1 Index Index ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 2 Letter from the Secretary General ............................................................................................................................ 3 Letter from the Secretary General ........................................................................................................................... 4 Letter from the Directors: ............................................................................................................................................ 5 Introduction: ................................................................................................................................................................. 7 History of the Topic: .................................................................................................................................................. 8 Current Situation: ....................................................................................................................................................... 9 Position Papers Guidelines ....................................................................................................................................13 Past International Actions: ...................................................................................................................................16 Operation Sophia: ................................................................................................................................................16 United Nations Voluntary Trust Fund for Victims of Trafficking in Persons: .........................16 Blue Heart Campaign: .......................................................................................................................................16 Possible Blocs: .............................................................................................................................................................17 Countries of Origin: ............................................................................................................................................17 Countries of Destination: ..................................................................................................................................17 Third Party Countries: ......................................................................................................................................18 Questions a Resolution Must Answer ...............................................................................................................18 Bibliography: ..............................................................................................................................................................20 Letter from the Secretary General Dear delegates, Welcome to International Universities MUN 2019! My name is Valerie Delgado and I have the pleasure to be the Co-Secretary General with Alessia in this conference. I am 17 years old and I am currently a senior at Colegio Italiano Antonio Raimondi. My MUN experience started in November of 2016 with my school’s delegation, participating in Santa María Model UN. Until today, I have participated in a total of 22 conferences either as a delegate or as part of the staff team. Getting involved in MUN has been, without a doubt, one of the best decisions I have taken. It has allowed me to understand new perspectives, meet people who I now consider my close friends and to develop my soft skills. I hope this experience is just as valuable for you and, taking this into consideration, you use your full potential. After all, we want you to have fun, to leave learning something new, making friends or even getting a prom date. The International Universities team, Alessia, and I, during the last two months have dedicated most of our time to prepare the conference and we hope you enjoy it as much as we do. In case you have any doubt, complaint, opinion, or if there is anything you want to tell us, Alessia and I are here for you. See you in October! Valerie Delgado Co-Secretary General International Universities Model United Nations 2019 [email protected] Letter from the Secretary General Welcome everybody! My name is Alessia Lara and I have the honor to be your Co-Secretary General alongside Valerie in this first edition of International Universities Model United Nations 2019. I currently am 16 years old and I am a senior student of Colegio Italiano Antonio Raimondi. It was thanks to the school’s delegation that I got involved in MUN. My first event was back in 2017 and, since that moment, I have not been able to stop going to more conferences as a delegate, chair and part of the Secretariat. For me, IUMUN is still a dream. Sometimes I still ask Valerie if this is truly happening. We want every single one of you, delegates, to be able to enjoy both the conference and the amazing experience of being part of the MUN community. I would like to tell delegates who are participating for the first time in an event to never give up and, when the conference is over, to be able to look back and say that you were able to learn and grow from this new episode. I genuinely hope you get to enjoy MUN as much as we do. We are extremely thankful for International Universities who, for the first time, are organizing an event and uniting schools from all around Lima in a great conference. Valerie and I will be at your disposition all weekend. If any of you have a doubt, suggestion, comment, or just want to say: “Hello!”, do not hesitate to approach us. We will gladly stop to talk to you guys. If you have any further inquiries, please contact us. See you soon! Alessia Lara C. Co-Secretary General International Universities Model United Nations 2019 [email protected] Letter from the Directors: Dear Delegates, Welcome to International Universities Model United Nations 2019 (IUMUN)! My name is Daniela Azmouz and I will have the honor of being one of your Directors during these following days on the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). We are truly excited for this conference, as well as we hope you all come full of energy and anxious to show your skills. To mention a little about myself, I graduated from Villa Maria La Planicie last year, and I am currently studying International Business at Universidad del Pacífico. I joined Peruvian Debate Society (PDS) this year but started doing Model United Nations (MUN) in 2016 when I was still in school, and it was definitely one of the best choices I have ever made. Not only did I got closer to people like Nenni who is now one of my best friends, and got the chance to meet new friends, but I also learned skills that helped me in school and now in university. I hope you all take advantage of this opportunity and learn more each time you debate, because it is really an unforgettable and valuable opportunity. We hope you are all prepared for these three days of debate and we expect to see you all full of willingness to work together, keeping in mind diplomacy and policy. Finally, do not forget to have fun! Both Nenni and I agree that our favorite conferences are not necessarily the ones in which we went with the intention of getting the highest award, but the ones in which we actu ally enjoyed the topic and had the most fun. If during research any question arises regarding the topic in general, position papers, or the committee as a whole, feel free to reach to us to any of the e-mails mentioned in the end of this study guide! We will be pleased to help you. Best wishes and see you all this coming weekend at the conference! :) Daniela Azmouz Co-Chair of United Nations Human Rights Council Letter from the Directors: Dear Delegates, Welcome to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)! My name is Nennele Rivadeneira, and I will have the opportunity of being one of your Directors during these following days on the first edition of International Universities Model United Nations (IUMUN). We are very excited to start this journey with you all, having good expectations of you and hoping that you come with innovative solutions and a lot of desire to debate. For you to get to know me a little better, I graduated from Villa Maria La Planicie last year, and I’m currently studying Law at Universidad de Lima. In my high school years, Model United Nations (MUN) was one of my favorite activities, starting the journey back in 2016 and having the opportunity to debate in both national conferences and some others abroad. Thanks to MUN, I got closer to people I already knew, like Dani, and got to make new amazing friends, being further able to debate together in several opportunities and have lots of fun together. I joined Peruvian Debate Society (PDS) this year and am really excited for the new season ahead of us. Along the years, I have discovered and understood that MUN is an environment for self- development and growth, either as a person or a delegate, helping us gain really useful skills for life; as well as meeting incredible people, so I highly encourage you to take advantage of this opportunity. Azmouz and I cannot wait to meet you, so do your best during your preparation process, and come to committee with your best attitude and desire to make this debate a really fruitful one! Finally, remember to be confident and have fun! We truly hope