' STAT E : F o r ~ 10· 300 UNITED STATE S DEP ARTMEN T OF TH E INTE R IOR (J uly 1'169 ) NATIONA L PA RK SERVICE COUNTY ' N ATIO t--!A L REGIST ER OF HISTORIC PLAC E S INVENTORY- NOMINATION FORM FOR NPS US E ONL Y ENTRY NUM B E R DATE (Type a ll entries - complete applicable sections ) _·>>·, p. NAME . .· CO"-' "'ON : ,, .' ' United S tates Marine Barracks ' · AND 1 0R HISTORiC: ' Harine Barracks, Hashington, D. c. .· !2. LOCATION ··: ,_. ., ·.. ·_ .. ··.".. .·'· :i·· ·.· .·· ·., ... ,:·-.· · ·srREET ANC NUMBER: Eighth and I Streets, S.E. CITY 08 TOWN: Hashing ton (Cong ressman Halter E. Fauntroy, District of Colurnbia_l STATE I CO DE 'COUNTY ~ I CODE District of Columbia ·----- I 11 I' Dis trict of Columbia I oo1 13- CLASSIFICATION . ' .,._·.::,: >•c' •·:· :' .: . ::.,. •.·, o-• ~_L . ·, .. .·:· .,,. CATEGORY ACCESSIBLE OWNERSHI P STATUS (Check One) TO THE PUBLIC 0 District 0 Bui I ding [XJ Publ ic Public A cquisition: i}g Occupied Yes : ~ Restricted X Site 0 Structure 0 Private O In Process 0 Unaccup i ed Being Considered 0 Unrestricted 0 Obj ec t O Both 0 0 Pre servation work ; in progress 0 No P R ES E NT U SE (Chc:c~ One o r .\lo re as Appropriate) .. I] Agricultural CJ Gov e rn ment 0 Park 0 Transportation 0 Comments 0 Commerc i al 0 Industrial Qg Pri~ote Residence 0 Other (Specify) C Educatior.ol ~-Military 0 Relig ious 0 Enter tcinment c:J Museum 0 . Sc ientific l4. OWNER OF PROPERTY . .. -.":.: ·.\•:':'• -::,:·,::'_.: > .·,_ :· . ; .:·< '_;: :· ._...0: .•· _i/:-(, .:::.;:'" .. :.. Q ,",NE R 'S NA~ .-tE: '" "'-! > United States of America -! STREE T AND NUMBER: ..f'1 CITY OR TO'r'iN : STATE: CODE Is. rCA,TlONO_F_L ,EG·A-LO"§scRIPTION •.•.· :.'' )/o·._... •.·.- ~ --:· ...•. •·•_,_ ..-,,. COURTHOUSE . REGI .STRY OF OE £0 5 . ETC. n .. 0 c !Recorder of Deeds z I ST RE ET ANO NU"-1 EJ£ R : -! < IJ.>_tb and D StreP~s N ~·T STATE CODE j"' O R '0WA Washington District of Columbia 11 ' REPRESEN TATION IN EXISTING SU R VEYS :. 16 - - ·- ...... ·•: 'TIT LE o F suRvE v'Proposed District of Columb i a Additions to the Nat ional Reois- inz -! t er of His toric Propert_~es rec omme ndeQ__hy_ t he_ J..cint____Comrni ttee an Lan dma rks 1 ll - -< 'T1 !D kTE OF SU RVEY•Narch 7 1968 ex Fede ral lJ State 0 County 0 Local I 0 z ;v jD E ~O S ! TQ R Y F OR SU R V E Y R E C OR D S: c z ~ "0 i ital CIJ Na tion <:l__g~ Planning Commi s sion r.: c"' l S T RE E T AN D ~-4 U ~ . t 9 £ P. : ll m"' N. \.f. 0 11325 G S tr.e.e.r, z STATEo r ~~:·~~ho~~~o:~~ I CO DE '--t- -< Di~Ccl.umb i a ]] ~I 17. DE~CR I PTION (Ch eck On e ) [XJ Excell~nt 0 Good 0 Foir 0 Deteri o rate d O Ruins 0 Unexposed CONDI T ION ( Check One) (Check O ne) Moved [X) Originol Site ~ Altered 0 Unaltered r 0 DESCRIBE THE PRESENT AND ORIG INA L (if known ) PH YS ICAL APPEARANCE The United States Harine Barracks post in Southeast Hashington occupies the rectangular site (248' wide x 629' long) of Square 927 which is bounded by G Street on the north, I Str.ee·t on the south, Eighth Street on the ~v-est and Ninth Street on the east. 'rts buildings--a range of barracks, ·a band hall, officers' quarters, and the Commandant's House--form a quadrangle and enclose a rectangular parade ground approximately 160t wide and 385' long. With the exception of the Commandant's House, all of the buildings at the Marine Barracks face onto the parade ground. The original post consisted of the Commandant~s House on the north and a range of barracks on the west, Eighth Street side of the parade ground. De­ signed by George Hadfield, the barracks \vere finished in 1802. Hadfield's plans called for a t>vo-story pedimented "Center House" in the middle of a one-story range of barracks built behind an ; arcade. The "Center House," which v1as destroyed by fire in 1829, Has replaced by another building. The new structure was basically a standard three-bay tmvnhouse of the period, t.n with shuttered windmvs on the first i-.;vo stories and dormer windmvs projecting m from a gabled roof. m During the nineteenth century as the number of men attached to the bar­ racks increased, additional facilities were provided. No photographs or plans have been found ~vhich would give an idea of ·the .architectural character z of these buildings or locate them precisely. From correspondence and other t.n sources, it is known that a burial ground existed along the south side of the -i parade ground from 1816 to at least 1836. In 1834 a hospital was built some­ ;u where around the southwest side of the post, and a shooting gallery and band buiiding were erected between 1850 and 1900. The Boschke :Hap of 1857 and the c Enthoffer Map of 1872 shmv the outline of buildings at the Marine Barracks n but do not identify their function. -i As far back as 1866 Commandant Jacob Zeilin complained in his annual re­ port of the inadequacy of the facilities: "But in addition to these original 0 defects (bad ventilation, rotting wood, etc.) in the design of the buildings, they have become, from long and constant use, in such a dilapidated condition :z: as no longer to be habitable without more extensive repairs." These com­ t.n plaints went unheeded until 1902 >men a sanitary commission recommended that the buildings be replaced. The barracks, the "Center Hous e 11 and all of the mid-ninetee·nth century structures were subsequently demolished. Only the Commandant's House still stands from the original post. Hornblmv-er and Marshall, who had already carried out several military com­ missions and were at the height of their careers, were.selected as the architects for the new Marine Barracks. In redesigning the Marine Barracks in 1902, Hornblm-Ter and Harshall located the barrack building on the east and the band hall on the south. They probably designed the o fficers' qua rters · on the west, although no evidence has been found to corroborate the attribution. Because they were redesigning almost the entire post, the architects had the opportunity to g ive the }1arine Barracks a unity rarely found in military installations. All of the Hornblmver and Marshall building s on the present post a re built of very similar glazed brick. In spite of individual dif­ ferences, both the band hall and the barracks h a d an arca ded loggia on the ground floor "'hich runs the entire leng th of the south and east side of the parade ground. Both of the se buildings also have a uniform limestone strino 0 course running the leng th of the facade at the leveL of. the. second f l oor win- ·· d~~ sills. Cornice and ~oof heigh ts throughout the post are very similar. j ~------------------~C .9nt ~-e~-9~r~m~1~<~)~-~3~0~0~a~)-------------------------------4. f\l- Sl GN! Fl CANCE P E R IOD ( C hock One or l'Ytore tts Appro pria t e) [KJ 20th C e ntury 0 Pre-Columbian : 0 16 th Century 0 18 th Cen tury ( 0 15th Century 0 17th Century Q 19th Cen tury sP E CtFoc DATEist (If Applicable end K n own) 1801: Year Established AREAS OF SIGNIFICANCE (Check One or 1\/ore 88 Appropriate) -- Urban Planning Aboriginal 0 Education 0 Pol itical 0 . Other (Specify) 0 Prehistoric 0 Eng .~n_.eering 0 Relig ion/ Phi. 0 0 Histor!c 0 Industry losaphy 0 Agriculture 0 lnventi on 0 Science 00 A rch i tecture 0 Landscape 0 Sculpture 0 Art Architecture 0 Socia 1/ Humon- 0 Commerce 0 L iterature itorion 0 Communications rn Military 0 Theater 0 Conservation !&] Music 0 T ronsportotion STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The Joint Committee on Landmarks has designated the entire Marine Bar- racks site a Category II Landmark of i~portance which contributes signifi­ c antly to the cultural heritage and visual beauty of the District of Vl Columbia. Individual buildings at the Barracks which have also been de­ signated Categ ory. II Landmarks are the Commandant's House and the barracks 'Z buildings thems elves. Established in 1801 on a site selected by Thomas 0 Jefferson, the Marine Barracks is the oldest Marine Corps Post in the - nation. It has been the home of the Marine Band since 1801 and the re­ J- sidence of the Commandant since 1805. Many historical figures are associa ­ u ted with the Barracks including Commodo re Joshua Barney, Rear Admiral Raphael Se~mes, General Ar chiba ld Henderson, and John Philip Sousa. The / ::::> (,___ . ~ Commandant 's House is a noteworthy example of Federal-style architecture. Entirely confined within a single city block surrounded by the r esidential 1- community of Capitol Hill, this small quadrangle retains much of the quality Vl of an early 19th century military post. 'Z The Continental Marines were e stablished by Congress on November 10, 1775. - They were active at sea, including amphibious raids and shipboard service under John Paul Jones and others, and with Hashington ' s army, notably at w Princeton. Deactivated after the Revolutionary Har, the Corps \v:as dormant w until 1798 w·hen it \vas recreated w·ith \Hlliam Ward Burrow·s as Commandant.