Detection of brittle materials. Summary report with recommendation Natural hazards –infrastructure for floods and slides. Sub project 6 Quick clays 27 2016 RAPPORT Rapport nr 27-2016 Detection of brittle materials. Summary report with recommendation Utgitt av: Norges vassdrags- og energidirektorat Redaktør: Ingrid Havnen (NVE) og Hanne Ottesen (SVV) Forfattere: University College Dublin (UCD): Michael Long. Trykk: NVEs hustrykkeri Opplag: P.O.D Forsidefoto: Norges Geologiske Undersøkelse ISBN 978-82-410-1218-1 ISSN 1501-2832 Sammendrag: This report concludes a study on “Detection of brittle materials”, carried out between 2012 and 2015. This report recommend methods and procedures for detection of brittle materials from various field and laboratory tests. The report is based on previous work in this study, where various new and existing detection approaches have been tested and evaluated on data from various test sites. Emneord: Brittle clay, Detection Norges vassdrags- og energidirektorat Middelthunsgate 29 Postboks 5091 Majorstua 0301 OSLO Telefon: 22 95 95 95 Telefaks: 22 95 90 00 Internett: www.nve.no 2016 2 REPORT NIFS, subproject 6 Quick clay CLIENT Statens vegvesen (NPRA), Jernbaneverket (NNRA) and NVE (NWRED) TOPIC Detection of brittle materials. Summary report with recommendations. Final report. DATE / REVISION: DECEMBER 22 2015 / 01 DOCUMENT CODE: 415559-RIG-RAP-004 01 22.12.2015 Final report, english version Rolf Sandven Anders Gylland Arne Vik 01 20.11.2015 Endelig rapport tilsendt NIFS-partnere Rolf Sandven m.fl. Anders Gylland m.fl. Arne Vik 00 15.09.2015 Foreløpig rapport tilsendt NIFS-partnere for kommentarer Rolf Sandven m.fl. Anders Gylland m.fl. Arne Vik REV. DATO BESKRIVELSE UTARBEIDET AV KONTROLLERT AV GODKJENT AV MULTICONSULT | Sluppenvegen 15 | Postboks 6230, 7037 TRONDHEIM | Tlf 73 10 62 00 | multiconsult.no NO 910 253 158 MVA multiconsult.no 1 Introduction Denne rapporten er utarbeidet av Multiconsult i egen regi eller på oppdrag fra kunde. Kundens rettigheter til rapporten er regulert i oppdragsavtalen. Tredjepart har ikke rett til å anvende rapporten eller deler av denne uten Multiconsults skriftlige samtykke. Multiconsult har intet ansvar dersom rapporten eller deler av denne brukes til andre formål, på annen måte eller av andre enn det Multiconsult skriftlig har avtalt eller samtykket til. Deler av rapportens innhold er i tillegg beskyttet av opphavsrett. Kopiering, distribusjon, endring, bearbeidelse eller annen bruk av rapporten kan ikke skje uten avtale med Multiconsult eller eventuell annen opphavsrettshaver. multiconsult.no 1 Introduction REPORT TASK NIFS Natural hazards – infrastructure, floodings DOCUMENT CODE 415559-2-RIG-RAP-004rev01 and slides TOPIC Detection of brittle materials. Summary report with ACCESSIBILITY Open recommendations. CLIENTS Statens vegvesen (NPRA), Jernbaneverket (NNRA) PROJECT LEADER Rolf Sandven and NVE (NWRED) CONTACT Ingrid Havnen (NWRED), Hanne B. Ottesen (NPRA), WRITTEN BY Rolf Sandven, Alberto PERSONS Mostafa Abokhalil (NNRA) Montafia, Anders Gylland, Kristoffer Kåsin, Andreas A. Pfaffhuber and Michael Long NIFS RAPPORT ID RESPONSIBLE UNIT 3012 Midt Geoteknikk SUMMARY The NIFS project is a joint venture between the Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate (Norges Vassdrags- og Energidirektorat NVE), The Norwegian Railroad Administration (Jernbaneverket NNRA) and the Norwegian Public Roads Administration (Statens vegvesen NPRA). In addition to other topics, Task 6 of the NIFS project focus on detection and behaviour of brittle materials. This work topic concentrates on detection of brittle materials such as quick clay from various field and laboratory methods. The main objective is to evaluate the methods, according to their potential of identifying brittle materials in a rational and reliable way. The project has been undertaken in the period 2012-2015 in a study titled "Detection of sensitive materials". This report concludes the study, presenting recommended methods and procedures for detection. The report is based on previous reports in the project, where different related criteria for detection of brittle materials have been evaluated. Reference is hence made to NIFS reports and other relevant literature in the literature list. Recommended procedures include conventional geotechnical soundings, CPTU, electric field vane tests and sampling with laboratory testing. In addition, resistivity measurements carried out downhole (Cone penetration test with resistivity measurements R-CPTU), on the surface (Electrical Resistivity Tomography ERT) or from the air (Airborne Electromagnetic Measurements AEM) are presented. Recommended strategies for integrated use of geotechnical and geophysical site investigations have also been suggested. The recommended detection principles are partly revised versions of previously well-known principles and classification methods. However, the project also defines new approaches that can be used for more reliable detection. Both previous and new methods should be used with engineering judgement and a critical approach, since the interpretation and classification methods may be misleading in some cases. In the first phase of the study, the work tasks have been carried out by Multiconsult and SINTEF. In the summary phase, the project has been carried out in close cooperation between Multiconsult/SINTEF, NGI and external scientists, supported by representatives from the NIFS-partners. LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS Multiconsult: Rolf Sandven, Anders Samstad Gylland and Alberto Montafia NGI: Andreas Aspmo Pfaffhuber and Kristoffer Kåsin (with contributions from Sara Bazin and Helgard Anschütz) University College Dublin (UCD): Michael Long NIFS: Ingrid Havnen (NWRED), Hanne Bratli Ottesen (NPRA) and Mostafa Abokhalil (NNRA) NIFS multiconsult.no Detection of brittle materials. Summary report with recommended procedures. TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 Introduction.......................................................................................................................................................................... 6 1.1 Background ........................................................................................................................................................................... 6 1.2 Task description .................................................................................................................................................................... 6 1.3 Scope of the report ............................................................................................................................................................... 7 1.4 Organization of the study ..................................................................................................................................................... 8 1.5 Definitions and terminology ................................................................................................................................................. 9 1.6 Test sites used in the study ................................................................................................................................................... 9 2 Relevant methods for detection of brittle materials ........................................................................................................... 11 2.1 Conventional sounding methods ........................................................................................................................................ 12 2.1.1 Rotary weight sounding ......................................................................................................................................... 12 2.1.2 Rotary pressure sounding ...................................................................................................................................... 13 2.1.3 Total sounding ....................................................................................................................................................... 14 2.2 Cone penetration test with pore pressure measurements (CPTU) ..................................................................................... 15 2.3 Resistivity measurements ................................................................................................................................................... 18 2.3.1 Downhole measurements with resistivity probe (R-CPTU) .................................................................................... 19 2.3.2 Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) .................................................................................................................. 20 2.3.3 Airborne electromagnetic measurements (AEM) .................................................................................................. 22 2.4 Vane testing ........................................................................................................................................................................ 25 2.4.1 General .................................................................................................................................................................. 25 2.4.2 Description of test equipment and procedures ..................................................................................................... 25 3 Recommended use of relevant methods – evaluation of possibilities and limitations ......................................................... 26 3.1 Conventional sounding methods