Index of People, Places, and Topics* Note: Page numbers referring to figures, tables, and diagrams are given in italics. Ābān ([deity of] ‘Waters’), 229, 380, 388 agriculture, 8, 72, 179, 292, 322, 326, 328, day, 280, 384, 388 379, 431, 432, 468, 513, 525, 542 festival, 280, 388–389 Ahl-e Haqq see Yarsan month, 130, 280, 381, 388 Ahreman (‘Evil Spirit’, also Aṇgra Mainiiu, prayer to, 279, 339 Aŋra Mainiiu) rite(s), 278, 279, 384 animals, 139; see also animal(s), see also Anāhitā maleficent ‘Abbasid̄ Dynasty / ‘Abbasids,̄ 73, 107–108, antagonist, 218; see also Ahura Mazdā 109, 145, 270, 285, 468, 474, 487, 495 cosmic war / cosmogony, 238–240 Achaemenid Dynasty / Achaemenids, 148, cosmology and eschatology, 236–238, 264, 283, 287, 394, 395, 411, 418, 239–240, 241, 254, 259, 325, 327, 424, 461 330, 350, 439–440, 489, 499–500 see also Artaxerxes I; Artaxerxes II; countries, 25 Cambyses I; Cyrus II the Great; Darius I creation, 237, 238 the Great; Darius III; Xerxes I creatures, 219, 237, 248, 276, 352; Aešmā (demon, ‘Wrath’, also Xešm),̄ 62, 65, see also demon(s) 66, 220, 274, 353 darkness, 63, 238, 447 antagonist of see Sraoša destroyer of the world, 215, 217, aesthetics, 25, 72, 123, 161, 214, 218, 247, 218–219, 237, 239, 244, 256, 268, 276, 351,COPYRIGHTED 372 261–262, MATERIAL 322, 350, 352, 353, 354, see also architecture; art; beauty; color(s); 365, 434, 504; see also pollution food; fragrance; number(s); poetry; theater druj and, 219, 224, 248 Afghanistan, 1, 24, 25, 26, 29, 36, 117, enemy of Zarathustra, 31, 267 130, 139, 399, 411, 413 “fell down from the sky,” 242 see also Hindukush gesture of rebuttal, 373 *Index produced by Dr Anna Tessmann The Wiley Blackwell Companion to Zoroastrianism, First Edition. Edited by Michael Stausberg and Yuhan Sohrab‐Dinshaw Vevaina. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Published 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 0002478652.indd 629 3/9/2015 4:18:43 PM 630 INDEX OF PEOPLE, PLACES, AND TOPICS Ahreman (‘Evil Spirit’, also Aṇgra Mainiiu, fire, 406 Aŋra Mainiiu) (cont’d ) followers, 35, 66, 87, 223, 262; Greek and Latin sources, 439, 440, 442, see also Zarathustra 444, 447, 448, 455 gesture of veneration, 366, 373 Hades, 440, 442 god of Mazdayasnian religion, 31 homosexuality, 281 Greek sources, 440 humans and, 218–219, 222 “heavenly” deity, 129, 416 iconography, 96 hymn, 521 immateriality, 218 iconography, 96, 131, 276 limitedness, 218, 237, 241, 439 incest, 255–256, 318 Manichaeism, 481, 484, 488, 489 Indra and, 135, 151 name, 218 Jupiter, 248, 253 nature, 216, 218–219, 222, 237, 256, 447 light, 215, 217, 237, 242, 254, 349–350, plague of, 23, 24, 28, 448 351, 395, 429, 438, 509 rejection of, ritual, 336, 355, 366, 373; Manichaeism, 481, 482, 488, 489 see also pādyāb‐kustı;̄ prayer(s) Mithra and, 139, 151, 246 son of Zurwān and brother of Ohrmazd, month, 380 97, 221, 236, 439, 444 name, 32–33, 55, 57, 88, 273, 415, 416 spirit, harmful, 42, 274 nature of, 216, 222, 236, 256, 349, 429, tempter of humans, 222 438, 447 triumph over, 337 Nowrūz festival, 380, 382, 384, 386, 387 Ahuna Vairiia (prayer, also Ya θā Ahū Vairiiō, Ōoromozdo, 132, 133 Ahunwar), 31, 32, 36, 45, 64–65, 290, prayer invoking name of, 355 318, 336, 337, 520 reciter of Ahunwar, 63, 226, 227, 239, Ahura Mazdā, 46, 63 336–337; see also Ahuna Vairiia utterance, victorius, 226 son of Zurwān and brother of Ahreman, Zarathustra, 37, 63, 73 97, 221, 236, 439, 444 see also Yasna 27.13 in “Index Locorum” Spəṇtā Ārmaiti and, 66, 67, 261, 274, Ahura Mazdā (supreme deity, ‘Wise Lord’, 276, 318 also Ohrmazd) Spəṇta Mainiiu and, 236, 274 Achaemenids, 89, 90, 241, 418 spouses, 419 Airiiaman and, 418 subject of moral order, 217 animal(s) of, 216, 352; see also animal(s), sun, associated with, 246 beneficent supremacy, 41, 57, 135, 142, 216, 218, antagonist of, 218, 236; see also Ahreman 236, 242, 254, 416 Aməṣ̌a Spəṇta and, 42–43, 49, 57 temple, 139 ašạ and, 51, 55, 65, 66, 236, 273, 316, 321 time, infinite, 238 children, 261–262, 274 Tištriia and, 247 composer of the Gāthās, 70 triad, divine, 55 cosmogony and eschatology, 220–222, Varuṇa, 416 238–240, 259, 270–271, 325, 350, virtue, 329 351–352 Vohu Manah and, 42, 51, 55, 236 countries, 25, 36–37, 414 wisdom, 217 creator, 41, 70, 93, 215, 216, 217, 218, word, 70, 228 235, 236, 237, 244, 318, 323, 335, yazata and, 274 351, 354, 395, 434, 448, 481 Zarathustra and, 41, 46, 63–64, 65, Dead Sea Scrolls, 426 66, 67, 69–70, 73, 74, 76, 196, den̄ and, 217, 218, 228, 237 212, 228, 265, 266–267, 336, 344, father of humans, 274, 280 416, 531 0002478652.indd 630 3/9/2015 4:18:43 PM INDEX OF PEOPLE, PLACES, AND TOPICS 631 as Zeus, 131, 132, 133, 440, 442, 446, Zarathustra and, 76, 531 448, 449 see also Amərətāt;̰ Ašạ Vahištā; air, 251, 252, 439, 447, 502 Hauruuatāt;̰ Spəṇtā Ārmaiti; Vohu cool, opposed to lust, 325, 326 Manah; Xšaθra Vairiia creation of humans, 228 Amšāsfands see Aməṣ̌a Spəṇta element, 245, 439, 502 Amurdād see Amərətāt̰ misty, 438 Anāhitā (deity, ‘Unblemished / Stoic doctrine, 447 Unattached’, also Arəduuı̄ Sūrā Tı̄r, 252 Anāhitā, Anāhıd,̄ Ardwı̄sūr), 37, 89, zodiac, 251 132, 134, 138, 242, 244, 253, 264, Airiiānam̨ Vaejah̄ (country, also Airiianəm 275, 276, 335, 339, 389, 397, 402, Vaejah,̄ Airiiana Vaejah),̄ 24, 25, 26, 441, 521 28, 37 Achaemenid inscriptions, 89 homeland of Zoroastrianism, 36, 38 Ahura Mazdā and, 36–37 Manichaeism, 243 Anahit, 123, 134, 469 see also Aryan(s), homeland Anaïtis, 446 Aka Manah (demon, ‘Evil Thought’), 274 Aphrodítes̄ and, 253, 441 Akkadian (language), 3, 253, 289 Artemis / Diana, 275 Akkadian documents, 89 festival, 388–389 alcohol, 193, 306, 374 goddess of the waters, 132, 275, 389 see also wine hymn, 389, 521 altar see fire, altar; temple Nana, 132, 134, 137–138, 276 Amahraspands / Amahrspandān see Aməṣ̌a Nāxid, 253 Spəṇta prayer / praying to, 279, 339, 402 Amelioration Society (Society for the preserves the seed of saošiiaṇts, 276 Amelioration of the Conditions of the purifies the seed of men and the wombs of Zoroastrians in Persia), 166, 174–175, women, 276 176, 405, 542 “queen of paradise,” 276 Amərətāt ̰ / Amərə(ta)tāt ̰ (= Aməṣ̌a Spəṇta, temple(s), 275, 397 ‘Immortality’, also Amurdād), 41, Venus, 242, 253 43, 62, 124–125, 134, 265, 275, worship, 244, 279 280, 335 see also Ābān patroness of plants, 137, 351 Andronovo archaeological culture, 22 Aməṣ̌a Spəṇta (‘Beneficent / Life-giving Aṇgra Mainiiu / Aŋra Mainiiu see Ahreman Immortals’, also Amahraspands, animal(s), 139, 261, 262, 263, 265, 270, Amšāsfands, Amahrspandān) 380, 395, 447, 520, 525, 534 creation, 350–351, 353, 354, 532 abuse of, 325 festival(s), 380 Bahā’ı̄ Faith, 509 gender, 275 beneficent, 216, 237, 292, 295, 325, Greek and Roman sources, 93, 167 352, 359 haft-sın̄ , 383 creation, 259, 261, 500 heptad, 275, 383 dead, 352, 432 hymn, 521 guardian, 137, 389 iconography, 136–137 killing of, 292, 325, 365, 366, 441, 480, numismatics, 134 484, 500, 532, 536 opponents of, 418 law, 292, 294, 295, 302, 365 prayer(s) to, 341 maleficent, 216, 220, 226, 341, 352, 365; xvarənah, 246 see also xrafstar(s) Yarsan and Yezidi, 502 “protector of,” 70, 228 0002478652.indd 631 3/9/2015 4:18:43 PM 632 INDEX OF PEOPLE, PLACES, AND TOPICS animal(s) (cont’d ) see also “A Note on Transcriptions,” sacrifice of, 36, 137, 139, 140, 292, xviii–xxi 365–366, 376, 399, 441, 451, 471, Arabic sources, 73, 104, 107, 111, 133, 473, 500, 503 249, 254, 255, 256, 257, 275, 326, see also ass; beaver; bull; camel; cattle; cow; 381, 383, 391, 427, 458, 463, 464, dog; fish; frog; goat; honeybee; horse; 468, 492, 493–494, 496, 497, 498, insect(s); ox; peacock; raven; silkworm; 535, 538 snake; triton; wolf see also al-Bı̄rūnı̄; al‐Mas‘ūdı̄; al‐Ṭabarı̄ Anklesariā, Tehmuras Dinsá ̄h (Parsi priest, Arachosia (country, region, also Haraxvaitı̄), scholar), 13, 548, 552 25, 26, 27, 29, 33 An Lushan (also Roxšan) Aramaic (language), 3, 32, 90, 92, 93, 122, “god of the Light,” 152 127, 427–428, 451, 459, 464 rebellion, 150, 151–152, 156 Aramaic documents, 32, 91, 130, 131, 368, Anquetil‐Duperron, Abraham Hyacinthe 424, 425, 427, 429, 469 (French scholar), 7–8, 160, 409 archaeology, 3, 18, 21, 22, 26, 29, 38, 61, ant, 441, 480 79, 86, 110, 121, 124, 125, 126, 127, anthropogony, 282, 481, 483, 525 128, 130, 143, 144, 145, 146, 181, anthropology 394, 395, 400, 427, 451, 452, 469, Pahlavi, 323, 327 547 study, 3, 38, 172, 345, 346, 347, 354 see also BMAC Zoroastrian see body; consciousness; soul architecture, 22, 125, 127, 130, 183, 187, anthropomorphy, 133, 143, 461 394, 396, 397, 398, 399, 403, 405 Antia, Edulji Kersaspji (Parsi priest, scholar), see also temple 13, 340, 548 Ard see Ašị Apām Napāt ̰(deity, ‘Son of the Waters’, also Ardašı̄r I (Sasanian king), 96, 99, 250, 382, Apam̨ Napāt),̰ 134, 135, 247, 417 458, 531 Apaoša (demon, ‘Drought’) Ardwahišt see Ašạ Vahištā as a black horse, 247 Ardwı̄sūr, Arəduuı̄ Sūrā Anāhitā fight against Tištriia, 275 see Anāhitā myth, 247–248 Ārmaiti see Spəṇtā Ārmaiti see also Tištriia Armenia, 92, 95, 97, 119–127, 381, 382, apocalyptics, 115, 270, 271–272, 347, 459 384, 454, 457, 462, 464, 465, 469, literature, 448, 484, 525, 527 471, 474, 502 apocryph(a), 425, 450, 460, 461, 462, 463, Armenian (language), 3, 121, 122, 123, 474 127, 141, 469 apologetics Armenian sources, 121, 122, 124, 125, Pahlavi, 180, 434, 489, 495, 526; see also 221, 259, 423, 462, 469 Škand-gumānıḡ Wızā ̄r in “Index Locorum” see also calendar, Armenian Zoroastrian-Muslim, 535–536, 548 Arš (demon, ‘Lie’), 221 apostasy, 97, 109, 119, 230, 285, 286, 353, Arsacid Dynasty / Arsacids, 94–95, 99, 355, 467, 469, 472 120–121, 130, 260, 457,