Volume 6 Issue 2 2012 1 THE CAUCASUS & GLOBALIZATION INSTITUTE OF STRATEGIC STUDIES OF THE CAUCASUS THE CAUCASUS & GLOBALIZATION Journal of Social, Political and Economic Studies Conflicts in the Caucasus: History, Present, and Prospects for Resolution Special Issue Volume 6 Issue 2 2012 CA&CC Press® SWEDEN 2 Volume 6 Issue 2 2012 FOUNDEDTHE CAUCASUS AND& GLOBALIZATION PUBLISHED BY INSTITUTE OF STRATEGIC STUDIES OF THE CAUCASUS Registration number: M-770 Ministry of Justice of Azerbaijan Republic PUBLISHING HOUSE CA&CC Press® Sweden Registration number: 556699-5964 Registration number of the journal: 1218 Editorial Council Eldar Chairman of the Editorial Council (Baku) ISMAILOV Tel/fax: (994 12) 497 12 22 E-mail: [email protected] Kenan Executive Secretary (Baku) ALLAHVERDIEV Tel: (994 – 12) 596 11 73 E-mail: [email protected] Azer represents the journal in Russia (Moscow) SAFAROV Tel: (7 495) 937 77 27 E-mail: [email protected] Nodar represents the journal in Georgia (Tbilisi) KHADURI Tel: (995 32) 99 59 67 E-mail: [email protected] Ayca represents the journal in Turkey (Ankara) ERGUN Tel: (+90 312) 210 59 96 E-mail: [email protected] Editorial Board Nazim Editor-in-Chief (Azerbaijan) MUZAFFARLI Tel: (994 – 12) 510 32 52 E-mail: [email protected] (IMANOV) Vladimer Deputy Editor-in-Chief (Georgia) PAPAVA Tel: (995 – 32) 24 35 55 E-mail: [email protected] Akif Deputy Editor-in-Chief (Azerbaijan) ABDULLAEV Tel: (994 – 12) 596 11 73 E-mail: [email protected] Volume 6 IssueMembers 2 2012 of Editorial Board: 3 THE CAUCASUS & GLOBALIZATION Zaza D.Sc. (History), Professor, Corresponding member of the Georgian National Academy ALEKSIDZE of Sciences, head of the scientific department of the Korneli Kekelidze Institute of Manuscripts (Georgia) Mustafa AYDIN Rector of Kadir Has University (Turkey) Irina BABICH D.Sc. (History), Leading research associate of the Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Russian Academy of Sciences (Russia) Douglas Professor, Chair of Political Science Department, Providence College (U.S.A.) W. BLUM Svante Professor, Research Director, Central Asia-Caucasus Institute, Silk Road Studies E. CORNELL Program, Johns Hopkins University-SAIS (U.S.A.) Parvin D.Sc. (History), Professor, Baku State University (Azerbaijan) DARABADI Murad D.Sc. (Political Science), Editor-in-Chief, Central Asia and the Caucasus, Journal of ESENOV Social and Political Studies (Sweden) Jannatkhan Deputy Director, Institute of Strategic Studies of the Caucasus (Azerbaijan) EYVAZOV Rauf Ph.D. (Psychology), Leading research associate of the Center for Strategic Studies GARAGOZOV under the President of the Azerbaijan Republic (Azerbaijan) Archil Ph.D. (Geography), Senior fellow at the Georgian Foundation for Strategic and GEGESHIDZE International Studies (Georgia) Elmir Director of the Department of Geoculture, Institute of Strategic Studies of the GULIEV Caucasus (Azerbaijan) Shamsaddin D.Sc.(Economy), Professor, Rector of the Azerbaijan State Economic University HAJIEV (Azerbaijan) Jamil HASANLI D.Sc. (History), Professor at Khazar University (Azerbaijan) Stephen Professor, Russian and Eurasian Studies, Mount Holyoke College (U.S.A.) F. JONES Akira Ph.D., History of Central Asia & the Caucasus, Program Officer, The Sasakawa MATSUNAGA Peace Foundation (Japan) Roger Senior Research Fellow, Department of Politics and International Relations, University MCDERMOTT of Kent at Canterbury; Senior Research Fellow on Eurasian military affairs within the framework of the Eurasia Program of the Jamestown Foundation, Washington (U.K.) Roin D.Sc. (History), Professor, Academician of the Georgian National Academy of METREVELI Sciences, President of the National Committee of Georgian Historians (Georgia) Fuad Ph.D. (Economy), Counselor of the Chairman of the Board of Directors of the MURSHUDLI International Bank of Azerbaijan (Azerbaijan) Michael Associate professor, Near Eastern Studies Department, Princeton University (U.S.A.) A. REYNOLDS Alexander Professor, President of Georgian Foundation for Strategic and International Studies RONDELI (Georgia) Mehdi SANAIE Professor, Tehran University, Director, Center for Russian Studies (Iran) Avtandil D.Sc. (Economy), Professor, Tbilisi University of International Relations, Corresponding SILAGADZE member of the Georgian National Academy of Sciences (Georgia) S. Frederick Professor, Chairman, Central Asia-Caucasus Institute, Johns Hopkins University-SAIS STARR (U.S.A.) James Professor, Director of the International and Regional Studies Program, Washington V. WERTSCH University in St. Louis (U.S.A.) Alla D.Sc. (History), Professor, head of the Mediterranean-Black Sea Center, Institute of YAZKOVA Europe, Russian Academy of Sciences (Russia) Stanislav D.Sc. (Economy), Senior Researcher, Institute of World Economy and International ZHUKOV Relations, Russian Academy of Sciences (Russia) The materials that appear in the journal do not necessarily reflect the Editorial Board and the Editors’ opinion Editorial Office: THE CAUCASUS & GLOBALIZATION © The Caucasus & Globalization, 2012 98 Alovsat Guliyev, AZ1009 © CA&CC Press®, 2012 Baku, Azerbaijan © Institute of Strategic Studies of WEB: www.ca-c.org the Caucasus, 2012 4 Volume 6 Issue 2 2012 THE CAUCASUS & GLOBALIZATION THE CAUCASUS & GLOBALIZATION Journal of Social, Political and Economic Studies Volume 6 Issue 2 2012 Conflicts in the Caucasus: History, Present, and Prospects for Resolution Special Issue CONTENTS GEOPOLITICS THE ARMENIAN-AZERI NAGORNO-KARABAKH CONFLICT AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF Niyazi AZERBAIJAN’S MILITARY-INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX NIYAZOV 7 INFORMATION OPPOSITION Polina TO EXTREMISM AS ZETI, A WAY TO REDUCE TENSION Elena IN THE NORTHERN CAUCASUS ZHIRUKHINA 22 INDIVISIBLE SOVEREIGNTY: SETBACKS OF FEDERALISM Andrey IN THE CAUCASUS AND AROUND IT ZAKHAROV 30 THE CONFEDERATION OF THE MOUNTAIN PEOPLES OF THE CAUCASUS AND David THE CONFLICT OVER ABKHAZIA MATSABERIDZE 39 SEA POWER IN CAUCASIAN GEOPOLITICS: Parvin PAST AND PRESENT DARABADI 48 Volume 6 Issue 2 2012 5 THE CAUCASUS & GLOBALIZATION THE MAIN PARAMETERS OF Argun TURKISH FOREIGN POLICY AND BAªKAN, THE POST-2008 CENTRAL CAUCASUS Tanju TOSUN, Aydýn IBRAHIMOV 58 THE U.S.-IRI RELATIONS IN THE REGIONAL SECURITY Vladimir CONTEXT EVSEYEV 65 ON THE GEOPOLITICAL AND LEGAL FUNDAMENTALS OF THE ARMENIAN-AZERBAIJANI Fikret NAGORNO-KARABAKH CONFLICT SADYKHOV 74 PSEUDO CONFLICTS AND QUASI PEACEKEEPING Alexander IN THE CAUCASUS RUSETSKY 82 SECURITY THREATS AND DE-SECURITIZATION OF CONFLICTS George IN THE CENTRAL CAUCASUS TARKHAN-MOURAVI 89 GEO-ECONOMICS CENTRAL ASIA AND AZERBAIJAN: Stanislav LONG-TERM ENERGY STRATEGIES ZHUKOV, Oksana REZNIKOVA 98 ECONOMIC POTENTIAL OF Amil THE CENTRAL CAUCASUS UNDER MAGERRAMOV, THE PRESSURE OF Hajiaga TERRITORIAL CONFLICTS RUSTAMBEKOV 127 GEOCULTURE AZERBAIJAN: INDEPENDENCE AND THE RELIGIOUS PARADIGM. (THE ISLAMIC QUESTION AGAINST THE BACKGROUND OF Teymur TWENTY YEARS OF INDEPENDENCE) ATAEV 135 6 Volume 6 Issue 2 2012 THE CAUCASUS & GLOBALIZATION NATIONAL CULTURES IN THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE Lyubov IN THE 19TH-EARLY 20TH CENTURIES SATUSHIEVA 146 GEOHISTORY MONUMENTS OF MATERIAL CULTURE AND CONFLICTS IN THE CAUCASUS Rizvan (A FORTRESS OF IREVAN CASE-STUDY) HUSEYNOV 156 ANOTHER LOOK AT ONE OF THE FALSE HISTORICAL POSTULATES OF THE ABKHAZIAN SEPARATIST IDEOLOGY: ON THE QUESTION OF ABKHAZIA’S POLITICAL-STATE STATUS Zurab IN 1921-1931 PAPASKIRI 168 Volume 6 Issue 2 2012 7 THE CAUCASUS & GLOBALIZATION GEOPOLITICS Niyazi NIYAZOV Ph.D. (Hist.), Associate Professor at the Chair of International Relations, St. Petersburg State University (St. Petersburg, the Russian Federation). THE ARMENIAN-AZERI NAGORNO-KARABAKH CONFLICT AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF AZERBAIJAN’S MILITARY-INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX Abstract his article analyzes the influence of the lic. The analysis also examines the ways in T Armenian-Azeri Nagorno-Karabakh con- which Azerbaijan is cooperating with for- flict on the need to create and develop eign partners to manufacture different types military production in the Azerbaijan Repub- of modern weapons systems. Introduction When the Soviet Union collapsed, most experts, without conspiring, unanimously agreed that the downfall of the Soviet Union, a state with colossal military power, primarily occurred due to over- extension of its economy, the main resources of which were used to develop the Soviet military-in- dustrial complex. So it stands to reason that the states emerging from the ruins of the Soviet empire tried as best they could to choose an economic development model that placed the emphasis on en- hancement of the civil sector of the national economy. However, for various reasons, several countries of the post-Soviet expanse were again forced to spend enormous amounts of money on ensuring their military security. One of these countries was Azer- baijan, which was drawn against its will into a full-scale war with Armenia over Nagorno-Karabakh. 8 Volume 6 Issue 2 2012 THE CAUCASUS & GLOBALIZATION Liberation of the Occupied Territories as a Driving Force behind the Establishment and Development of the Defense Complex of the Azerbaijan Republic By the spring of 1994, Armenia’s armed formations had succeeded in occupying Nagorno-Ka- rabakh itself and seven districts of Azerbaijan adjacent to it. After entering a cease-fire agreement, Azerbaijan nurtured the fond hope that it would be able to settle the conflict and liberate the occupied territories within the framework of international law. However, this hope soon proved futile. So the country’s political and military