4-4-2 double 6 Continue The most common formation you'll probably see in British football is 4-4-2. It consists of four defenders, four midfielders and two strikers. It's an adaptable system where you have power in midfield and a lot of width. PICK YOUR OWN FORMATION To see how Manchester United could compete with a 4- 4-2 formation, click below to tinker with your own team's formation, go to your club's index and click on the green squad selection graphic With two strikers means the front line has extra support rather than having to wait for the midfield to reach them. This formation, like others, tends to free up the full- backs who have more time on the ball than midfielders, especially when the opposition plays 4-4-2 as well. In fact, some coaches see the two central midfielders in this formation as defenders and the full-backs as attackers. This formation also offers the chance for one of the two central midfielders to come forward and support the strikers. It actually comes from a 4-2-4 system that from great Brazilian and Real Madrid sides of former England coach Don Howe sometimes pushthe two midfielders forward alternately to advise the defenders. But some teams, such as England, sometimes prefer a more solid approach by giving a midfielder a more defensive and deeper role - such as Ledley King or Jamie Carragher - to cover the defence. This gives the more offensive midfielder more freedom to push and support the strikers. This type of formation was called the Diamond Formation, as the four midfielders form a diamond-like form, and it favours a team that does not have strong wingers. General Information Sleeping Cars Pullman history For many years the sleeping car was the domain of the Pullman Company, and in fact the name Pullman became synonymous with sleepers. Pullman operated a huge fleet of heavy cars in various configurations, sometimes signed for the railways to which they were assigned. Pullman cars ran on regular scheduled trains on every major railroad, but the Pullman carriers were employees of pullman co. Pullman continued to operate its sleeper fleet until the light era, but eventually became a separate unit of the car manufacturer Pullman-Standard. As a result, there were sleeper cars built by both Budd and ACF, which bore the Pullman name during the light era. The government broke up the Pullman Company 12/31/48, and Pullman's cars were distributed among the railways. Pullman's fleet continued to drive many of them to the end. They did own or former wagons for the railways. S.P. Pullman Car Ownership Before 1948 they would have been all Pullman cars. After that, most of the trains seen on SP trains would have been labeled sp because of SP ownership, but cars remained cars Pullman owners, so written, who were in the pool service. The intention was for Pullman to provide overflow needs. But with the decline in passenger traffic, the presence of such cars on SP trains after 1950 would have been rare. All observations of the open platform threshold had disappeared by 1949/50. Pullman appearance sleepers from the outside tend to look like trainers until you know what to look for. Heavyweight pullmans have a distinctive pattern of paired windows that they give away. Light thresholds can be detected through windows that are a little further apart than trainers and are often asymmetrical. Almost all sleeper configurations can be recognized by their unique window pattern. Pullman Identification Some cars are said to be section drawing space; some cars are supposed to be compartments and salons; some cars should be sections, salons and compartments; some cars are even identified as section observation lounge. Although these statements are not a specific guide, they are certainly indicators for regularly assigned vehicle types and therefore limit the selection. Sleepers are most specifically identified by their Pullman plan number or, more generally, by numbers that indicate the number and type of accommodation. For example, a 12-1 Pullman is a heavy 12-piece 1 drawing space sill. A 10-6 is a 10-room apartment with 6 light bedrooms. The A 4-4-2 is a 4-piece dormitory with 4 bedrooms and 2-drawing rooms. These are just examples... the complete nomenclature (and numerology) of threshold configurations is a very involved topic. Standard vs. Tourist Sleeper In the heavyweight era, there was a noticeable difference between a standard sleeper and a tourist sleeper dividing the sections. It was mostly permanent on a standard sleeper, but removable on a tourist sleeper. Tourist sleepers usually had 14 or 16 sections, standard sleepers 12 or less. In addition, standard sleepers often had one or more private rooms in addition to the open sections, with a very common pattern being 12 sections, 1 salon, a 12-1. Old photos of tourist sleepers show them with rattan seats, while standard sleeper seats were covered with plush. Standard sleepers used to be air-conditioned than tourist cars when air conditioning was introduced in the late 1920s and 1930s. Many tourist sleepers were former 12-1 cars; they were 13 section cars as tourist cars. The 13th section was only the salon sealed with the extension (toilet). In some cases, a warehouse mail van would be sealed, which meant that it went from point A to point B without being processed at all. Roomette vs. Roomette A room is a single occupancy bedroom that is very compact and efficient. It consists of a spacious bus seat, private sink and toilet, a picture window, a curtain and/or a sliding door for privacy and a bed that longitudinal from the rear wall behind the seat. When the bed is down, it occupies virtually the entire room. The passenger must open the door to get out of bed and must go down the hall to the GT to use the toilet. A double room is a much larger room that offers a sofa-sized bus seat, sink, individual storage compartment and two folding beds. The pre-war Pullman-style double rooms are designed in pairs with small square windows, and both beds are mounted horizontally in the front wall, one above the other. The post-war bedrooms are arranged according to an A-B pattern; the A-style bedroom is similar to the pre-war and the B-style has a bed that falls vertically off the wall like a Roomette bed, and the other pulls straight down from the ceiling. This A-B design made the use of space more efficient and allowed for slightly larger rooms and private toilet sitch. Roomettes take up about as much space as two bus seats (one in front of the other), so the sidewalk (flur) runs down the middle of the car with roomettes on both sides. The bedrooms are much larger and since a continuous walkway has to be provided, the bedrooms are moved to one side of the car and the hallway is against the wall on the opposite side. A look at some Pullman interior plans will clarify all these basics. Sleeper Orientation Normally, sleeping cars were operated to allow most seats to drive forward. One of the considerations in the sleeper orientation in a train is to align the car so that the aisle side was on the least interesting side of a trip. Back then, when the railways served first-class passenger transport, they sometimes did such things. There would be a lot to do, as the train would have to be broken up and each car would have to be turned individually at the end of each trip in order to maintain the same composition and still offer the prospect of the corresponding side. Only the best trains - such as SP's Lark or NYC's 20th Century Limited - would cause the railways so much trouble. Tom Cockle On the LARK, the rooms would point west so that the drivers have a view of the sea (regardless of the time of day or night). Bill Daniels This means that the front tangles look forward in one direction and on the return journey in the other direction. which in turn means that the thresholds do not have to be wyed at the end of each journey. Tim O' Some cars had in front of the anterooms: passengers would get out of a car, the luggage from the anteroom at busy stations like Glendale, where the doorman on the train put luggage on the closed trap and the doorman on the ground would take it off the train. Jim Gerstley Sleeper Directive Sleepers to work with gear side to inside of double track to ensure additional safety against shifting loads. Therefore: 13 BDR and 4-4-2 sleepers with vestibule fwd, fwd, Pullman's sleepers with vestibule facing backwards note: not always followed. 13 bedrooms, 12 bedrooms and 4-4-2 cars had the aisle on one side of the car, not just 11 bedroom cars. There were other considerations... usually on double (or several) tracks, the rooms would be aligned on the outside of the car to avoid the chance of Lading falling off passing trains (more of a problem than you would think) and hitting an occupied room. SP also set up the cars so that the rooms were away from the fast lane to minimize disruptive passengers by passing trains at night. Bill Daniels SP HW Pullmans Sleepers SP and T&NO 1948 heavyweight Pullman sleeper acquisitions: Please note that the following are primarily about heavy cars.