Strasbourg, 9 July 2004 T-DO (2004) 6 Final Anti-Doping Convention (T-DO) Project on compliance with commitments Respect by Switzerland of the Anti-Doping Convention Report by: - Switzerland - the evaluation team T-DO (2004) 6 Final 2 Contents A. Report by Switzerland ........................................................................................................ 4 1. Introduction and overview .................................................................................................. 4 2. Method ................................................................................................................................ 5 3. Sports and anti-doping policy in Switzerland – an overview ............................................. 7 3.1. The organisational structure of Swiss sport.................................................................. 7 3.2. A chronology of anti-doping efforts in Switzerland................................................... 10 4. Evaluation of the Swiss anti-doping efforts against the background of the Council of Europe’s convention ................................................................................. 13 5. Summary: Strengths and limitations of the Swiss anti-doping strategy ........................... 37 6. Outlook: Towards a National Anti-Doping Agency? ....................................................... 45 References............................................................................................................................. 46 Appendix 1 The doping regulations in the Federal law on the promotion of gymnastics and sports.................................................................................. 47 Appendix 2 The FBDK’s educational activities and instruments for different target groups.................................................................................................. 48 Appendix 3 List of participants in the expert interviews.................................................. 49 Appendix 4 Questionnaire on the state of doping prevention and anti-doping measures in Swiss sport associations and in Switzerland. ...................... 50 B. Report on the Evaluation visit.......................................................................................... 54 Article 1 ................................................................................................................................ 54 Article 2 ................................................................................................................................ 56 Article 3................................................................................................................................. 57 Article 4................................................................................................................................. 59 Article 5................................................................................................................................. 62 Article 6................................................................................................................................. 63 Article 7................................................................................................................................. 67 Article 8................................................................................................................................. 71 Article 9................................................................................................................................. 73 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................. 75 SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS .......................................................................... 76 Composition of the Evaluation team..................................................................................... 77 Programme of the visit.......................................................................................................... 77 C. Comments from Switzerland............................................................................................ 79 3 T-DO (2004) 6 Final Abbreviations ADC European Convention Against Doping of the Council of Europe of 1989, “Anti-Doping-Convention” ADS Anti-Doping Switzerland (Anti-Doping Schweiz), referring to a planned national anti-doping agency ANADO Association of National Anti-Doping Organisations CAS Court of Arbitration for Sport (Court of Arbitration for Sport) CoE Council of Europe DFSC Drug Free Sport Consortium, consisting of the national anti-doping agencies of Norway, Canada and Australia and entrusted with the co- ordination of the WADA's own doping controls until the end of 2003 DK Disciplinary Chamber for Doping Offences of the Swiss Olympic Association DUK Doping Fact-Finding Commission (Doping-Untersuchungskommission) FBDK Anti-Doping Section of the FOSPO FDB Anti-Doping Commission of the SOA FDDCS Federal Department for Defence, Civil Protection and Sports (Eidgenössisches Departement für Verteidigung, Bevölkerungsschutz und Sport) FLPGS Federal Law on the Promotion of Gymnastics and Sport (Bundesgesetz zur Förderung von Turnen und Sport) FOPH Swiss Federal Office of Public Health (Bundesamt für Gesundheit) FOSPO Federal Office for Sport (Bundesamt für Sport); the term FOSPO is also used for earlier names of the same organisation such as Federal School for Gymnastics and Sport (Eidgenössische Turn- und Sportschule, ETS) and Federal Sports School (Eidgenösssiche Sportschule Magglingen, ESSM). FSC Federal Sports Commission (Eidgenössische Sportkommission, senior body of control and co-ordination of the federal sports involvement) IOC International Olympic Committee IPT International Project Team ISS Institute of sport sciences at the FOSPO LAD Swiss Anti-Doping Laboratory (Laboratoire Suisse d'Analyse du Dopage) SOA Swiss Olympic Association, umbrella organisation of the Swiss sports associations, currently including 82 member associations. The SOA has undergone several name changes during the past few decades. To avoid confusion these earlier names – such as Schweizerischer Landesverband für Leibesübungen (SLL), Schweizerischer Landesverband für Sport (SLS) and Schweizerischer Olympischer Verband (SOV) – are not being used in this study. WADA World Anti-Doping Agency T-DO (2004) 6 Final 4 A. Report by Switzerland 1. Introduction and overview This study focuses on Switzerland’s compliance with the Anti-Doping Convention (ADC) of the Council of Europe (CoE) about ten years after it has become effective in Switzerland (January 1, 1993). In 19 articles the convention lists a number of measures to be taken by the signatory states to fight and prevent doping in a comprehensive way. In 2000 an additional protocol regarding international co-operation and the evaluation of national efforts by the CoE was accepted and was subsequently signed by Switzerland (on February 28, 2002). As it is most likely that the Swiss National Assembly will ratify this additional protocol in early 2004, it will also be examined in this study. When the Federal Office for Sport (FOSPO) decided in mid-2003 to contract a team of external experts to examine Switzerland’s compliance with the ADC, it was clear that the results of the evaluation study would not only be of interest for the CoE but also for the Swiss actors involved in anti-doping even if they do not have a direct interest in the ADC. In fact, as the study offers an up-to-date assessment of the state of anti-doping efforts in Switzerland, it was believed that it could also serve as a basis for the optimisation of current and the planning of future strategies. Against this background, the initial mandate of evaluating Switzerland’s compliance with the ADC was extended to include a more general assessment of the problems and development perspectives of anti-doping affairs in Switzerland. As a result, the present report contains a number or additional considerations regarding the structure and the quality of the co-operation between different organisations and actors in Switzerland, which may serve as a basis for assessing problems and planning future anti-doping strategies in Switzerland. The report is divided into the following sections: After a brief overview of the methodology used in the study (chapter 2), chapter 3 offers a general description of the organisational framework in which anti-doping efforts takes place in Switzerland, as well as a historical overview of Swiss anti-doping measures from the 1960s to the present. The main section, chapter 4, contains a detailed evaluation of current anti-doping efforts with regard to the provisions of the ADC and its additional protocol. It is important to note, however, that the evaluation only takes into account articles containing effective requirements regarding national anti-doping policy (i.e. articles 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 of the ADC as well as article 1 of the additional protocol), whereas the articles referring to legal and organisational procedures in handling the ADC and the relationship between signatory states shall not be discussed. Against the background of the analysis in chapter 4, the two remaining chapters offer a brief summary of the main results (chapter 5) and an outlook focussing on the planned creation of a National Anti-Doping Agency. Finally, some additional information is provided in a number of appendices. 5 T-DO (2004) 6 Final 2. Method The evaluation of Swiss anti-doping efforts was based on the combination of methods,