University of East Anglia © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-16080-4 — Lives, Identities and Histories in the Central Middle Ages Edited by Julie Barrau , David Bates Frontmatter More Information University Printing House, Cambridge CB2 8BS, United Kingdom One Liberty Plaza, 20th Floor, New York, NY 10006, USA 477 Williamstown Road, Port Melbourne, VIC 3207, Australia 314–321, 3rd Floor, Plot 3, Splendor Forum, Jasola District Centre, New Delhi – 110025, India 103 Penang Road, #05–06/07, Visioncrest Commercial, Singapore 238467 Cambridge University Press is part of the University of Cambridge. It furthers the University’s mission by disseminating knowledge in the pursuit of education, learning, and research at the highest international levels of excellence. www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9781107160804 DOI: 10.1017/9781316676004 © Cambridge University Press 2021 This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published 2021 A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Barrau, Julie, editor, author. | Bates, David, 1945– editor, author. | Van Houts, Elisabeth M. C., honouree. Title: Lives, identities and histories in the central Middle Ages : England, Normandy and northern France / edited by Julie Barrau, University of Cambridge, David Bates, University of East Anglia. Description: First edition. | New York : Cambridge University Press, 2021. | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2021010120 (print) | LCCN 2021010121 (ebook) | ISBN 9781107160804 (hardback) | ISBN 9781108824057 (paperback) | ISBN 9781316676004 (ebook) Subjects: LCSH: Great Britain – History – Medieval period, 1066–1485. | France – History – Medieval period, 987–1515. | Women – England – History – Middle Ages, 500–1500. | Women – France – History – Middle Ages, 500–1500. | Identity (Psychology) – History – To 1500. | Identification (Religion) – History – To 1500. | Literature, Medieval – History and criticism. | Civilization, Medieval – Historiography. | Middle Ages – Historiography. | BISAC: HISTORY / Europe / General | HISTORY / Europe / General Classification: LCC DA175 .L58 2021 (print) | LCC DA175 (ebook) | DDC 942.03–dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021010120 LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021010121 ISBN 978-1-107-16080-4 Hardback Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to n this publication and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-16080-4 — Lives, Identities and Histories in the Central Middle Ages Edited by Julie Barrau , David Bates Frontmatter More Information Contents List of Figures page vii List of Contributors viii List of Abbreviations x Introduction 1 julie barrau and david bates Part I Entwined Lives and Multiple Identities 7 1 Mother and Motherhood in the Vita et Passio Willelmi Norwicensis 9 miri rubin 2 Prayer for the Dead: Women, Death and Salvation 25 fiona j. griffiths 3 Authority over Men and the Allocation of Riches: Two Readings of William of Malmesbury 42 mathieu arnoux 4 Flemish Settlement and Maritime Traffic in the South- West Peninsula of Britain, c. 1050–1250 56 julia crick 5 Cistercians and the Laity in Twelfth- and Thirteenth-Century Upper Normandy 79 elma brenner 6 Memory and Trauma: The Strange Case of Walchelin the Priest 94 patricia skinner 7 New Charters of the Empress Matilda, with Particular Reference to Her Reception at Gloucester in 1139 107 nicholas vincent v © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-16080-4 — Lives, Identities and Histories in the Central Middle Ages Edited by Julie Barrau , David Bates Frontmatter More Information vi Contents 8 Female Identity before 1250: The Preudefemme 142 david crouch Part II Historians, Lawyers and Exegetes: Writing Lives and Identities 159 9 Ademar of Chabannes and the Normans: An Outline of a New Reading 161 pierre bauduin 10 Lives, Identities and the Historians of the Normans 180 david bates 11 Ruth in the Twelfth Century: The Multiple Identities of a Foreign Converted Widow from Scripture 203 julie barrau 12 Jacob and Esau and the Interplay of Jewish and Christian Identities in the Middle Ages 227 anna sapir abulafia 13 Identity, Gender and History in Wace’s Roman de Rou and Roman de Brut 246 leonie v. hicks 14 Glanvill: Law, Language and Identity 264 john hudson 15 Dunstan, Edgar and the History of Not-So-Recent Events 282 george garnett Index 314 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-16080-4 — Lives, Identities and Histories in the Central Middle Ages Edited by Julie Barrau , David Bates Frontmatter More Information Figures 1.1 A wolf threatening sheep, from an English bestiary, c. 1200–10. © The British Library Board, Royal MS 12 C xix, fo. 19r. 19 4.1 Map of the estates of Ludo. 67 4.2 Map of the estates of Erchenbald. 68 9.1 Corrections to the α manuscript of the chronicle of Ademar of Chabannes, showing, at the end of line 15, Uuillelmus and, above, between lines 13 and 14: pro eo principatum habuit et christianus cum gente sua fuit. Quo de (= the start of defuncto which is used at line 15). Also, in the margin at line 15, functo (following defuncto) Ri (to follow on from cardus at the start of the beginning of the line which follows Ri erased at the end of line 14); interlined between lines 14 and 15 filius eius, which refers to William’s son, Richard I. © cliché BNFr, ms. lat. 6190, fo. 54r. 169 9.2 Corrections to the α manuscript of the chronicle of Ademar of Chabannes, showing, on the left, de filia Ruini interlined between lines 14 and 15, and, in the margin, a later commentary identifying Adela, Rollo’s daughter, and wrongly naming her as the wife of Duke William Towhead. © cliché BNFr, ms. lat. 6190, fo. 53r. 171 9.3 Corrections to the α manuscript of the chronicle of Ademar of Chabannes, showing quae extitit soror Ricardi interlined in line 3 above Adala christianissima. © cliché BNFr, ms. lat. 6190, fo. 56r. 171 12.1 Jacob and Esau in Bible Moralisée, ÖNB Vienna, Cod. 2554, fo. 6r. Courtesy of Österreichische Nationalbibliothek. 242 12.2 The rejection by Christ