T.C. ANADOLU ÜN‹VERS‹TES‹ YAYINI NO: 2364 AÇIKÖ⁄RET‹M FAKÜLTES‹ YAYINI NO: 1361 HELLEN VE ROMA TAR‹H‹ Yazar Prof.Dr. O¤uz TEK‹N (Ünite 1-8) Editör Prof.Dr. O¤uz TEK‹N ANADOLU ÜN‹VERS‹TES‹ Bu kitab›n bas›m, yay›m ve sat›fl haklar› Anadolu Üniversitesine aittir. “Uzaktan Ö¤retim” tekni¤ine uygun olarak haz›rlanan bu kitab›n bütün haklar› sakl›d›r. ‹lgili kurulufltan izin almadan kitab›n tümü ya da bölümleri mekanik, elektronik, fotokopi, manyetik kay›t veya baflka flekillerde ço¤alt›lamaz, bas›lamaz ve da¤›t›lamaz. Copyright © 2011 by Anadolu University All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced or stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means mechanical, electronic, photocopy, magnetic, tape or otherwise, without permission in writing from the University. UZAKTAN Ö⁄RET‹M TASARIM B‹R‹M‹ Genel Koordinatör Prof.Dr. Levend K›l›ç Genel Koordinatör Yard›mc›s› Doç.Dr. Müjgan Bozkaya Ö¤retim Tasar›mc›lar› Yrd.Doç.Dr. Alper Tolga Kumtepe Uzm. Orkun fien Grafik Tasar›m Yönetmenleri Prof. Tevfik Fikret Uçar Ö¤r.Gör. Cemalettin Y›ld›z Ö¤r.Gör. Nilgün Salur Ölçme De¤erlendirme Sorumlusu Ö¤r.Gör. Özlem Doruk Kitap Koordinasyon Birimi Yrd.Doç.Dr. Feyyaz Bodur Uzm. Nermin Özgür Kapak Düzeni Prof. Tevfik Fikret Uçar Dizgi Aç›kö¤retim Fakültesi Dizgi Ekibi Hellen ve Roma Tarihi ISBN 978-975-06-1038-7 1. Bask› Bu kitap ANADOLU ÜN‹VERS‹TES‹ Web-Ofset Tesislerinde 6.000 adet bas›lm›flt›r. ESK‹fiEH‹R, Eylül 2011 ‹çindekiler iii ‹çindekiler Önsöz ............................................................................................................ vii Ege’de Tunç Ça¤›..................................................................... 2 1. ÜN‹TE EGE DÜNYASI’NIN SINIRLARI..................................................................... 3 EGE’DE TUNÇ ÇA⁄I KRONOLOJ‹S‹ .......................................................... 3 K‹KLAD ADALARI VE KÜLTÜRÜ ............................................................... 4 G‹R‹T ADASI VE M‹NOS UYGARLI⁄I ........................................................ 5 YUNAN‹STAN VE M‹KEN UYGARLI⁄I........................................................ 10 TROIA ........................................................................................................... 14 Özet ............................................................................................................... 16 Kendimizi S›nayal›m ..................................................................................... 17 Okuma Parças› ........................................................................................... .. 18 Kendimizi S›nayal›m Yan›t Anahtar› ............................................................ 18 S›ra Sizde Yan›t Anahtar› .............................................................................. 19 Yararlan›lan ve Baflvurulabilecek Kaynaklar ............................................... 19 Ege Göçleri, Kent-Devletleri ve Kolonizasyon ..................... 20 2. ÜN‹TE EGE VE DOR GÖÇLER‹................................................................................ 21 EGE’DE KARANLIK ÇA⁄ .............................................................................. 23 YUNAN ALFABES‹ ....................................................................................... 24 KENT-DEVLET‹ ............................................................................................ 24 Ortaya Ç›k›fl› ve Karakteristik Özellikleri..................................................... 24 Yönetim Biçimleri ........................................................................................ 26 Yönetim Kurumlar› ...................................................................................... 28 Magistratlar..................................................................................................... 28 Halk................................................................................................................ 29 AT‹NA’NIN S‹YASAL VE TOPLUMSAL YAPISI ........................................... 29 Drakon .......................................................................................................... 30 Solon ............................................................................................................. 30 Tiran Peisistratos ve O¤ullar›........................................................................ 31 Kleisthenes ve Demokrasi ........................................................................... 32 KOLON‹ZASYON ......................................................................................... 33 Tan›m› ............................................................................................................ 33 Nedenleri ....................................................................................................... 33 Sonuçlar› ....................................................................................................... 33 Özet ............................................................................................................... 34 Kendimizi S›nayal›m ..................................................................................... 35 Okuma Parças› .............................................................................................. 36 Kendimizi S›nayal›m Yan›t Anahtar› ............................................................ 36 S›ra Sizde Yan›t Anahtar› .............................................................................. 37 Yararlan›lan ve Baflvurulabilecek Kaynaklar ............................................... 37 M.Ö. 5. Yüzy›l Savafllar› .......................................................... 38 3. ÜN‹TE PERSLER......................................................................................................... 39 IONIA AYAKLANMASI.................................................................................. 40 PERS-HELLEN SAVAfiLARI ............................................................................ 41 Maraton Savafl›............................................................................................... 41 Artemision ve Thermopylai Savafllar›........................................................... 42 Salamis Deniz Savafl›..................................................................................... 42 Plataia ve Mykale Savafllar›........................................................................... 42 I. Delos Deniz Birli¤i .................................................................................... 43 iv ‹çindekiler Hellenlerin Do¤u Akdeniz Seferi ve Kallias Bar›fl› ..................................... 44 PELOPONNESOS SAVAfiI ............................................................................. 44 Savafl›n Nedeni .............................................................................................. 44 Savafl›n Bafllamas›.......................................................................................... 44 Arkhidamos Savafl› ........................................................................................ 45 Nikias Bar›fl›................................................................................................... 45 Sicilya Seferi................................................................................................... 46 Lysandros’un Notion Zaferi .......................................................................... 46 Arginussai Savafl› ........................................................................................... 46 Aigospotamoi Savafl› ..................................................................................... 46 SATRAP KYROS’UN AYAKLANMASI ........................................................... 47 KORINTHOS SAVAfiI .................................................................................... 48 ‹K‹NC‹ DELOS DEN‹Z B‹RL‹⁄‹ .................................................................... 49 THEBAI’IN ÜSTÜNLÜK DÖNEM‹ ................................................................ 49 Özet ............................................................................................................... 50 Kendimizi S›nayal›m ..................................................................................... 52 Okuma Parças› ........................................................................................... .. 53 Kendimizi S›nayal›m Yan›t Anahtar› ............................................................ 54 S›ra Sizde Yan›t Anahtar› .............................................................................. 54 Yararlan›lan ve Baflvurulabilecek Kaynaklar ............................................... 55 4. ÜN‹TE Büyük ‹skender ve Hellenistik Ça¤........................................ 56 MAKEDONYA KRALLI⁄I VE II. PHILIPPOS ............................................... 57 Kutsal Savafl................................................................................................... 58 Khaironeia Savafl› .......................................................................................... 58 Korinthos Birli¤i ............................................................................................ 59 BÜYÜK ‹SKENDER VE DO⁄U SEFER‹........................................................ 59 Anadolu’ya Geçifl .......................................................................................... 60 Lydia’da.......................................................................................................... 60 Ionia’da .........................................................................................................