Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-12012-9 — The Cambridge World History of Violence Edited by Garrett G. Fagan , Linda Fibiger , Mark Hudson , Matthew Trundle Index More Information Index Abbink, Jon 608 Aijmer, Göran 608 Abner, and Joab 619–20 Akhenaton, pharaoh 188, 191 ‘abomination’, biblical notion of 615–16 Akhtoy III, pharaoh 345 Abram (Abraham) 611 Akkad, kingdom of 221, 228 sacrifice of son 617 culture 460 Abu-Lughod, Lila 395 fall of 230 Abydos, Egypt, First Dynasty burials 464 Alcibiades 542 acephalous society warfare see hunter- treatment of wife and dog 392–4 gatherers; raiding Alesia, battle of (52 BCE) 154 Achaemenides, son of Amestris 370 Alexander the Great 29, 235, 552 Acts of Ptolemy and Lucius 583, 584 Alexander Severus, emperor 254 Acy-Romance, France, Iron Age human Alexandria, destruction of the Serapeion (391 sacrifice 453 CE) 513, 515, 520–2 Adrianople, battle of (378 CE) 264, 268 Alken Enge, Jutland, Iron Age massacre adultery deposit 448 biblical punishment of women 616 Allan, William 540 punishment by male members of Allen, Danielle 383 household 385 Alvarado, Pedro de 214 by women in Greece 384, 390 Amarna Letters, between Babylon and Aegospotami, battle of (405 BCE) 538 Egypt 234 Aeneas 550 Amenemhet II, pharaoh 346 and Anchises 676, 681 Amenhotep II, pharaoh 183, 186 Africa Americas Homo erectus 58 evidence of violence in Paleoamericans Homo sapiens in 58 23, 54 Later Stone Age 99–104, 104 initial colonisation 199 see also hunter-gatherers; Kalahari ritualised violence 7 Agathonike, martyr 583 skeletal evidence of health 329 Agathos Daemon, boxer 504 warfare 42, 51, 201 Agia Triada, Crete, depictions of combat 133 see also Chichen Itza; Maya people; Agricola, emperor 249 Yanomamo people agriculture Amestris, wife of Xerxes animal husbandry 483 mutilation of Masistes’ wife 364, 367, 369 Japan 160, 167, 174–6 reputed sacrifice of children 371 Maya 200 revenge on Apollonides of Cos 371–2 see also farmers revenge for death of son 370–1 Agrippa II, king of Jews 251 rivalry with Artaÿnte 363–70 Agris, Charente, France, Iron Age helmet 147 Amfreville, France, Iron Age helmet 148 Aguateca, Guatemala, Maya site 209 Amida, Persian siege of (359 CE) 265, 267 704 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-12012-9 — The Cambridge World History of Violence Edited by Garrett G. Fagan , Linda Fibiger , Mark Hudson , Matthew Trundle Index More Information Index Ammianus Marcellinus and violence 15 battle narrative 264, 265 violence by 22, 481, 483 on siege of Amida 265 see also hunting Ammonites, violence against women of Annals, Chinese philosophical texts 431–2, 435 Gilead 366 Antigonids, defeat by Rome 243 Amytis, daughter of Amestris 371 Antioch, riot of the statues (387 CE) 518 Amytis, wife of Cyrus the Great, and death of Antiochus Epiphanes IV, King 573, 574, 577 eunuch Petasakes 373 desecration of Jewish temple (168 BCE) 512 Anacreon, on punishment 539 Antoninus Pius, emperor 252 Anchises, and Aeneas 676, 681 Antonius, Marcus 407 Andrieskraal, South Africa, Later Stone Age and trial of Norbanus 405 remains 106 Antonius, Marcus (Mark Antony) 415 anger, and justice in Athens 383 Aphrodisias, Sebasteion (Turkey), monument Anglesea island, Wales, Roman conquest 672, 673 of 329 Aphrodite, goddess of love 484 animal sacrifice 7 Apollo, god, on animal sacrifice 486, 487 Buddhist critique of 598 Apollonides of Cos, Amestris’ punishment of Egypt 184 371–2 Gupta horse 603 Appian, on Punic Wars 242, 245 see also animal sacrifice, Greece and Rome; Apuleius 567 human sacrifice The Golden Ass 562 animal sacrifice, Greece and Rome 475–90, 539 Aqiva, rabbi 574, 575 civic regulations 477, 478, 483 Arabs classical vegetarian writers and 475, 477, invasions of Roman Empire 257, 259 485–6 and wife beating 386 Empedocles’ view of 484 Arausio, battle of (105 BCE) 405 ended by Christianity 489, 490, 582 Arbela, Mesopotamia 643 Epicurean view 485 Arbousse-Bastide, Tristan 171 exemption of working oxen 481, 485 archaeology 6 Greek gods and 488 of battlefields 155, 248, 249 Greek sacrificial holocausts 481 changing perspectives of 444–5 images 478 and destruction of pagan temples 515 inspection of entrails 479 early China 419–20 Porphyry’s Abstaining from Meat 486–9 evidence of climate change 47, 51 and provision of food 480 evidence from 20, 21 Pythagorean view of 484–5 Iron Age Stoic view 485 Britain 321, 323, 334, 337 Theophrastus on 485–6 ritual violence 442–3, 457 victim as channel of communication with Japan 161–71, 164, 175 gods 480, 481, 483 Later Stone Age Africa 101–8, 103 wild animals 481 of LBK burials 306 animals Maya 198–217 compared with slaves 479 projects 198 and doctrine of substitutions (to excise Mesopotamia 219, 227, 629 maladies) 471–2 Neolithic massacres 299, 301, 304 fights with heroes 637 Roman 247 husbandry 483 signatures of violence 164 and justice (Greece) 482, 484–5, 490 South America, forager raiding warfare 42 killed in siege of Carthage 243 Syria 629 legal status of 475 and warfare 42, 43–4, 55 legal treatment of as criminals 477, 481 see also bioarchaeology; burials; fortifica- as power symbols in Egypt 343 tions; hill forts; settlements; skeletons; trial for murder 483 skulls; weaponry 705 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-12012-9 — The Cambridge World History of Violence Edited by Garrett G. Fagan , Linda Fibiger , Mark Hudson , Matthew Trundle Index More Information Index archery see arrows and arrowheads; bows and and Parysatis 375 arrows and wife Stateira 375, 376 Archi, Alfonso 640 Artaÿnte, daughter of Masistes, rivalry with Ardrey, Robert 99, 109 Amestris 363–70 arenas, amphitheatres Artemis, goddess of hunting 481 role of 35, 557, 558 Arthas´a¯stra, treatise on statecraft 687, 697–8 seating by social rank 559 Artoxares the Paphlagonian, eunuch at court see also sport, combat; theatre of Persia 373 Aristides, Aelius 252 Asconius, and travelling retinues 403 Aristophanes Ashurbanipal, king of Neo-Assyria 363, 469, Clouds 392 471, 642 Lysistrata 390–1 Ashurnasirpal II, king of Persia 366, 639, Wasps 380 641 Aristotle 33 punishments of enemies 373 on animals 483 As´oka, Maurya emperor, India 591, 599–600 on violence 534, 535 Asparn-Schletz, Austria, Neolithic massacre armies site 80, 88, 308–9 Greek, hoplites 498 Aspeberget, Sweden, rock art 129 size of Assyria 28, 461 Bronze Age 134 in biblical narratives 612, 621 Roman 242 display of trophy heads 639, 640, 649 see also Chinese army; Roman army; sol- New Empire 29, 32 diers; warfare; warriors palace reliefs 639, 642, 650, 651 Arminius, Germanic leader 155 punishment by blinding 373 armour, Bronze Age 130–2, 138 and substitute king ritual 468 cloak ‘armour’ 131 and violence against women 367 corselets 130 see also Mesopotamia; Syria greaves 132 astrology, Mesopotamia 468 helmets 131 prediction of eclipses 469 organic (layered linen) 131 Athaliah, queen of Judea 619 scale 130 Athenian theatre 540–2 tin bronze plate 130 comedy 541–2 two-part plate 130 tragedy 540–1 armour, Japan, wooden breastplates 170 Athens Arras, Yorkshire, Iron Age cemeteries Agora Bronze Age burials 133 324 Bouphonia festival 487 Arrhachion, pancratiast 501–3 coup (411 BCE) 537 arrows and arrowheads 65, 68, 75 and democracy in classical period arrowheads 101, 102, 106, 119 535–40, 545 bronze, Aegean 128 legal system and law courts 536–7, 542–5 European Neolithic 85, 89, 90, 93 and legal speeches 543 Iron Age 144 and witnesses 543 Japanese 163, 170 military campaigns 537, 538 Neolithic China 419 military service 538 poisoned, San, Kalahari 108, 110 murder law 483, 544 stone, Aegean 128 Scythian archers 542 stone, Korean style 167 slaves 33 wounds from 43, 303, 313 and status 544 see also bows and arrows Thirty Tyrants 537, 545–6 arsenals, Roman fabricenses 271 violence, law and community 531–47 Artaxerxes I, king of Persia 370 as violent city 382, 383, 537, 539–40 Artaxerxes II, king of Persia 362 weakness of state 535, 544, 547 and brother Cyrus 374 Atossa, wife of Darius I 362 706 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-12012-9 — The Cambridge World History of Violence Edited by Garrett G. Fagan , Linda Fibiger , Mark Hudson , Matthew Trundle Index More Information Index Atrahasis, poem 633, 651 Maya depictions of 208 ı fi 691–4 Atram-˘has¯s, Babylonian creation myth as ritual sacri ce for warriors (India) 466, 651 Roman 241, 244, 263–6, 555 and flood story 467 Roman depictions 654 Augustine, Saint, City of God 584 see also fighting; warfare Augustus Caesar, emperor 248 Baven, Germany, Bronze Age arrowheads 129 and expansion of empire 556 Beckmann, Martin 674 and gang violence 415–16 beheading see decapitation; headhunting; and golden age of Rome 240 heads and regulation of gladiatorial games Belgium, Neolithic enclosures 92 505, 558 bells, bronze, Japan 172, 173 and reorganisation of collegia 416 Berger, T. D. and E. Trinkhaus 60 Res Gestae 248 Bhagavadg¯ta¯ı 596, 699 Australia, forager societies 50, 52 Bhagavat¯Suı ¯tra 597 axes bia, Greek word for violence 476, 533 Bronze Age 127–8, 129 Bia, personification of violence 534 Neolithic 92, 118, 119, 419 Bible, New Testament as tools 128 apocalyptic texts 624 Aztecs see Nahua Book of Revelation 578, 624 Epistles 578 Baadsgaard, Aubrey 462 Gospel of Mark 577, 578 Babylon, rise of kingdom of 233, 234, 460 Bible, Old Testament (Hebrew) 31, 607–27 diplomatic relations with Egypt 234 Amos 366 Kassite kings 234 apocalyptic stories 624 Babylonian