Journal Didaskalia E-ISSN: 2621-8054 P-ISSN: 2622-1667 AN EVALUATION OF AHMAD DAHLAN IMPACTING TO THE LEADERSHIP IN INDONESIA Anton Sebastian 1) Stanley 2) 1) Abdi Gusti Theological Seminary - Nganjuk E-mail: [email protected] 2) Abdi Gusti Theological Seminary - Nganjuk E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Ahmad Dahlan is the fourth child. Born in 1868 to a traditional Muslim family domiciled in Kauman, a religious village in Yogyakarta. The village is located just beside the Sultan Palace of Yogyakarta, and is a well-known village inhabited by Muslims. When he was a child, his name was Muhammad Darwisy. Upon returning from Mecca, he changed his name to Ahmad Dahlan. His father Kiai Haji Abu Bakar bin Haji Sulaiman, was the official Kotib of the Great Mosque of the Sultanate of Yogyakarta. His mother named Siti Aminah was the daughter of Religious Judge Kiai Haji Ibrahim. According to the biographers of Ahmad Dahlan, one of Dahlan's ancestors was the first and most famous guardian of Wali Songo, Maulana Malik Ibrahim. Even the Dutch report said he was Arabic. This report may be true because based on this genealogical background, which was strengthened by his interest in reform ideas, Ahmad Dahlan - before establishing his own organization - joined Jamiat Kheir and later sent his son to study at the school the organization had founded. This paper aims to see to what extent the approach strategy and values used by Ahmad Dahlan to advance Islamic teachings? What is the Government's attitude towards what Ahmad Dahlan has done? Then, how is the author's critical evaluation of Ahmad Dahlan's approach to strategy to education in Indonesia? Application: challenge Indonesian national educators. Keywords: Evaluation, Ahmad Dahlan, Educators Of Indonesia INTRODUCTION Ahmad Dahlan is indeed the type of person was born in a strong Islamic who works holistically. Not only does he environment, give or view all problems with one side, but given that Maulana Ibrahim's role as one his whole life and all views are given to his of the Wali Songo was very large in the work. With the presence of the name Islamization of Java Island. Muhammad Maulana Ibrahim in the lineage of Darwis did not study at the Gubernemen Muhammad Darwis, it can be said that he school, he received education, especially religious education from his DIDASKALIA : Vol 2, No 2 Oktober 2019 Page 32 Journal Didaskalia E-ISSN: 2621-8054 P-ISSN: 2622-1667 own father. His intelligence and throughout Indonesia. By 1942, the tenacity as a child of Kauman Village number of branches had reached 1,275. began to be proven because at the age of 2We can see this when he has the idea of 8 he had successfully finished reading reforming Islamic teachings based in the Holy Quran and memorized 20 Yogyakarta, as follows: attributes of Allah.1In 1890 he continued his higher education to 1. Character Approach Dahlan shows Mecca, the center of teaching Islamic everything character to his people and orthodoxy in the world. He is only 22 people outside his religion as an years old. He lived in the holy city for example. He is a person who is honest, several years to study religious sciences. loyal, open (democrat), and highly He was a student of Shaykh Ahmad respects the views of others even though Khatib (1855-1916), an Indonesian- he has different religions. So that it is born figure who at that time occupied better for him to avoid arguments than the highest position in his mastery of the later when someone's heart gets hurt. religious sciences in Mecca. Abdul Munir Milkhan said: After his father died in 1896, Dahlan replaced him, namely as Kotib The relevance of his views lies in at the Great Mosque of Kauman his critical and open attitude towards the Yogyakarta. In 1912 he founded development of science and technology Muhammadiyah, this name is the same as well as his belief in the Koran along as the previous religious school in with his belief in the ability of human Yogyakarta. And he died in 1923. It reason based on honesty and faith. This was recorded that in 1921, was not only proven by his willingness Muhammadiyah only had five branches. to adopt various patterns of social In 1922, the number had increased to 15 activities carried out by other people branches throughout Indonesia. Two who at that time were included as years after Dahlan died, 1925, infidels in the consciousness of the Muhammadiyah had established 23 ummah but also his enthusiasm for branches and continued to grow rapidly seeking knowledge from various 1 Weinata Sairin, Gerakan Pembaruan 2 Hadikusuma, Matahari-matahari Muhammadiyah Muhammadiyah (Jakarta: Sinar Harapan, 1995) 39. (Yogyakarta: Pesatuan, t.t.) 63-64. DIDASKALIA : Vol 2, No 2 Oktober 2019 Page 33 Journal Didaskalia E-ISSN: 2621-8054 P-ISSN: 2622-1667 sources in the country and the Middle former in favor of its programs of East. M. Rusli Karim is of the opinion religious reform.Alwi Shibab in his that Dahlan himself is known as a very dissertation said: This is the factor that democratic, open leader and highly explains the Muhammadiyah can grow appreciates intellectuals from any and develop in a period when no group. He himself did not abandon his movement comparable to it can survive. thoughts in written form, because he His accommodative and cooperative was afraid that someday demeanor had given him the flexibility Muhammadiyah members would only necessary to survive, in a climate that stick to what he wrote without was extremely hostile to indigenous developing the initiative to seek the best nationalist movements. for various aspects of Muslim life. Karim continued, saying: He is also 3. The Love Peace and Tolerance very open to criticism and prioritizes Approach The Love, Peace and dialogue. Not only between leaders of Tolerance approach has also colored her Islamic organizations but also among life very much. In solving all problems Christians. This climate allows he tends to use the Win Win Solusion Muhammadiyah to continue to be principle. For example, when he had to dynamic. deal with Christians, Dahlan was more tolerant of missionary activities, 2. Creative and Harmonious especially during the early days of Collaboration Approach Dahlan is of Muhammadiyah, which cannot be the view that attitudes that tend to be interpreted other than as an indication of politically active are unrealistic choices. Dahlan's realistic approach.Alwi Shibab Therefore, during Dahlan's leadership, it says: was more emphasizing a creative and At these particular stages in his harmonious cooperative approach career, Dahlan emerged as a very between the Dutch government and mature person, very different from his Muhammadiyah, so that both the Dutch youth as a rebellious kiai. His apparent and Muhammadiyah rulers benefit from peace-loving and tolerant attitude this cooperation.The first is to benefit towards Christians meant a great deal to from a nonoppositional attitude; the the establishment of a solid second benefits from the attitude of the infrastructure for the continuation of his DIDASKALIA : Vol 2, No 2 Oktober 2019 Page 34 Journal Didaskalia E-ISSN: 2621-8054 P-ISSN: 2622-1667 organization. verses of the Koran that were very rich Dahlan's extraordinary success in his heart were Surah 107: 1-17: and influence, first, was due to his Do you know people who reject insight and optimism that reached far religion? That is people rebuke into the future. Second, it was caused orphans, and do not recommend feeding by his attractive personality and the poor. So it is bad for those who pray hardness of heart. He never gave up in (that is) those who neglect their prayers, fighting for his aspirations and hopes. those who do riya, and are reluctant (to His realism and patience, deeply help with) useful things. ingrained in his personality, enabled This is not just theory, but Dahlan him to win the support of the Dutch also does it. One day he ordered his government. A secret Dutch report students to go around looking for the stated that he was highly respected by poor and to give them soap, clean the Dutch government. Dahlan is clothes, food and drink and even stay in energetic, militant, intelligent and very the homes of his students. orthodox, but at the same time also has Likewise, when he replaced his a high sense of tolerance. One of the father as Kotib at Mesjid Agung, for reports further states that as a person, example. This designation was not and a person with a disposition and will solely due to conventional reasons, but that is rarely found in both the Indies because Dahlan had the broad religious and in Europe. In another report, a year insight required for the position. before his death, Dahlan was still a well- Weinata Sairin says: Ahmad Dahlan liked figure. According to Schrike, even also used the implementation of his a Catholic missionary, Bakker one of duties as Kotib to disseminate his Muhammadiyah's enemies - said that thoughts to the public. His absence, Dahlan was a tolerant man of Christians. honesty, and concern for social problems at that time made Ahmad 4. Social Approach Social problems are Dahlan increasingly favored by many also used by Dahlan as an approach to people so that he was nicknamed Kotib his ideas (as well as himself) towards Amin, which means, trustworthy others. Dahlan really pays attention to chaplain. the implementation of real charity in the midst of everyday life. Among the DIDASKALIA : Vol 2, No 2 Oktober 2019 Page 35 Journal Didaskalia E-ISSN: 2621-8054 P-ISSN: 2622-1667 Dahlan through the Muhammadiyah organization he founded gave pure Islamic RESEARCH METHOD education teachings; which demands This research is a qualitative research which progress, intelligence, and charity for is literature study (library research) which society and people on the basis of faith and uses books and other literature as the main Islam.