Generic Instability and Identity in the Contemporary Novel Generic Instability and Identity in the Contemporary Novel Edited by Madelena Gonzalez and Marie-Odile Pittin-Hédon Generic Instability and Identity in the Contemporary Novel, Edited by Madelena Gonzalez and Marie-Odile Pittin-Hédon This book first published 2010 Cambridge Scholars Publishing 12 Back Chapman Street, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE6 2XX, UK British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Copyright © 2010 by Madelena Gonzalez and Marie-Odile Pittin-Hédon and contributors All rights for this book reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. ISBN (10): 1-4438-1732-5, ISBN (13): 978-1-4438-1732-5 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction Madelena Gonzalez ................................................................................... vii Chapter One Generic Instability and the Limits of Postcolonial Identity Crossing Borders and Transforming Genres: Alain Robbe-Grillet, Edward Saïd, and Jamaica Kincaid Linda Lang-Peralta ...................................................................................... 2 Reading Nara’s Diary or the Deluding Strategies of the Implied Author in The Rift Marie-Anne Visoi...................................................................................... 11 Contaminated Copies: J.M.Coetzee’s Foe Linda Carter............................................................................................... 26 The Praise of Monstrosity: The Limits of Rushdie’s Limitless Cult of Hybridity in The Satanic Verses Christian Gutleben..................................................................................... 34 Chapter Two Genre Bending: Pushing out the Boundaries of the Novel An Utterly Contemporary Work of Fiction? J. M. Coetzee’s Diary of a Bad Year Grzegorz Maziarczyk ................................................................................ 46 Melusinian Intertextuality in A.S. Byatt’s Metaphorical Metamorphosing Tales Gillian M. E. Alban ................................................................................... 63 vi Table of Contents The Metaphor of Genre and Text: Embedded Relevance and Inherent Instability in the Represented Genres of A.S. Byatt’s Novel Possession: A Romance Victoria Reeve........................................................................................... 80 Chapter Three Individual Identity and Genre: Fashioning the Self Variations on the Theme of Fiction in Stranger on a Train by Jenny Diski Nicole Terrien.......................................................................................... 100 Tall, Tall Stories: Identity and Generic Instability in Muriel Spark’s Aiding and Abetting Graham Ranger........................................................................................ 117 Financial, Pictorial, and Generic Speculation(s) in Deborah Moggach’s Tulip Fever Laurence Petit.......................................................................................... 130 Unruly Novels, Unruly Selves Julie Scanlon............................................................................................ 139 Chapter Four The Ideology of Generic Instability: Postmodern Gaming Not For Sale, or, the Postmodernist Ideology Fanny Delnieppe...................................................................................... 162 Thatcher’s Postmodernists Richard Bradford..................................................................................... 171 Defining Identity and the Impact of Science on Fiction Fiona Dunscombe.................................................................................... 206 Fiction after 9/11 : A Journey through the Desert of the Real Julien Bringuier and Madelena Gonzalez................................................ 220 Contributors............................................................................................. 238 Index........................................................................................................ 242 INTRODUCTION THE IDENTITY OF THE CONTEMPORARY NOVEL: GENERIC HYBRIDITY Contemporary aesthetics is characterized by generic mixing on the level of both form and content. The barriers between different medias and different genres have been broken down in all literary art forms, whether it be theatre, poetry, or the novel. While the publishing industry is increasingly keen to label novels according to genre or sub-genre (“Chick Lit”, “Lad Lit”, “Gay fiction”, “Scottish fiction”, “New Historical Fiction”, “Crime fiction”, “Post-9/11 Fiction”), the novel itself (and novelists) persist in resisting generic categorizations as well as inviting them. Is this a move towards a new artistic liberty or does it simply testify to a confusion of identity? The “aesthetic supermarket” evoked by Lodge in 1992 (“The Novelist Today: Still at the Crossroads?”), does indeed seem to sum up the variety of choices open to writers of fiction today and a literary landscape characterized by crossover and hybridization. The familiar dialectic of realism versus experimentation has segued into a middle ground of consensus which is neither radical not populist, but both at the same time. The techniques of postmodernism have become selling points for novels and the Postmodern Condition itself seems little more than a narrative posture marketed for an increasingly wide audience. Whether they have recourse to a “repertoire of imposture” (Amis, Self, Winterson), as Richard Bradford would have it (The Novel Now, 2007), in other words “the abandonment of any obligation to explain or justify their excursions from credulity and mimesis” (65-66), or, like the New Puritans, make use of narrative minimalism in order to foreground their own peculiarities, contemporary novelists consistently draw attention to the fundamental instability of narrative process and genre. The much-feared apocalypse of the novel has failed to take place with the arrival of the new millennium, but generic game-playing and flickering, narrative hesitation and uncertainty continue to pose the question of what constitutes a novel today and to challenge its identity in a world viii Introduction where all culture is increasingly public, increasingly contested and increasingly multifarious. Thanks to theoretical approaches as well as analyses of specific works, this volume aims to examine the concepts of generic instability and cross-fertilization, of narrative postures and impostures, and their constant redefinition of identity, which contaminates the very concept of genre. The postcolonial novel is the obvious starting point for a discussion of genre in the novel, for playing with genre is a way of both mimicking and resisting the language of the colonizer. Linda Lang-Peralta illustrates how Jamaica Kincaid experiments with the traditional boundaries of genre in order to write back to the dominant literary tradition, by both espousing and subverting it, and is thus able to invent more personalized, hybrid forms of identity. Similarly, V. Y. Mudimbe’s The Rift attempts to engage with the dilemma of postcolonial intellectuals re-using the discourse of colonial history and identity in order to write postcolonialism into existence. In her discussion of the novel, Marie-Anne Visoi focuses on an example of what happens when the reader is confronted with unfamiliar cultural norms. The presence of the implied author in the preface, the fragmentary character of the narrative which takes the form of a diary, the literary allusions, quotes and notes are all part of the deluding strategies used to upset the reader’s expectations of genre, but also to critique the postcolonial archive and question the role of contemporary intellectuals in relation to it. J.M.Coetzee’s Foe (1986) also engages with this archive by self- consciously tampering with one of the foundation stones of the canon and providing a postcolonial and feminist rewriting of Defoe’s classic. Diametrically opposed to the unproblematized literary realism of what some consider the first novel in the English language, Coetzee’s narrative casts doubt on the tenets of unity, coherence and truth and undermines the new version of the story in the very recounting of it. Linda Carter illustrates how the novel is a hybrid copy which recalls, but yet is different to, the original model to which it ostentatiously refers. Ungrounded in any stable reality or fixed identity, the copies multiply and duplicate into infinity, throwing into relief postmodern concerns with the ontology of the text. The monstrous as a metaphor for such ontological questioning is the starting point for Christian Gutleben’s discussion of Rushdie’s “limitless cult of hybridity” in The Satanic Verses and its challenging of the constraints imposed on us. In his attempt to go beyond such boundaries, Rushdie crossbreeds linguistic and syntactic codes and intermingles generic borrowings in a systematic playfulness which blurs ontological and fictional categories. However, his yoking together of incompatible Generic Instability and Identity in the Contemporary Novel ix worlds and his all-encompassing ludism does raise the question of aesthetic and ideological coherence and indeed that of the very limits and possibilities of postcolonial identity. The role generic playfulness can have in pushing out the boundaries