0 A BRIEF HISTORY OP 'Ill& HAWAIIAN PEOPLE ff W. D. ALEXANDER PUBLISHED BY ORDER OF THE BOARD OF EDUCATION OF THE HAWAIIAN KINGDOM NEW YORK,: . CINCINNATI•:• CHICAGO AMERICAN BOOK C.OMPANY Digitized by Google ' .. HARVARD COLLEGELIBRAllY BEQUESTOF RCLANOBUr.ll,' , ,E DIXOII f,'.AY 19, 1936 0oPYBIGRT, 1891, BY AlilBIOAN BooK Co)[PA.NY. W. P. 2 1 Digit zed by Google \ PREFACE AT the request of the Board of Education, I have .fi. endeavored to write a simple and concise history of the Hawaiian people, which, it is hoped, may be useful to the teachers and higher classes in our schools. As there is, however, no book in existence that covers the whole ground, and as the earlier histories are entirely out of print, it has been deemed best to prepare not merely a school-book, but a history for the benefit of the general public. This book has been written in the intervals of a labo­ rious occupation, from the stand-point of a patriotic Hawaiian, for the young people of this country rather than for foreign readers. This fact will account for its local coloring, and for the prominence given to certain topics of local interest. Especial pains have been taken to supply the want of a correct account of the ancient civil polity and religion of the Hawaiian race. This history is not merely a compilation. It is based upon a careful study of the original authorities, the writer having had the use of the principal existing collections of Hawaiian manuscripts, and having examined the early archives of the government, as well as nearly all the existing materials in print. No pains have been spared to w Digitized by Google iv PREF.A.CE arrive at the truth. The principal authorities relied on in the account of Hawaiian antiquities have been David Malo, the historian, the elder Kamakau of Kaawaloa, S. M. Kamakau, the historian, and Haleole, the author of "Laieikawai." Judge Fornander's " Polynesian Race " has been a store­ house of information for all subsequent writers, and the author can bear witness to his painstaking accuracy, his general fairness and excellent judgment. Valuable assistance has been received from Mr. J. S. Emerson in regard to the religious belief, as well as the arts and amusements, of the ancient Hawaiians. A history that aim~ to be both unsectarian and non­ partisan must necessarily be incomplete. As a general thing, the facts have been stated with but little comment. The dark side of the condition of the people in ancient times and of their intercourse with foreigners had to be in great part ignored. The extreme brevity that was necessary has com­ pelled the omission of much that is interesting. It is intended to follow this volume by a primary work for younger readers, composed of a series of interesting stories from Hawaiian history, arranged in chronological order. w. D. ALllANDER. HONOLULU, August 14th, 1891. Digitized by Google CONTENTS PART I PREHISTORIC PERIOD CHAPTER I PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY Nam&-Poaitlon-Extent-Surfaoe-Climate--Oontrallt with Ooral Ialallct.- Soil-.AllimaJs-Plallta .. .. ........ ....• ••.... ........ .•.• .. ..•••••••• ..•.•• 18-17 CHAPTER II ORIGIN 011' TBB RAW ADAN PEOPLE Polynesian Connectione-Malayslan Afflnltiee-Savall the Center of Dis­ persion-First Settlement-Hawaiiloa-Wakea and Papa-Ancient Wor~The "Menehune"......... ........................................ 18-90 CHAPTER ill ANCIENT BA W ADAN VOTAGll:8 Second Period of Migration-Voyage of Paao-Voyage of Kanlu-Voyace of Paumakna-Voyage of Moikeha-Voyage of La&-mai-kahild- Voyage of Kahai---Oeasatlon of Foreign Voyages-Their Becta ••.•. lU-lH OHAPr:ER IV ANCIENT CIVIL POLITY Olaalee of Sooiecy--OhlefB-Court of a Chief-Led Tenure-Tuee-Oas- tom&l'1'1.Aw .••••••••••••••••.••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.•••••••••••••••• ~- y Digitized by Google vi CONTENTS OHAPTER V CIVIL POLITY AND DOlfESTIO RELATIONS PA81111 Priesthood- Common People - Slaves-W are-W eapons-Forte-Battlee­ Sea-Fighta-Treatiee-Marriagee-Infantioide, etc...................... 80-34. OHAPTER VI OBJECTS OF WOBSmP Deiftcation of Powers of Nature-Local and Tutelar Deities-The Four Great Gods-Local and Professional Gods-Deifted Animals-Pele and her Family-Aumakuas-Kini a~Kupuae........ ... .. .. .. .... 311-40 CHAPTER VII IDOLS AND TEMPLES Idols-Temples-8acred Housee-Sacred Rooks-Puuhonuas-Hale o Keawe 41_.7 QH_\.PTER VIII CEREMONIAL SYSTEM The . Tahu Syetem-Calendal'-Ritual-Human Sacriftces-Monthly Tabus- .Aku and Opelu Tabus .. ... ..... ·. ...................................... ... 48-63 CHAPTER IX DEDICATION OF A TEMPLE AND HAKAHIKI ll'ESTIVAL Dedication of a Temple-Purification-Bringing Down of the Idol-Kauila Ceremony-Human Sacriftce-The Great Aba--Kuili Ceremonies­ Offering of the Ulua-The Hono Ceremony--Cloeing Ceremonies-- Th" Makabild Festival-Images of Lono-Puriftcation-Tabu Days-­ Collection of Taxes-Games-Kalil Ceremony--Cloeing Ceremony.. .. M-61 CHAPTER X PRIVATE WOBSmP Family Worship-Fishermen - House-building-Canoe-building -Agri­ culture -Rites at a Child's Birth-Rites at his Promotion to be an "Ai Kapu" .. .. • . .. • • . .. • .. • .. .. • • .. • • . • .. .. 62-66 CHAPTER XI SORCERY AND DMNATION Medicine lien - Necromancers - Sorcerers - Kalaipahoa- Diviners and Prophete . • • • • • • • . .... .. ... .. • . .. • . • • • • • . • ....... ... •............. .. ... • 66-73 Digitized by Google CONTENTS vii CHAPI'ER XII l'UNEBAL BITES AND DOCTRINE 01' A l'UTUll STATE P.6.GU Burial of Chiefs-Human Sacrifioee-Youmlng Custom~nOcl&lment of the Bones-Funerals of Priests and Common People-Purification- Future State--Leaping-plaoee-W akea--Milu-Ghoet&.. • .. • • . 74-79 CHAPTER XIII ARTS AND IU.NUl'ACTUBES Tools-Agriculture-Fishing-Hook&-Net.e-Flsh-Poison---Oanoea-Houses -Furnlture-Yat.e-LighiB-Clothing-Dreae--Ornamenta-Helmeta- Feather Cloak&-Kahili&-Tattooing........... ........ •• . • ••• • . • • . • ••• • 80-86 CHAPI'ER XIV CUSTOIIS AND AIIU8EIIICNT8 Cooking-Awa-drlnking-Barter-Games-Boxing-Yaika-Pahee-Holua - Surf-flwimming - Konane -Puhenehene - Yusio - The Ukeke- Kiokio-Drnms-Danoing-Poetry .......... • . • • • . • • • • . • . • • • • •• 87-94 PART II TO THE DEATH OF KAMEHAMEHAL CHAPTER XV ANCIENT msTORY First Period -Kalaunuiohua - Luukoa-Second Period- Story of Umi­ Discovery of the Islands by Spaniards-Later History of Hawaii­ Alapainui - Battle of Kawela-Battle of Keawawa-AooeMion of Kalaniopuu-Battle of the Sand-hills .................................... 91'>-103 CHAPI'ER XVI DISCOVERY OF THE ISLANDS BY CAPTAIN COOK. 1778-1779 Captain Cook's First Visit-His Landing at Waimea-Visit to Niihau­ Efreot on the :Minds of the Natives-8eoond Visit of Captain Cook­ Worship of Captain Cook-Kalaniopuu's Visit to Captain Cook­ Quarrels with the Natives - Departure of the Ships - Return of Captain Cook-Quarrel with Palea-Theft of the Boat-.A.fl'ray and Death of Captain Cook-Hostilities-Recovery of Part of Captain Cook's Remains .••..•••••..•.........••.•••.••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 104-116 Digitized by Google viii CONTENTS CHAPTER XVII l'BOII TBll: DEATH OJI' CAPTAIN COOK TO TBll: ABBIVAL OJI' PORTLOCK AND DIXON. 1780-1786 P.A.GU Diaeensionson HawaU-Death of Kalaniopuu-Battle of Mokuohai-Inva- eions of Hilo-Invasion of Kipahulu--Oonqueet of Oahu by Kahekili. 117-123 OHAPI'ER XVIII l'BOII TBll: ARRIVAL OJI' PORTLOCK AND DIXON TO TRI: DEATH OJI' KEOUA. 1786-1791 The Northwest Fur Trade-Arrival of Portlock and Dixon-Arrival of La P6rouse-Kaiana's Voyages-The Olowalu Massacre-Capture of the "Fair American "-Invasion of Maui-War with Keoua-Eruptlon of Kilauea-Sea-fight otr Waimanu-A.eeassinatlon of Keoua •••..•.•.. 124-133 CHAPI'ER XIX VANCOUVER'S THREE VISITS AND CONQUEST OJI' KAUI AND OAHU BY KAMEHAMEHA I. 1791-1795 V1eitol'I!in 1791-Vancouver's First Visit-Visit of the "Dlledalus"-Van­ couver's Second Visit-Troubles on Kauai-Vancouver's Third Visit -War between Kaeo and Kalanikupule-Massacre of Captain Brown and his Men--Oonquest of Oahu by Kamehameha I ................. 134-146 CHAPTER XX Jl'ROM THE CONQUEST OJI' OAHU TO THE CESSION OJ' KAUAI. 1795-1810 Preparations to invade Kauai-Captain Broughton's First Visit-At­ tempted Invasion of Kauai-Rebellion on Hawaii-Captain Brough­ ton's Second Visit-Wreck of Captain Barber's Ship-Suppression of Namakeha's Revolt-Consolidation of the Government-Kamehame­ ha's Residence on Hawaii, 1796-1802---Eruption of Hualalai-Kame­ hameha's Visit to Lahaina-Landing of the First Rorse&-Kame­ hameha's Return to Oahu-The Pestilence-A Human Saoriftce in 1807-Honolulu in 1809 .... ... ............ ....... .. ..................... 146-164 CHAPI'ER XXI CLOSING YEARS OJI' THE REIGN OJ' KAMEHAMEHA I. 1810-1819 Ceeaion of Kauai-8andal-wood Trade-Distilling-Kamehameha's Return to HawaU-Russian Aggressions-Building of the Honolulu Fort­ Depa.rture of the Russians-Kotzebue's First Visit-The Spaniah Pirates-Death- ot Kamehameha I. ...........•••••••••.•.••..•••.•••••• .• 165-166 Digitized by Google CONTENTS ix PART III LATER HISTORY CHAPTER XXII ABOLITION OJ' IDOLATRY. 1819 P.A.8:18 Inst.allation of Liholiho ae Kiq-Freyoinet'e Visit-Abolition of IdoJa. try-Insurreotion of Kekuaokalani ..•• .. ... .. ...•..•••.•••....••••••• . ... 166-172 CHAPTER XXIII OOIDIENCEIONT 01' THI: AKJ:BIOAN PROTll:STANT KIS8ION, 1820-1823 Obookiah-Arrival of lllissl.onariee-F.stabliahment of lllissl.on--Oharacter of Liholiho-His Visit to Kauai-First Printing-Visit of the Eng. liah Deputation-Other Events of the Year 1822-Arrival of the First Reinforcement-A Grand Pageant ...•.. .......•••.... .. .....••......••••• 178-182 CHAPTER XXIV LIBOLIHO'B VOYAGE TO ENGLAND, AND DEATH.