Protecting and Restoring the Waters of the Dungeness A Watershed-Based Plan Prepared in Compliance with Section 319 of the Clean Water Act Jamestown S’Klallam Tribe Sequim, WA July 2007 S’Klallam ancestor Lizzy Fleming & friend on the Dungeness River in 1919. Jamestown Tribal Photo Archives Protecting and Restoring the Waters of the Dungeness A Watershed-Based Plan Prepared in Compliance with Section 319 of the Clean Water Act Jamestown S’Klallam Tribe Sequim, WA July, 2007 This report should be cited as: Jamestown S’Klallam Tribe, 2007. Protecting and restoring the waters of the Dungeness, CWA 319 Plan. Sequim, WA. Report available from: Jamestown S’Klallam Tribe, Natural Resources Department 1033 Old Blyn Highway; Sequim, WA 98382 Report prepared by: Ann Seiter Technical Writing and Editing Lyn Muench, Environmental Program Manager, Jamestown S’Klallam Tribe Hansi Hals, Restoration Planner, Jamestown S’Klallam Tribe Pam Edens, GIS Specialist, Jamestown S’Klallam Tribe The preparers would like to thank the contributions of data and reports from the U.S. Forest Service Quilcene Ranger District, Shreffler Environmental, and the Clallam Conservation District during the preparation of this document. Map Acknowledgements: Unless otherwise noted, map diagrams in this document were produced using the Jamestown S’Klallam Tribal GIS with data from the following sources: • Irrigation Ditches - Montgomery Water Group – 1998 • Roads/Urban Growth Areas/Parcels/Forest cover/Septics/LIDAR – Clallam County 2006 • Streams – WA Dept. of Fish & Wildlife SSHIAP 2007 • Watershed boundary – WA Dept. of Ecology 2004 • Shellfish areas - WA Dept. of Health • Major Riparian structures in the Dungeness - U.S. Bureau of Reclamation July 2007 Clean Water Act 319 Plan - Dungeness Watershed Protecting and Restoring the Waters of the Dungeness A Watershed-Based Plan Prepared in Compliance with Section 319 of the Clean Water Act Jamestown S’Klallam Tribe Sequim, WA JULY 2007 INTRODUCTION: Purpose and Scope . 1 1. Overview of the Dungeness Watershed area . 4 2. Watershed Community Collaboration: History of Watershed Planning in the Dungeness (1986-2007) 2.1 Dungeness River Management Team . 7 2.2 Previous Major Watershed Plans . 10 2.3 Jamestown S’Klallam Tribal Comprehensive Plan . 12 3.* Causes and Sources of Non-Point Source Pollution; by NPS Category* 3.0 Introduction . 13 3.1 Forestry . 18 3.2 Agriculture . 24 3.3 Hydromodification/ Habitat Alteration . 27 3.4 Marinas and Boating . 46 3.5 Roads, Highways and Bridges . 47 3.6 Urbanization . 48 3.7 Wetland/ Riparian Management . 59 3.8 Other Sources . 61 4.* Summary of Watershed Goals 4.1 Broad Watershed Goals . 62 4.2* Quantitative Watershed Goals and Planning Targets . 64 5.* NPS Management Measures (by Tribal Sub-Goal) 5.0 Introduction . 72 5.1 Water Quality Cleanup Plans . 76 5.2 Water Conservation . 79 5.3 Dungeness Salmon Recovery Planning . 84 5.4 Regional Land & Watershed Management Plans . 88 5.5 Tribal Land and Water Management . 93 * Required elements marked with * Jamestown S’Klallam Tribe i July 2007 Clean Water Act 319 Plan - Dungeness Watershed 6.* Information and Education . 101 6.1 Summary of Watershed Education and Outreach 6.2 Dungeness River Audubon Center 7.* Cost Estimates and Sources of Funding . 105 7.1 Cost Estimates of Identified NPS Management Measures 7.2 Current and Future Needs 8.* Watershed Milestones* and Schedule for Implementation* . 111 9.* Criteria for Evaluating Progress . 122 10.* Monitoring and Adaptive Management . 124 APPENDICES A. Plans, Studies and Projects in the Dungeness Watershed Area 1989-2006 . 131 B. Additional References . 139 C. Salmon Recovery 3-year Project List (2005 update) . 141 D. Environmental Program Goals and Objectives FY 2007-2009: Jamestown S’Klallam Tribe . 143 Jamestown S’Klallam Tribe ii July 2007 Clean Water Act 319 Plan - Dungeness Watershed FIGURES AND TABLES Introduction Figure i-1: Location Map Figure i-2: Planning Area Map Section 1: Watershed Overview Figure 1-1: Land Cover 1854 and 1994 (P. Eckert) Section 2: History of Watershed Planning Figure 2-1: Issues and Activities of the Dungeness River Management Team Section 3: Causes and Sources of NPS Pollution Table 3-1: List of impaired water bodies in the Dungeness Watershed Area Figure 3-1 Shellfish harvest closure dates in Dungeness Bay Figure 3-2: Marine waters and shellfish harvest classifications of the Dungeness watershed area Figure 3-3: Federal, state and commercial timberlands Table 3-2: Mass wasting events in the Dungeness Watershed analysis area by subwatershed (US Forest Service) Table 3-3: All erosion features by erosion process type and land use or land condition (USFS) Table 3-4: Length and density of USDA Forest Service roads in the Dungeness Watershed, by subwatershed (USFS) Figure 3-4: Aquatic risk rating in the upper Dungeness Watershed (USFS) Figure 3-5: Dungeness Irrigation System Table 3-5: Results of Dungeness Area Farm Inventory by the Clallam Conservation District Figure 3-6: Comparison of Dungeness water withdrawals in September 1987 and 2001 Figure 3-7: Temperature and flow data for the Dawley Side Channel (Bureau of Reclamation) Figure 3-8: Critical Aquifer Recharge Map (Clallam County) Table 3-6: Number of existing wells and depths by subbasin in the Dungeness Watershed area. Figure 3-9: Density of exempt wells in the Dungeness Area (WA Dept. of Ecology) Figure 3-10: Class A water systems in eastern Clallam County (Clallam County DCD) Figure 3-11: Changes in stream channel morphology from 1994 to 2000 near the Dungeness Meadows dike at RM 8 (Johnson/BOR) Figure 3-12: Major riparian structures along the Dungeness River Table 3-7: Major levees in the Dungeness River Table 3-8: Dungeness River reaches without riparian vegetation in 2003 Figure 3-13: Channel locations of the river mouth at selected years between 1855 and 2003 (Collins/UW) Jamestown S’Klallam Tribe iii July 2007 Clean Water Act 319 Plan - Dungeness Watershed Figure 3-14: Shoreline development near the mouths of Meadowbrook Creek and Cooper Creek (PNPTC photos) Table 3-9: Water Temperature Data at 6 monitoring sites for Siebert Creek in 2003 Table 3-10: Bridges along the lower Dungeness River Figure 3-15: Urban Growth Area Boundaries Table 3-11: Existing and Potential Buildout of Residential Units in the Dungeness Watershed Area by Subbasin Figure 3-16: Buildout map of Eastern Clallam County Figure 3-17: Sources of Nitrates in the Dungeness Watershed Area Figure 3-18: Map of septic systems of concern -- set of 2 Figure 3-19: Map of golf courses in the Dungeness watershed Figure 3-20: Map of impervious surfaces in the Dungeness watershed (Ecology) Figure 3-21: Dungeness River Knotweed Project 2006 Section 4: Goals Table 4-1: Washington State Water Quality Criteria for Fecal Coliform Bacteria Table 4-2: Fecal coliform target reductions and concentrations for tributaries to Dungeness Bay Table 4-3: Fecal coliform target reductions and concentrations for Dungeness River and Tributaries Table 4-4: Fecal coliform loading reductions necessary to meet water quality standards for Dungeness Bay marine sites and the Dungeness River during the critical period Table 4-5: Fecal coliform reductions to meet Class AA freshwater standards for the ditches to the inner Bay, October 2001 - September 2002 Table 4-6: Recommended Instream Flow Levels for Dungeness Planning Area streams Figure 4-1: Dungeness River mean half-monthly flows, recommended IFIM instream flows, and additional target flows. Table 4-7: Dungeness Chinook Escapement Planning Targets in Comparison with Mean Escapement 1987-2001 Section 5: NPS Management Measures Table 5-1: Summary of Management Measures by NPS Categories/Sub-Categories Table 5-2: Summary of NPS Management Measures in the Clean Water Strategy and Detailed Implementation Plan Table 5-3: Water Rights and Claims on the Dungeness River Table 5-4: Potential Pollutant Loading Sources, Activities, and Management Measures Described in the Comprehensive Irrigation District Management Plan Figure 5-1: Chinook redds in the Dungeness River 2004-2006 Table 5-5: Key Restoration Opportunities—Slab Camp Creek Subwatershed Figure 5-2: Tribal properties in the Dungeness Watershed Area Figure 5-3: Tribal property at Rivers End Road Figure 5-4: Tribal property at Railroad Bridge Park Jamestown S’Klallam Tribe iv July 2007 Clean Water Act 319 Plan - Dungeness Watershed Section 7: Cost Estimates Table 7-1: Summary of estimated costs for implementing five tribal goals Section 8: Milestones for Implementation Table 8-1: Milestones and Measures for Implementation and Criteria for Evaluating Progress for implementing Tribal Goals Section 10: Monitoring and Adaptive Management Table 10-1 Summary of Dungeness Watershed Area Monitoring Activities Jamestown S’Klallam Tribe v July 2007 Clean Water Act 319 Plan - Dungeness Watershed Figure i-1: General Location of the Dungeness Watershed, Washington State Jamestown S’Klallam Tribe vi July 2007 Clean Water Act 319 Plan - Dungeness Watershed INTRODUCTION: Purpose and Scope Located on the north coast of the Olympic Peninsula (Figure i-1), the Dungeness watershed has always been the home of the Jamestown S’Klallam Tribe, providing abundant resources from its forests, rivers, tidelands and marine waters. Following early white settlement, the Dungeness band of S’Klallams pooled $500 in gold coin in 1874 to purchase 200 acres of land along Dungeness Bay, to remain in their ancestral homeland and avoid moving to a reservation. They named their community after their leader known as Lord James Balch. Today many citizens of the Jamestown S’Klallam Tribe still reside in the Dungeness watershed. The Tribe owns riparian property along the Dungeness River at three locations from the river mouth to river mile 7, and a small tideland area in Dungeness Bay. Tribal citizens harvest fish and shellfish from Dungeness Bay for ceremonial, subsistence and commercial purposes. Waters originating in the upper Dungeness watershed and associated tributaries, and estuarine/marine waters along the Strait of Juan de Fuca directly affect these tribal lands and waters, and are the subject of this plan.