Renewable Energy and Low Carbon Development Study London Borough of Enfield March 2010 Prepared by: ............................................ Approved by: ............................................ Matthew Turner Rob Shaw Senior Consultant Associate Director Allie O’Donovan Senior Consultant Rev No Comments Date 1 Outline Draft issued to client 25/09/09 2 Updated outline Draft issued to client 08/10/09 3 Draft report issued to client 21/12/09 4 Final Draft issued to client 26/01/10 5 Final Draft reissued with amendments and updated maps 05/03/10 6 Final Report Issued 23/03/10 The Johnson Building, 77 Hatton Garden, London, EC1N 8JS Telephone: 020 7645 2000 Fax: 020 7645 2099 Website: http://www.aecom.com Job No: 60102479 Reference: Enfield PPS1 Study Date Created: 23/03/10 This contains confidential and commercially sensitive information, which shall not be disclosed to third parties. f:\sdg\jobs\sdg - enfield renewable and low carbon study\06 reports\310310-mjt-enfield renewable energy and low carbon development study final.docx Table of Contents Executive Summary .................................................................................................................... 3 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 21 1.1 Overview ............................................................................................................. 21 1.2 The Need for a Renewable and Low Carbon Energy Study .............................. 21 2 Policy Review ................................................................................................................ 24 2.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................... 24 2.2 National ............................................................................................................... 24 2.3 Regional .............................................................................................................. 30 2.4 Local ................................................................................................................... 35 2.5 Other emerging and changing regulation, targets and standards ...................... 36 2.6 Review of other Local Authority low carbon and renewable energy targets....... 39 2.7 Lessons Learned: Ensuring the development of a robust evidence base .......... 43 3 Existing CO2 Emissions Data and Baseline Information .......................................... 48 3.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................... 48 3.2 Existing Energy Consumption and CO2 Emissions Data for Enfield .................. 48 3.3 Housing Data ...................................................................................................... 50 3.4 Calculating the Energy Demands from the Housing Stock................................. 51 3.5 Carbon Dioxide Emissions .................................................................................. 59 3.6 Existing buildings ................................................................................................ 61 4 Future Development Plans ........................................................................................... 65 4.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................... 65 4.2 Future Housing Projections ................................................................................ 66 4.3 Strategic Growth Areas ....................................................................................... 69 5 Energy Opportunities and Constraints ....................................................................... 78 5.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................... 78 5.2 Energy Efficiency ................................................................................................ 78 5.3 District/Community Heat and Power Networks ................................................... 81 5.4 Biomass .............................................................................................................. 89 5.5 Energy from Waste ............................................................................................. 98 5.6 Micro generation technologies .......................................................................... 103 5.7 Stand alone Wind Turbines .............................................................................. 109 5.8 Other constraints ............................................................................................... 114 5.9 Energy Opportunities Plan ................................................................................ 117 5.10 Key Findings and Recommendations ............................................................... 128 6 Code for Sustainable Homes and BREEAM ............................................................. 130 6.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................... 130 6.2 Code for Sustainable Homes ............................................................................ 131 6.3 BREEAM ........................................................................................................... 134 6.4 Requirements other than energy ...................................................................... 135 6.5 Cost Implications ............................................................................................... 136 6.6 Conclusions and Recommendations ................................................................ 139 7 Policy Testing .............................................................................................................. 141 7.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................... 141 7.2 Policies Tested .................................................................................................. 141 7.3 Findings for Improvements to Existing Buildings .............................................. 141 7.4 Improvements to New Buildings ....................................................................... 143 7.5 Key Findings and Recommendations ............................................................... 154 7.6 Site-Wide Impacts ............................................................................................. 157 8 Proposed Policies ....................................................................................................... 168 8.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................... 168 8.2 Proposed Policy 1: Support for decentralised low and zero carbon technologies in line with the Energy Opportunity Plan ..................................... 168 8.3 Proposed Policy 2: Reduction in emissions from new development ................ 170 8.4 Proposed Policy 3: District Heating Priority Areas ............................................ 172 8.5 Proposed Policy 4: Consequential Improvements to Existing Residential Properties .......................................................................................................... 173 8.6 Proposed Policy 5: Wind Power ....................................................................... 174 8.7 Proposed Policy 5: Environmental Design Standards ...................................... 175 9 Implementation Plan ................................................................................................... 178 9.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................... 178 9.2 Existing Development ....................................................................................... 179 9.3 New Development ............................................................................................. 180 9.4 Strategic Community-Wide Interventions ......................................................... 184 9.5 Delivery Partners .............................................................................................. 190 9.6 Monitoring and Review ..................................................................................... 192 9.7 Recommendations and Next Steps .................................................................. 192 10 Monitoring & Enforcement ......................................................................................... 198 10.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................... 198 10.2 Demonstrating and Checking Compliance ....................................................... 198 10.3 Monitoring ......................................................................................................... 199 Glossary ................................................................................................................................... 202 Appendix A ............................................................................................................................... 206 Appendix B ............................................................................................................................... 218 Appendix C ..............................................................................................................................