I I I HISTORICAL AND I ARCHAEOLOGICAL I ANALYSIS OF I PARRAMATTA HOSPITAL, I PARRAMATTA, N.S.W. I I I ·1 I I Edward Higginbotham I. M.A. Cambridge I CONSULTANT ARCHAEOLOGICAL I SERVICES I www.higginbotham.com.au ;1 Or. Edward Higginbotham. Edward Higginbotham & Associates Pty Ltd. Phone: +612 9716 5154. I Fax: +612 9716 8547. I I IIl I.fl [Il I HISTORICAL. AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL :1l. ANALYSIS OF I / PARRAMATIA HOSPITAL, PARRAMATIA, I N.S.W . .1 I I E. Higginbotham CONSULTANT ARCHAEOLOGICAL SERVICES I 87 Renwick Street LEICHHARDT, N.S.W. 2040. PO Box 97 IL_ HABERFIELD, N.S.W. 2045. (02) 560-5062. Il .. www.higginbotham.com.au I Dr. Edward Higginbotham. Edward Higginbotham & Associates Pty Ltd. Phone: +612 9716 5154. I Fax: +612 9716 8547. I For THE DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS, N.S.W. Ic. Draft: September 1990. I Final: October 1990. I ,I !-I 1"1 Historical and archaeological analysis ofParramattaHospital, Parmmatta, N.S.W. JI CONTENTS. [I 1. INTRODUCTION. 1 (I 2. HISTORICAL ANALYSIS. 3 2.1. Summary of historical evidence. 3 2.1.1. Section. 19. Allotment 8. The Hospital. 3 ['I 2.1.2. Convict allotments. 11 2.1.3. Section 19, Allotment 98. 12 1.1 2.1.4. Section 19, Allotment 99. 13 2.1.5. Section 19, Allotment 102. 14 ('I 2.1.6. Section 19. Allotment 103. 15 2.2. Land use and building sequence. 15 !.I 2.2.1. Section. 19. Allotment 8. The Hospital. 16 2.2.2. Convict allotments. 16 2.2.3. Early leaseholds. 17 II 2.2.4. Section 19, Allotment 98. 17 2.2.5. Section 19, Allotment 99. 18 (I 2.2.6. Section 19, Allotment 102. 18 2.2.7. Section 19. Allotment 103. 19 II 3. THE CONTRIBUTION OF HISTORICAL ARCHAEOLOGY. 20 3.1. Definitions of cultural significance and archaeological potential. 20 I 3.2. Research themes in historical archaeology. 22 3.3. The survival of the archaeological evidence. 24 [I 3.4. The relevance of the site to current research themes. 26 3.5. Specific research issues. 28 1I 3.5.1. The Hospital. 28 3.5.2. Convict accommodation and living conditions. 29 I 3.5.3. The building sequence on the town allotments. 29 3.5.4. Land use and socio-economic status. 30 3.5.5. Industrial technology, breweries, and tramway communications. 30 I 3.5.6. Brislington. 31 I 3.5.7. Aboriginal artifacts. 32 I 4. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE. 33 I' ii [I \ II Historical and archaeological analysis ofParramatta Hospital, Parramatta, N.S.W. fl 5. RECOMMENDATIONS. 35 5.1. Archaeological investigation. 35 [I 5.2. Conservation of archaeological remains. 35 5.3. George Street frontage. 38 [I 5.4. Brislington. 38 5.5. Excavation permits. 39 :1 5.6. Demolition of existing structures 39 BIBLIOGRAPHY. 40 II Abbreviations. Published sources. :1 Unpublished sources '. APPENDIX 1. PARRAMATTA HOSPITAL. AN HISTORICAL II ANALYSIS FOR AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE SITE. By Terry Kass. 42 1IL I I I I 1 I I I'-. I I· ill I 11 Historical and archaeological analysis ofParramattaHospital, Parramatta, N.S.W. 1. INTRODUCTION. This report was commissioned by the Department of Public Works, N.S.W. on 18 July 1990. Its purpose is to determine the archaeological potential of the site, and to make recommendations for the conservation and archaeological investigation of the site prior to redevelopment. The site ofParramatta Hospital is bounded on the north by Parramatta River, on the east by Marsden Street, on the south by George Street, and on the west by O'Connell Street (Figure 1.1). This study was commissioned by the Department of Public Works, N.S.W. as a result of a conservation analys~s ofParramatta Hospital, undertaken by Clive Lucas Stapleton and Partners in 1990. Paragraph 7.5.2 of this report specifically recommends the IJ development of a comprehensive archaeological program for the site. 1 11 The following reports ·are closely related to the present study and have been consulted '1 in its preparation: Clive Lucas Stapleton and Partners Pty Ltd., Brislington House. Conservation plan, Department of Public Works, N.S.W., Sydney, 1990. Clive Lucas Stapleton and Partners Pty Ltd., Parramatta Hospital. Conservation analysis and draft conservation policy, Department of Public Works, N.S.W., Sydney, 1990. 11 Edward Higginbotham, Preliminary historical and archaeological assessment of hospital sites in Parramatta, NSW., Clive Lucas I Stapleton and Partners, 1988. I I 1 Clive Lucas Stapleton and Partners Pty Ltd., Parramatta Hospital. Conservation I analysis and draft conservation policy, Department of Public Works, N.S.W., Sydney, 1990. I 1 I 1 :1 Historical and archaeological analysis of Parramatta Hospital, Parramatta, N .S. W. 1'1 The Hospital site is identified in the archaeological zoning plan for Parramatta as 2 1 inventory numbers 1, 31 to 34, in Central Parramatta. I1 ,• 1I , 1 , rl (I I \,1 II I I • --. I Figure 1.1. Location plan ofthe Parramatta Hospital Site in Parramatta. ill I I 2 Higginbotham, E & Johnson, P-A. The future ofParramatta's Past. An I archaeological Zoning Plan. I 788 to 1844, Volumes 1 and 2, (Draft report 1987. Final report 1989), University of New South Wales, and the Department of Planning, 1990. I 2 I [I 1'1 Historical and archaeological analysis ofParramatta Hospital, Parmmatta, N .S.W. fl 2. HISTORICAL ANALYSIS. ~~I As part of this study a detailed historical analysis of the early development of the site was undertaken by Terry Kass, the full text of which may be found in Appendix 1. This additional historical research was necessary to complement that already completed rl,.- by Clive Lucas Stapleton and Partners Pty Ltd.! Without it, the thorough assessment fl of the archaeological potential of the site would have been impossible. II 2.1. Summ-ary of historical evidence. [I The historical documentation for each town allotment is summarised below (Figure 2.1). l._-I ~I 2.1.1. Section. 19. Allotment 8. The Hospital. The first hospital in Parramatta was erected in November 1790, and comprised a tent 1I with a thatched roof. The historian, James Jervis, considered that this hospital was located on Macquarie Street, near the Arthur Phillip High School. I A brick hospital with two wards was erected on the present hospital site in 1792. The whole site was surrounded by a palisade, to confine the patients. The dispensary was I mentioned in 1798, and likewise the surgeon's house in 1799. I A new hospital was erected between 1817 and 1819 to the design of John Watts. In order to make way for its construction, the Government had to purchase the house of 11 Daniel AlIen, probably on an allotment facing the present Marsden Street, as shown on the 1804 map of Parramatta (Figure 2.3). The hospital underwent extensive repairs before 1848. Furthermore, the surgeon's house was extended in 1832, while the dead Il"!'!. house and perimeter stone wall were added in 1844. I I 1 Clive Lucas Stapleton and Partners Pty Ltd., Brislington House. Conservation plan, Department of Public Works, N.S.W., Sydney, 1990; Clive Lucas Stapleton and I Partners Pty Ltd., Parramatta Hospital. Conservation analysis and draft conservation policy, Department of Public Works, N.S.W., Sydney, 1990. I 3 I :1 rl Historical and archaeological analysis ofParramatta Hospital, Panamatta, N.S.W. il PARRAMATTA HOSPITAL SITE I Town map :1 I o 50 metres I I I I I I I I N I I I Figure 2.1 Detail of the Town Map ofParramatta, showing the Allotments within I Section 19. I I 4 I I I Historical and archaeological analysis ofParmmatta Hospital, Parramatta, N.S.W. I PARRAMATTA HOSPITAL SITE I 1792 map I I o 50 metres I I I I I I I I N I I I I Figure 2.2. Detail ofthe 1792 map ofParramatta. I I 5 I ',I (I Historical and archaeological analysis ofParramattaHospital, Parmmatta, N.S.W. il PARRAMATIA HOSPITAL SITE ,I 1804 map fl 1 o 50 metres [I rl il :1 ;1I \ [I :1 [I N 1 II I I Figure 2.3. Detail ofthe 1804 map ofPatramatta. I I 6 I I I Historical and archaeological analysis ofParramatta Hospital, Parramatta, N.S.W. :1 PARRAMATTA HOSPITAL SITE ,I 1823 map (I (I o 50 metres I I II I ,I ':1 il II :1 N I :,1 I Figure 2.4. Detail ofthe 1823 map ofParramatta. I I 7 I Historical and archaeological analysis ofParramatta Hospital, Panamatta, N.S.W. 11 PARRAMATTA HOSPITAL SITE 1831 map 11\ rl II o 50 metres II t II 1 1 I, I I N I I I , Figure 2.5. Def1liJ ofthe J83 J survey ofParramatf1l, drawn up in J836. I I 8 I Historical and archaeological analysis ofParramatta Hospital, Parramatta, N.S.W. PARRAMATTA HOSPITAL SITE 1844 map :1 o 50 metres I fl \1 I ;,1 ~I I I I I ~ Buildings, wood _ Buildings, masonry I I Figure 2.6. Detail ofthe 1844 map ofParramatta. I I 9 I I I1 Historical and archaeological analysis ofParramatta Hospital, Parramatta, N.S.W. I ------- - • ; r"'rn • •••• II §--..... I " ~ ... --- - , [I I I Figure 2. 7. Detail ofthe 1792 map ofParramatta, showing the 14 convict allotments [I on the south side ofGeorge Street, between Church and Bridge (the fonner extension ofPitt Street through the Park) Streets. The allotments on the north side of the street, partly within the subject site, have been altered by topogmphic and other factors. il The Hospital ceased to be a convict hospital in 1848, thereafter becoming the Parramatta District Hospital, serving the town and environs.