TurkJZool 26(2002)47-52 ©TÜB‹TAK ResearchArticle CephalopodFaunaoftheEasternMediterranean AlpSALMAN,TuncerKATA⁄AN EgeÜniversitesi,SuÜrünleriFakültesi,SuÜrünleriTemelBilimlerBölümü,35100,Bornova,‹zmir-TURKEY H.AvniBENL‹ DokuzEylülÜniversitesiDenizBilimleriveTeknolojisiEnstitüsü‹nciralt›,‹zmir-TURKEY Received:24.10.2000 Abstract: StudiesonthecephalopodsofTurkishcoastshavebeengoingonsince1988.Asaresultofthesestudies,atotalof43 specieshavebeendetermined,comprising11speciesfromtheSeaofMarmara,38fromtheAegeanSeaand24fromthe MediterraneanSea.WithrespecttootherstudiescarriedoutexcludingTurkishcoasts,theeasternMediterraneancephalopodfauna hasincreasedto51species. Amongthespeciesdetermined, Ancistrocheiruslesueurii and Ancistroteuthislichtensteini arenewrecordsfortheeastern Mediterranean;Sepiettaobscura,Ancistrocheiruslesueurii,Ancistroteuthislichtensteini andTremoctopusviolaceusfortheAegean Sea;andAlloteuthismedia,Rossiamacrosoma andEledonecirrhosa fortheMediterraneancoastofTurkey. KeyWords: Cephalopoda,Fauna,Turkishseas,EasternMediterranean. Do¤uAkdenizCephalopodaFaunas› Özet: Türkiyek›y›lar›n›nCephalopodafaunas›üzerine1988y›l›ndabafllat›lançal›flmalargünümüzekadardevametmifltir.Bu çal›flmalarsonucu,MarmaraDenizi’nden11,EgeDenizi’nden38veAkdenizk›y›lar›ndan24olmaküzeretoplam43türsaptanm›flt›r. Türkiyek›y›lar›d›fl›ndayap›landi¤erçal›flmalar›ndade¤erlendirilmesiylebirlikteDo¤uAkdenizCephalopodafaunas›51türe yükseltilmifltir. SaptanantürlerdenAncistrocheiruslesueurii veAncistroteuthislichtensteini‘nindo¤uAkdeniziçin,Sepiettaobscura,Ancistrocheirus lesueurii,AncistroteuthislichtensteiniveTremoctopusviolaceus ‘unEgeDeniziiçin,Alloteuthismedia,Rossiamacrosoma ve Eledone cirrhosa‘n›nTürkiye’ninAkdenizk›y›lar›için,yenikay›ttürleroldu¤ugörülmüfltür. AnahtarSözcükler: Cephalopoda,Fauna,Türkiyedenizleri,Do¤uAkdeniz. Introduction ThecephalopodfaunaoftheeasternMediterraneanis Thecephalopodfaunaoftheworldcomprises becomingmorediversewiththerecentcontributions approximately700species.Animportantportionofthe frombothTurkishcoasts(9-16)andtheseas MediterraneancephalopodfaunaisformedofAtlantic surroundingTurkey,otherthanTurkishcoasts(17-21). originatedspecies(1)andinastudyevaluating Inthiscontext,thecephalopodfaunaofTurkishseas Mediterraneancephalopodfauna,59specieswere andtheeasternMediterraneanisrevealed,basedonboth reportedfromthewesternMediterranean,38fromthe ourresearchconductedattheSeaofMarmara,Aegean Adriaticand47fromtheeasternMediterranean,andthe SeaandMediterraneanSeacoastsofTurkeyandareview nonexistenceofcephalopodspeciesintheBlackSeawas ofotherstudiescarriedoutinthesameregions. pointedout.Thedifferenceinnumberofspeciesbetween thewesternandeasternbasinsoftheMediterraneanis relatedtothelackofscientificstudiesintheeastern MaterialandMethods Mediterranean,asexpressedbyMangoldandBoletzky Threedifferentsamplingmethodshavebeenusedon (2).StudiesontheeasternMediterraneancephalopods boardtheR/VK.PiriReis,inourstillcontinuingstudies havesofarbeenlimited(1,3-8). since1988.ATurkish-Italiantypebottomtrawlwitha 47 CephalopodFaunaoftheEasternMediterranean meshsizeof20mm(knot-to-knot)atthecodendisused comprising11speciesfromtheSeaofMarmara,38from inthemajorityofsamplings,wheretrawlinghaulsare theAegeanSeaand24fromtheMediterraneanSea.Each performedintheAegeanandMediterraneanSeasat ofthesespeciesareindicatedwithanasteristintheTable. depthsrangingfrom0to500m.Thetrawlnetwas Amongthesespecies, Ancistrocheiruslesueurii (adult followedbyaScanmarNetSounderduringthesamplings. specimens)andAncistroteuthislichtensteiniarerecorded DorsalMantleLengths(ML)ofspecimenscollectedare forthefirsttimefromtheeasternMediterranean,while giveninmm. Alloteuthismedia,Rossiamacrosoma and Eledone Abeamtrawlwithameshsizeof10mm(knot-to- cirrhosa arenewfortheMediterraneancoastofTurkey, knot)atthecodendandamouthwidthof1.50mwas and Sepiettaobscura,Ancistrocheiruslesueurii, usedatdepthsexceeding500masthesecondsampling Ancistroteuthislichtensteini and Tremoctopusviolaceus method,sinceabottomtrawlistechnicallyuselessatsuch arenewfortheAegeanSea.Thenewlyrecordedspecies depths.Asathirdsamplingmethod,abathypelagicscoop areasfollows: netwithameshsizeof10mm(atthecodend)anda Order:SEPIOLIDA diameterof1.80mwasusedforpelagicsamplings.The Family:Sepiolidae samplingstationsduringtheresearchperiodareshownin theFigure. Sepiettaobscura Naef,1916 Speciesidentificationsofsamplesarebasedon Material:118mmML(38°23’5N/26°47’5E)10 differentstudies(1,22,23,24),whilesystematic m,14.10.1998UrlaHarbor-‹zmir. categoriesarefromSweeneyandRoper(25). Family:Sepiolidae Rossiamacrosoma (DelleChiaje,1829) Findings Material:2,31-42mmML;1¶ 45mmML,(36°23’ Atotalof43specieshavebeendeterminedduringour N/34°20’E)260m,25.08.1991(Mersin). studiescarriedoutalongTurkishcoastssince1988, Figure1. SamplingSatations 48 A.SALMAN,T.KATA⁄AN,H.A.BENL‹ 1¶ 63mmML(36°18’N/3418’E)320m,25.04. Material:1spec,52mmML,(40°17’5N/25°45’0 1992;(Mersin). E)890m,10.06.1996(northwest‹mrozIsland)(from thesurfaceduringnighttime). Order:TEUTHIDA Order:OCTOPODIDA Family:Loliginidae Family:Octopodidae Alloteuthismedia (Linneaus,1758) Eledonecirrhosa(Lamarck,1798) Material:3 ,40-55mmML;15 ¶ 47-65mmML, (36°30’N/29°02’E)285m,03.05.1992(Antalya); Material:1,71mmML(36°30’N/29°02’E)285 2,53-66mmML;5¶, 57-68mmML(36°34’N/35°43’ m,03.05.1992(Antalya) E)70m.,21.04.1992;(‹skenderunBay). Family:Tremoctopodidae Family:Ancistrocheiridae Tremoctopusviolaceus DelleChiaje,1830 Ancistrocheiruslesueurii (Férussac&Orbigny, Material:1 ¶, 91mmML,innerKaraburunHarbor 1835) (fromthesurface)06.07.1990;1 ¶, 95mmML,inner Material:1spec,27mmML(39°46’2N/24°21’0E) GüzelbahçeHarbor,‹zmir(fromthesurface)14.07. 1100m,12.09.1988,(northernAegeanSea);1 ¶, 223 1991;1¶, 120mmML,innerUrlaHarbor,‹zmir(from mmML(36°09’5N/27°23’0E)1200m,15.05.1993, thesurface)09.07.1992;1 ¶,84mmML,innerUrla (southernAegeanSea)(fromthesurfaceduring Harbor,‹zmir(fromthesurface)22.07.1996 nighttime). Areviewoftherecentstudiescarriedoutbothat Family:Onychoteuthidae TurkishcoastsandinseassurroundingTurkeyrevealed thepresenceof19speciesintheSeaofMarmara,47in Ancistroteuthislichtensteini (Férussac&Orbigny, theAegeanSea,38atMediterraneancoastsofTurkey 1835) and51speciesintheeasternMediterranean(Table). Table. ThedistributionofthecephalopodsintheEasternMediterranean(S.M.=SeaofMarmara;A.S.=AegeanSea;L.S.=Lev antineSea). (*SpeciesdeterminedfromTurkishcoasts). Species S.M. A.S L.S. SEPIIDA Sepiidae *Sepiaofficinalis Linnaeus,1758 4,24 9,11,13,19,20 5,6,9,17,21 *Sepiaelegans Blainville,1827 3,16,24 9,11,13,19,20 5,6,9,21 *SepiaorbignyanaFerrussac,1826 16,24 9,11,13,19,20 5,6,9,21 SEPIOLIDA Sepiolidae *Rossiamacrosoma (DellaChiaje,1839) - 9,13,19,20 9,25 *Neorossiacaroli (Joubin,1902) - 13,19,20 9 *Heteroteuthisdispar (Rüppell,1845) - 2,9,11,20,23 5,6,7,9 Sepiolaaffinis Naef,1912 - 13,19 - Sepiolaligulata Naef,1912 - 13,19 - *Sepiolaintermedia Naef,1912 - 19,20 - *Sepiolarobusta Naef,1912 - 9,20 6,9,21 *SepiolarondeletiiLeach,1834 4,24 9,13,19,20 6,9 *Sepiolasteenstrupiana Lévy,1912 - 9 8,9,21 *Sepiettaoweniana Naef,1916 1,16,24 9,11,13,19,20 5,6,9,21 *Sepiettaneglecta Naef,1916 3,16,24 9,20 6,9 *Sepiettaobscura Naef,1916 1,16,24 25 8 *Rondeletiolaminor (Naef,1912) 16,24 9,11,13,19,20 8,9 49 CephalopodFaunaoftheEasternMediterranean Table.continued TEUTHIDA Loliginidae *Loligovulgaris Lamarck,1798 4,16,24 9,11,13,19,20 5,6,9,17,21 *Loligoforbesi Steenstrup,1856 - 9,13,19,20 9,21 *Alloteuthismedia (Linnaeus,1758) 3,4,16,24 11,13,19,20 5,6,9,21,25 *Alloteuthissubulata (Lamarck,1798) - 9,13,19,20 6,9 Enoploteuthidae *Abraliaveranyi (Rüppell,1844) - 13,19,20 5,6,9 *Abraliopsispfefferi (Verany,1837) - 2,9 2,5,6,9 *Pyroteuthismargaritifera (Rüppell,1844) - 9,19,23 2,6,7,9 Ancistrocheiridae *Ancistrocheiruslesueurii (Orbigny,1839) - 23,25 - Octopoteuthidae Octopoteuthissicula Rüppell,1848 3,24 - 2,6,9 *Octopoteuthismegaptera (Verrill,1885) - 22 - Onychoteuthidae Onychoteuthisbanksi (Leach,1817) - 2,9 2,5,6,7,9 *Ancistroteuthislichtensteini(Orbigny,1839) - 25 - Histioteuthidae *Histioteuthisbonnellii (Ferrussac,1835) - 19,20,23 - *Histioteuthisreversa (Verrill,1880) - 9,13,19,20,23 9 Ctenopterygidae Ctenopteryxsicula (Verany,1851) - 9 2,5,6,9 Ommastrephidae *Illexcoindetii (Verany,1839) 2,16,24 9,13,19,20 5,6,9,21 *Todaropsiseblanae (Ball,1841) 16,24 9,13,19,20 5,6,9,21 *Todarodessagittatus (Lamarck,1798) 4,24 9,11,13,19,20 9,21 *Ommastrephesbartramii (Lesueur,1821) - 14 14 Brachioteuthidae Brachioteuthisriisei (Steenstrup,1882) 6,9 Chiroteuthidae Chiroteuthisveranii (Férussac,1835) 2,24 9,23 5,6 Cranchiidae Taonidiumpfefferi Russel,1909 2,6 OCTOPODIDA Octopodidae *Octopus cf.aegina Gray,1849 - - 22 *Octopusvulgaris Cuvier,1797 2,4,24 9,10,11,13,19,20,23 5,6,9,17,21 *Octopusmacropus Risso,1826 4,24 9,10,19,20 6,9 *OctopussalutiiVerany,1837 - 9,13,19,20,23 6,9 *Octopusdefilippi Verany,1851 - 9 5,6,9 *Scaeurgusunicirrhus(Orbigny,1840) - 9,13,19,20 5,6,9,21 *Pteroctopustetracirrhus (DelleChiaje,1830) - 9,13,19,20 5,6,9 *Eledonemoschata (Lamarck,1799) 3,4,16,24 9,10,11,13,19,20 5,6,9,10,21 *Eledonecirrhosa (Lamarck,1798) 1,24 13,19,20,25 9,25 *Bathypolypussponsalis (P.etH.Fischer,1892) - 13,19,20 - Tremoctopodidae *TremoctopusviolaceusDellaChiaje,1829 - 9,25 9,15 Ocythoidae *OcythoetuberculataRafinesque,1814 - 9,11,18 6,9 Argonautidae *Argonautaargo Linnaeus,1758 - 9,20 5,6,9,12,21 Total 51 19 47 43 **Ostroumoff(1896)=1;Degner(1925)=2;Digby(1949)=3;**Demir(1952)=4;Adam(1967)=5;Ruby&Knudsen(1972)=6;Roper(1974)= 7; Knudsen(1981)=8;Mangold&Boletzky(1987)=9;Barash&Danin(1988)=10;Kata¤an&Kocatafl(1990)=11;Popperetal.,(1990)=12; D'Onghiaetal.,(1992)=13;Kata¤anetal.,(1992)=14;Knudsen(1992)=15;Kata¤anetal.,(1993)=16;Gücü&Bingel(1994)=17;*