2020 SP TBILISI ACE AND MOTION IN L ISBN 978-9941-18-359-1 ISBN (Analyses of Megrelian and Laz Linguistic Data) Linguistic Laz and Megrelian of (Analyses ANGU TION A REPRESENT AGE AGE ANGU L IN AGE REPRESENT ACE AND MOTION AND ACE SP A RUSUDAN GERSAMIA RUSUDAN TION A V A OBAL K A IZABEL IZABELA KOBALAVA TION RUSUDAN GERSAMIA A SPACE AND MOTION AGE REPRESENT IN LANGUAGE REPRESENTATION ANGU (Analyses of Megrelian and Laz Linguistic Data) ISBN 978-9941-18-359-1 ACE AND MOTION IN L TBILISI SP 2020 Izabela Kobalava Rusudan Gersamia SPACE AND MOTION IN LANGUAGE REPRESENTATION (Analyses of Megrelian and Laz Linguistic Data) Ilia State University 2020 izabela qobalava rusudan gersamia sivrcisa da moZraobis enobrivi reprezentacia (megruli da lazuri enebis monacemTa analizi) ilias saxelmwifo universiteti 2020 This Project has been made by financial support from shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation (Grant N217344). All ideas expressed herewith are those of the author and may not represented the opinion of the Foundation itself. Ilia State University Izabela Kobalava, Rusudan Gersamia SPACE AND MOTION IN LANGUAGE REPRE ENTATION (Analyses of Megrelian and Laz Linguistic Data) S Edited by Prof. Zaal Kikvidze This publication is free of charge. © Izabela Kobalava, Rusudan Gersamia ISBN 978-9941-18-359-1 ILIA STATE UNIVERSITY PRESS 3/5 Cholokashvili Ave, Tbilisi, 0162, Georgia CONTENTS Abbreviations and Symbols ........................................................ 7 Introduction ................................................................................. 11 CHAPTER 1 Izabela KOBALAVA SPACE AND MOTION IN LANGUAGE REPRESENTATION: BASED ON MEGRELIAN LINGUISTIC DATA ............................................... 15 Dinamicity and Stativiity in Linguistic Representation of Space ........................................................................................................... 17 1. Structural and Semantic Analyses ................................. 19 1.1. Structure ......................................................... 19 1.2. Functions ........................................................ 20 1.3. Orientation ..................................................... 24 1.3.1. Deictic Orientation ............................................ 24 1.3.2. Subject Orientation ....................................... 25 1.3.3. Anaphoric (Canonical) Orientation ......... 26 2. Morpho-syntactic Analysis ................................................ 26 2.1. Declension ..................................................................... 27 2.1.1. Horizontal Area ............................................... 28 2.1.2. Vertical Area ..................................................... 35 2.2. Aspect ............................................................................. 40 The Semantics of the Verb ul-a ‘to go up’ in Megrelian ............. 43 1. Dynamicity ................................................................................ 44 2. Subject of motion ................................................................... 51 3. Kind of motion ....................................................................... 52 4. Time of motion ....................................................................... 55 SPATIAL ADVERBS ...........................................................................56 1. Horizontal Area ................................................................... 57 2. Vertical Area ......................................................................... 69 4 CHAPTER 2 Rusudan GERSAMIA SPACE AND MOTION IN LANGUAGE REPRE ENTATION: BASED ON LAZ LINGUISTIC DATA ................................................................. 75 S 1. The Prefixal Morphology of Motion Verbs ..................... 7 6 2. Conceptual Structure of the Verb Root in Laz ............... 82 2.1. Verb Roots of Motion with Encoded Spatial Features .................................................................................. 90 3. A Triphasic Morpho-syntactic Model of Motion / Movement Verbs in laz ........................................................... 94 4. Spatial Preverbs in laz .............................................................. 101 4.1. Structure and groups of preverbs ....................... 103 4.2. Functions of preverbs .................................................. 106 4.3. Spatial features encoded in the preverb ............... 107 5. Simple / Orienting Preverb .......................................................... 116 5.1. A Communicative Act and Construal of Space .... 128 6. Locative Preverbs ............................................................................... 136 6.1. Adverbial particle [-ḳa] ................................................ 138 6.2. Adverbial particle [-a] ................................................ 142 6.3. Adverbial particle [-la] / [lo-] .................................... 146 6.4. Adverbial particle [-ša] ................................................ 153 6.5. Adverbial particle [-ža] ............................................. 157 6.6. Adverbial particle [-na] ................................................ 159 7. Complex clusters of preverbs ............................................... 160 8. Different instances of combinations of preverbs ................. 165 9. Locative preverbs and unified integrated processes of dynamicity and stativity ................................................................. 169 10. Types of spatial localization ........................................................... 173 11. Direction of motion: horizontal, vertical, inclined ............... 173 5 SPATIAL ADVERBS ...........................................................................178 1. Structure of spatial adverbs and rules of combinability of stems................................................................................................... 179 1.1. Meaning and function of adverbial derivators ............. 182 1.2. Inflectional suffixes of adverbs ........................................... 186 1.3. Synchronically used case markers and postpositions ................................................................................ 187 2. Semantic components of spatial adverbs ................................. 190 2.1. Locative adverbs ............................................................ 192 2.1.1. Horizontal area ............................................................ 192 2.1.2. Vertical area .................................................................. 198 2.2. Adverbs of direction ................................................................. 199 2.2.1. Starting and target points ................................. 201 3. Reduplicated spatial adverbs ................................................ 215 4. Spatial adverbs of pronominal origin ................................... 217 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................. 221 Abbreviations of texts ............................................................................. 230 Dictionaries ................................................................................................... 232 APPENDICES ........................................................................................233 Table I – Laz preverbs and their spatial semantic components ............................................................................. 235 Table II – Direction and location nncoded in preverbs ............ 240 Table III - Structure of combining elements of adverbs ........... 242 Table IV - Locative adverbs ........................................................ 246 Table V - Directional adverbs ..................................................... 247 6 Abbreviations and Symbols ABL Ablative case ABS Absolute orientation ADV Adverb AFF Affirmative / Affirmative particle ALL Allative ANTE On the frontal part of the landmark AOR Aorist APPL Applicative APUD Beside the landmark ARND Around the landmark AUG Stem augment AUX Auxiliary verb CAUS Causative COMP Compound COND Conditional CONJ Conjunction CV Character vowel DAT Dative case DEIX /deix Deixis deix (I>) From the first person deix(I<) Towards the first person DEM Demonstrative DER Derivation DIN Dynamics DIR Direction (path) DIST Distal DR Discourse particle DO Direct object ERG Ergative 7 EM Caucsative thematic marker EVID Evidential FM Fictive motion FV Vowel prefixes / Functional vowels FOC Focus particle FUT Future Screeve / Tense GEN Genitive case HOR/hor Horizontal IMP Imperative IMPF Imperfect IN Inside the landmark IND Indirect object INDF Indefinite IP Impersonal passive marker INTER Between two points of an area INTR Intrinsic INTRNS Intransitive LOC/loc Locative / Locative adverb LSCP Landscape MA Medio-Active voice MOD Modality MSD Masdar NEG Negative particle NOM Nominative case NV Neutral version O Object OPT Optative OR Orientation OV Objective version PART Peripheral part of the landmark PERS / pers Personal pronoun 8 PASS Passive voice PFV Perfective PP Postposition PL Plural PM Paradigm marker POSS Possessive pronoun POST Behind the landmark PRON Pronoun PRS Present / Present Tense PRT Participle PRV Preverb PRX Proximal PST Past PTC Particle R Root RECIPR Reciprocal REF Reference RED Reduplication S Subject SBJ Subjunctive SG Singular SMPL/smpl Simple segment SP Spatial ST Stativity SUB Under the landmark / Underneath SUPER On top of the landmark / Surface SPRES Superessive THM/TS Thematic marker TM Time / Conveying