International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology Vol. 29, No. 6, (2020), pp. 3246 - 3252 Consistentcy of Base-Ten Number Pronunciations in Batak Karo Language Agustini Tripena1,*, Agung Prabowo2, Agus Sugandha3. 1,2,3Mathematics Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Science, Jenderal Soedirman University, Indonesia Jl. Dr. Soeparno No. 61 Karangwangkal Purwokerto, Central Java, Indonesia 1,* [email protected] ; [email protected], [email protected] ; [email protected] 3 [email protected] ; [email protected] Abstract Batak Karo language is as one of the five main various Batak languages spoken by the people of Batak in the region of origin. The pronunciation of number of Batak Karo language shows the constancy/consistency in the rules of pronunciation at base-ten number and the place value. The place value in Batak Karo language starts from the smallest unit/ones called sada (100), tens called pulu (101), hundreds called ratus (102) and thousands called ribu (103) and so on. Mathematics Subject Classification 2010: 01A07 , 01A29 Keywords: base-ten, Batak Karo language, the constancy, pronunciation of number, place value 1. Introduction Batak tribes have languages which have a lot of the similarities among them or equalities among them. The experts of language differenciate them at least into two branches of Batak languages. They have two big differences so it is imposible to communicate between the two groups, of Batak Karo and Batak Toba. Batak Karo lives in the north Batak land and Batak Toba lives in the south [1]. Nevertheless, in the case of pronunciation of number, there are equalities which are exactly the same between Batak Karo and Batak Toba. Geographically, Batak tribes live or occupy in Karo Land region in the province of North Sumatera, Indonesia. In this province, Batak language is still used broadly by all Batak tribes. Although recently, the Batak tribes live in the whole regions of Indonesia, they still use Batak language in their communication among them. Batak Karo language is as one of the five varieties (dialects) used by the Batak tribes. In this article, constancy of number pronunciation of Batak Karo will be examined. The pronunciation of number in Batak Karo uses base-ten numbers with the place value (the value of the location) unit/ones (sada), tens (pulu), hundreds (ratus), thousands (ribu) and so on. The discussion of this case is limited at the domain of pronunciation of number to state the amount of things (cardinal numbers). 2. Research Method The research methods are study literature and direct observation at the spot both in the mother land tribes and in the regions where they live, especially in Purwokerto, Central Java. 3. Discussion 3.1 Base-Ten and the Place Value One of the base-number is base-ten number (decimal). In this base-ten number, the numbers are arranged by the single digit or the combination of digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9. There are only ten digits and using the concept of the place value of position unit, tens, hundreds, thousands and so on are composed with the higher numbers. ISSN: 2005-4238 IJAST Copyright ⓒ 2020 SERSC 3246 International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology Vol. 29, No. 6, (2020), pp. 3246 - 3252 3.2 The Pronunciation of Number The numbers is term which is used to state the amount of something. If the amount of something has been known, to state it is by using the code and it is called the figure pronounced or written with the letters as the pronunciation of number, so the pronunciation of number is as pronunciation in the form of words. The number 1234 will be pronounced ‘one thousand two hundred and thirty-four'. The pronunciation of 1234 shows the use of the constancy of base-ten number with the place value of position ‘unit, tens, hundreds and thousands’ with the position where the unit is in the right position (picture 1). one two three four thousand hundreds tens unit Picture 1 The place value and base-ten for the pronunciation one thousand two hundreds and thirty four The rule of pronunciation of number of the base-ten with the use of place value leads/refers to the statement of value of position. In Indonesian, the pronunciation of ‘satu’ (one) in the place value of thousand will be pronounced ‘satu ribu’ (one-thousand) that retracts into ‘saribu’ (one- thousand) and changes as seribu (one-thousand). The pronunciation of ‘dua’ (two) at the place of hundreds value will be said dua ratus (two hundreds) et cetera. The specific pronunciation of ‘nol’ (zero) at the value of position randomly, is not ever pronounced. Hence, 1204, at first will be pronounced as ‘seribu dua ratus nol puluh empat’ (one thousand two hundreds zero tens and four) but later it will be pronounced ‘seribu dua ratus empat’ (one thousands two hundreds and four). 3.3 The Dialect of Batak Tribe Language General it can be stated that there are five groups of Batak tribe, namely Karo, Pakpak-Dairi, Simelungun, Toba and Angkola-Mandailing [2]. From the point of view of language, culture and hand writing, there is not always the sparated line clearly shown among the five tribes of Batak because those five tribes have the same mother language. Angkola-Mandailaing language and Toba established the south family language and Karo and Pakpak-Dairi established the north family language. The language of Simelungun tribe is often classified as the language which stands between the north and the south family language. But historically Simelungun language is the branch of the south family language which the separated from the South of Batak, before the language of Toba and Angkola-Mandailaing tribes formed [2]. Toba, Angkola, and Mandailing languges are not different. If we analysis futher, the language of Angkola and Mandailing are the two languages which have so many langualities. Consequently, those languages are called the language of Angkola-Mandailing. With the existency of the continuation about the linguistic among the tribes of Batak, there are no differences among the various Batak languages. The language of Karo and Simelungun are often called as different languages. So, it is difficult to communicate with each are there. In the border region of Batak Karo and Simelungun, there is no-problems dialing which the communication because the two languages in this region have many borrowed words from earch region. It happens not only in the eache of language but also in the case of culture. There is no clear differences among the villages of Simelungun and Karo and Pakpak or Pakpak and Toba. 3.4 The Pronunciation of Number in Batak Karo Language All Batak dialects derived from the proto (old) language which is considered descending some languages. Part of vocabularies through linguistic historically are inherited by groves of the North Batak language [3]. ISSN: 2005-4238 IJAST Copyright ⓒ 2020 SERSC 3247 International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology Vol. 29, No. 6, (2020), pp. 3246 - 3252 One of the usages of language is to pronounce the number either the form of pronunciation for stating the amount of something (cardinal numbers), or the form of the arrangement of ordinal number, fractional (rational numbers) for stating time (year and the like). In this case the group of north language maintains the origin of Batak language. For example, the pronunciation of number ‘three’ in Old Batak language is ‘tělu’. This form is still existing in North Batak. The group of south language changes from [ě] into [o] in ‘tělu’ turned into ‘tolu’. However, many other examples also where the original shape is maintained by a grove south language. 3.5 The Constancy (Consistency) The pronunciation of cardinal number of the base-ten and the place value of position for unit, tens, hundreds, thousands, et cetera do not always show the consistency. In Indonesian language one, two up to nine will be pronounced satu (one), dua (two), tiga (three), empat (four), lima (five), enam (six), tujuh (seven), delapan (eight), and sembilan (nine). Pronunciation for sepuluh is ten, and the place value for tens called tens place-value. In Javanese and Indonesian, the consistency for pronouncing numbers begins unclearly at the pronunciation for the number 11, however consistent the constancy of pronouncing for the number 20 turn to the constancy. The number of 11 is pronounced sewelas (in Java language) and sebelas (in Indonesia). The next pronunciations are “rolas, telulas, patbelas, limalas, nembelas, pitulas, wolulas and sangalas”. Those are Java language. In English language are “twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen and nineteen“ . In the Java language, the pronountion of number 10 will be pronounced “sepuluh“ or “sedasa“ . So that 11 until 19 will be pronounced “sepuluh siji, sepuluh loro and so until sepuluh sanga” or “sedasa-setunggal, sedasa kalih, and so on until sedasa-sanga” (in English ten- one, ten-two, and so on up to ten-nine). In Indonesian supposedly found the pronunciation of numbers sepuluh satu, sepuluh dua, sepuluh tiga until sepuluh sembilan, or sebelas, dua belas, tiga belas until to sembilan belas. The consistency of number in English for “sebelas, dua belas until sembilan belas“ will be found ten-one, ten-two et cetera. But the number 11 and 12 will be pronounced “eleven and twelve” it seem from Seife [4] ”one over ten” and “two over ten”. Furthermore, Seife [4] explain the origin of pronunciation for the thirteen and thirteen et cetera on wards is the abbreviation of three and ten (three and ten), fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen and nineteen derive from “four, five, six, seven, eight, nine and ten”.