MULTI-COUNTY HAZARD ANALYSIS OF SOUTH CENTRAL KANSAS Counties of Barber, Barton, Butler, Comanche, Cowley, Edwards, Harper, Harvey, Kiowa, Marion, McPherson, Pawnee, Reno, Rice, Sedgwick, Stafford, and Sumner PREPARED BY: DECEMBER 2011 SIGNATURE OF CONCURRENCE THE PROVISIONS OF THIS HAZARD ANALYSIS STUDY WILL BE EFFECTIVE UPON PRINTING UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED. Director, Barber County Emergency Mgmt Director, Barton County Emergency Mgmt Date: Date: Director, Butler County Emergency Mgmt Director, Comanche County Emergency Mgmt Date: Date: Director, Edwards County Emergency Mgmt Director, Harper County Emergency Mgmt Date: Date: Director, Harvey County Emergency Mgmt Director, Kiowa County Emergency Mgmt Date: Date: Director, Marion County Emergency Mgmt Director, McPherson County Emergency Mgmt Date: Date: Director, Pawnee County Emergency Mgmt Director, Pratt County Emergency Mgmt Date: Date: Director, Rice County Emergency Mgmt Director, Stafford County Emergency Mgmt Date: Date: Director, Sumner County Emergency Mgmt Date: TABLE OF CONTENTS SIGNATURE OF CONCURRENCE i TABLE OF CONTENTS ii INTRODUCTION VII 1 PURPOSE 1 2 FEDERAL GUIDANCE 1 3 OVERVIEW 13 3.1 EARLY TERRITORY HISTORY 13 3.2 EARLY COUNTY HISTORY 14 3.3 TOPOGRAPHY 18 3.4 CLIMATE 19 3.5 DEMOGRAPHICS 19 3.6 POPULATION 20 3.7 HOUSING 22 3.8 ECONOMY AND INDUSTRY 22 3.9 POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS 24 3.10 SPECIAL POPULATIONS 24 3.10.1 DISABILITY STATUS OF THE AGED 24 3.10.2 HOUSEHOLD TYPE OF THE AGED 25 4 PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS 26 4.1 GEOLOGY 26 4.2 LAND USE 27 5 SALT DEPOSITS 27 6 RIVER BASINS 30 6.1 LOWER ARKANSAS RIVER BASIN 30 6.2 SMOKY HILL-SALINE RIVER BASIN 33 6.3 UPPER ARKANSAS RIVER BASIN 36 6.4 WALNUT RIVER BASIN 40 6.5 NEOSHO RIVER BASIN 44 6.6 EQUUS BEDS/GROUNDWATER MANAGEMENT DISTRICT #2 47 7 TECHNOLOGICAL INCIDENT HISTORY 50 7.1 NATIONAL RESPONSE CENTER (NRC) 50 7.2 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (USDOT) 52 7.3 NATIONAL TRANSPORTATION SAFETY BOARD (NTSB) 53 7.4 TOXIC RELEASE INVENTORY (TRI) 54 7.5 RADIOLOGICAL 54 7.6 METHAMPHETAMINE/CLANDESTINE LABS 54 HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION 56 8 TRANSPORTATION 57 8.1 RAIL TRANSPORTATION 57 8.1.1 FREIGHT RAIL TRAFFIC DENSITIES 57 8.1.2 COMMUNITY IMPACTS 68 8.1.3 RAIL SAFETY 69 8.1.4 STRATEGIC RAIL CORRIDOR NETWORK (STRACNET) 70 8.1.5 PROPOSED CLASS I RAILROAD PROJECTS 71 8.1.6 PROJECTED CLASS I RAILROAD CONSTRAINTS 72 8.1.7 SHORT LINE RAILROAD INFRASTRUCTURE NEEDS 74 8.2 AIR TRANSPORTATION 76 8.3 SURFACE TRANSPORTATION 79 8.3.1 PRIMARY AND SECONDARY HIGHWAY SYSTEM 79 8.3.2 CLASSIFICATIONS 79 8.3.3 BRIDGE RESTRICTIONS 80 9 TIER II REPORTING FACILITIES/RISK MANAGEMENT PLAN SITES 81 10 PIPELINE STATISTICS 82 11 OIL AND GAS FIELD STATISTICS 87 VULNERABILITY ANALYSIS 93 12 EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS 96 13 UTILITIES 98 13.1 ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM 98 13.2 NATURAL GAS DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM 104 13.3 WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM 105 14 SOCIAL VULNERABILITY INDEX 109 15 EXPOSURE OF BUILT ENVIRONMENT 112 16 SPATIAL HAZARD EVENTS AND LOSSES DATABASE FOR THE UNITED STATES (SHELDUS) 113 17 NATIONAL AND STATE REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES 115 18 THREATENED, ENDANGERED, SPECIES IN NEED OF CONSERVATION, AND CANDIDATE SPECIES 116 RISK ASSESSMENT 118 19 RISK ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY 119 20 DISASTER DECLARATION HISTORY 122 21 HAZARDS AND ASSESSMENTS 126 21.1 AGRICULTURAL INFESTATION 126 20.2 CONCENTRATED ANIMAL FEEDING OPERATIONS (CAFO) 131 20.3 FLOODS 134 20.4 TORNADOES 137 20.5 STORMS (WINTER-SUMMER) 148 20.5.1 STORM CLASSIFICATIONS 148 20.5.2 STORM DAMAGE EVENTS 148 20.5.3 EXTREME TEMPERATURES 149 20.5.4 LIGHTNING 153 20.5.6 HAILSTORMS 159 20.5.7 SNOW & ICE STORMS 162 20.5.8 WINDSTORMS 166 20.6 DROUGHT 170 20.7 EARTHQUAKE 177 20.8 FOG 182 20.9 RADIOLOGICAL 183 20.9.1 Nuclear Weapon 183 20.9.2 Radiological Dispersal Device (RDD) 184 20.9.3 Electromagnetic Radiation/Pulse (EMR/EMP) 184 20.9.4 Solar Radiation 184 20.10 FIRE/WILDFIRE 186 20.11 WEAPON OF MASS DESTRUCTION 188 20.11.1 LOW EXPLOSIVES 188 20.11.2 HIGH EXPLOSIVES 188 20.11.3 TERTIARY EXPLOSIVES 188 20.12 HAZARDOUS MATERIAL 189 20.13 SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL 190 20.14 EXTREMELY HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES AND RELEASES 193 20.15 DAMS AND LEVEES 195 20.15.1 DAMS 195 20.15.2 LEVEES 200 20.16 EMERGING PUBLIC HEALTH THREATS 202 20.17 UTILITIES 206 20.18 TRANSPORTATION ACCIDENTS 207 20.19 CIVIL DISTURBANCES 209 20.19.1 HATE GROUPS 209 20.19.2 ACTIVIST GROUPS 210 20.19.3 TERRORISM 211 20.20 EXPANSIVE SOILS AND SUBSIDENCE 219 20.21 ASTEROIDS AND METEORITES 221 SUMMARY 224 DEFINITIONS 229 INTRODUCTION 1 PURPOSE The purpose of a hazards analysis plan is to identify the potential hazards facing a community - whether they are natural, technological or national security related. The plan follows a three-step decision making process and is designed to consider all potential hazards within the planning district and to identify which hazards are of high priority and should be addressed in the emergency planning process. The three components or processes of the plan include: Hazards Identification – Typically provides specific information on situations that have the potential for causing injury to life or damage to property and the environment due to a hazardous materials spill or release. Vulnerability Analysis – Identifies areas in the community that may be affected or exposed, individuals in the community who may be subject to injury or death from certain specific hazardous materials, and what facilities, property, or environment may be susceptible to damage should a hazardous materials release occur. Risk Assessment – An assessment by the community of the likelihood (probability) of an accidental release of a hazardous material and the actual consequences that might occur based on the estimated vulnerable zones. The risk analysis is a judgment of probability and severity of consequences based on the history of previous incidents, local experience, and the best available current technological information. Preparation of this plan has been conducted under the planning guidance outlined in the National Response Team’s (NRT) 2001 Hazardous Materials Emergency Planning Guide (NRT-1), and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Chemical Emergency Preparedness Program “Green Book” supplemental guidance entitled “Technical Guidance for Hazardous Analysis.” Until further notice, requests for information related to industry storage reporting, layouts and emergency operating plans covered under the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA) Title III will be reviewed by the Local Emergency Planning Committee (LEPC) on a case by case basis for determining applicability of K.S.A § 45-221(12) of the Kansas Open Records Act which states “Records of emergency or security information or procedures of a public agency, or plans, drawings, specifications or related information for any building or facility which is used for purposes requiring security measures in or around the building or facility or which is used for the generation or transmission of power, water, fuels or communications, if disclosure would jeopardize security of the public agency, building or facility.” 2 FEDERAL GUIDANCE NATIONAL RESPONSE FRAMEWORK (NRF) The National Response Framework (NRF) presents the guiding principles that enable all response partners to prepare for and provide a unified national response to disasters and emergencies. It establishes a comprehensive, national, all-hazards approach to domestic incident response. It is built upon scalable, flexible, and adaptable coordinating structures to align key roles and responsibilities across the Nation. It describes specific authorities and best practices for managing incidents that range from the serious but purely local, to large-scale terrorist attacks or catastrophic natural disasters. The National Response Framework defines the principles, roles, and structures that organize how we respond as a nation. The National Response Framework: describes how communities, tribes, states, the federal government, private-sectors, and nongovernmental partners work together to coordinate national response; describes specific authorities and best practices for managing incidents; and builds upon the National Incident Management System (NIMS), which provides a consistent template for managing incidents. The term “response” as used in NRF includes immediate actions to save lives, protect property and the environment, and meet basic human needs. Response also includes the execution of emergency plans and 1 actions to support short-term recovery. In each county, the Local Emergency Operations Plan (LEOP) applies the NRF principles that guide the response, roles and responsibilities, response actions, response organizations, and planning requirements to achieve an effective local and regional response to any incident that occurs. NATIONAL INCIDENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (NIMS) In Homeland Security Presidential Directive (HSPD)-5, Management of Domestic Incidents, the President directed the Secretary of Homeland Security to develop, submit for review to the Homeland Security Council, and administer a National Incident Management System (NIMS). This system will provide a consistent nationwide approach for Federal, State, local, and tribal governments to work effectively and efficiently together to prepare for, prevent, respond to, and recover from domestic incidents, regardless of cause, size, or complexity. The NIMS enhances the management of domestic incidents by establishing a single, comprehensive system for incident management and will help achieve greater cooperation among Depart- ments and agencies