CAV [398] CAV to is [To CAVE in, v. n. To submit, yield.] 3. By Rudd. cavillis not only translated lots, " but responses of oracles." To CAVE over, v. n. To fall over suddenly, S. And quhilis, he says, the cauillis of Licia, down a he caves back over "Sitting [on] bedside, And quhilis fra Jupiter sent doun alsua so that his feet stack out stiff and dead." Melvill's The messingere of goddis bryngis throw the skyis MS., 32. Sa fereful and command on wise. " p. charge thys But the hot & the with the stark ale 55. rowing stoup " Doug. Virgil, 112, hard beside him made him at once to cave over asleep. 4. B. Ibid., p. 115. Stateappointed, allotmentinProvidence,S. "Let ilka ane be content with his ain kaoel ;" Ram- To v. a. To from the CAVE, separate grain say's S. Prov., p. 58. after S. B. broken straw, threshing, -I should be right content For the kind cavel that to me was lent. It has nearly the same sense in S. A., beingdefined by " Ross's Helenore, 128. Sibb., to separate corn from the chaff." This indeed p. I dacker'd wi' him seems the original idea ; Teut. kav-en, eventilare paleas ; by mysel', Ye wish't it to kavel. and this from kaf, leave, chaff. my Poems in the Buchan Dialect, p. 10. Perhaps this v., both as signifying to toss, and to from the be viewed as the separate grain straw, may 5. A division or share of which has i property; same with Isl. kaf-a, volutare ; kafa heyi, foenum received this its volutare, to toss or cave hay. It appears to have been denomination from being used in the same sense in O. E. "I caue corne Je- ; originally determined by lot, S. B. scoux le B. iii. F. b. grain." Palsgr. 183, ' ' In this sense it is particularly applied to the part a field which falls to one on a division lots." CAVE, s. A deficiency in understanding, of by Aberd. Gl. Surv. Moray. "The Town and Bishop feued out this fishing in Isl. kef-ia, supprimere, and kaef, interclusio animae, shares, six of them called the King's cavil, and the might seem allied. But they properly denote bodily other six the Bishop's cavil." State, Leslie of Powis, suffering. Teut. keye, stultus, insanus. &c., vers. Fraser of Fraserfield, p. 17. E. lot is used in the same sense. s. state of or CAVE'E, A commotion, per- "The half tend siluer of bayth the cavnllis of the turbation of Fr. furdis." Aberd. A. 1538, V. 16. mind, Aberd.; perhaps q. " Reg. They got about 40 chalders of victual and silver cas vif, a matter that gives or requires ac- rent out of the bishop's kavil, consisting of three cobles like S. PaxiL tivity ; on the water of Don, and other rents out of the samen " water, to help to make up this furnishing. Spalding, KAVEL, KEVIL, s. CAVEL, CAUIL, CAFLE, i. 230, 231. '' " 1. Expl. a rod, a pole, a long staff." This then was the lot of the tribe of the children &c. 1. The Kenyie cleikit to a cavel of Judah," Judges, xv. It is true of this Chr. Kirk, st. 7. surprising that the origin word it should hitherto have been overlooked ; especially as Callander says that it should be written kevel or occurs both in its primary, and in its metaph. sense in ijfvel; erroneously deriving it from Goth, gafflack, a our old Rudd. thinks that it be from of the ancient Goths A.-S. writings. may kind javelin among ; gafe- A.-S. cavel, calathus, because lots might be thrown litcas ; whence S. gavelok, an iron crow. : " Tytler says ' ' into a basket, as among the Greeks and Romans into Probably a cudgel or rung. If this be the sense, it an urn. But he considers, as its most natural origin, is unquestionably the same word with Su.-G. kafle, L. B. cavilla, talus, the joint by which the leg is bacillus, rotundus usus, Ihre ; pertica, cujuscunque foot as of this united to the ; bones description seem Germ, keule, a club. But as in other copies, it is, the to have been anciently used for lots. Sibb. gives no cavel, it may perhaps denote "a sorry fellow," as expl. other derivation. Lye refers to C. B. kyvlwr as also by Mr. Chalmers. V. KAVEL. denoting lots, Jun. Etym. But cavel is Su.-G. Isl. which 2. A lot, S. keul, S. A. Hence, "to cast merely kafle, pri- marily means a rod, and is transferred to a lot in cavels," to cast lots. Cavel, id. Northumb. general. Verelius gives the following definition of pi. Gl. Grose. Kaflar, which points out the reason of the transition. ' ' sticks or each of which the lot of an Lat ws cheyss v off this gud cumpany, Small rods, on Syne cafiis cast quha sail our master be. heir, in the division of an inheritance, is inscribed. Wallace, vii. 378, MS. These rods are thrown together into a lap or vessel, that And they cast kemls them amang, and afterwards drawn out by the heirs, each And kevils them between, may take that lot for his inheritance which is in- And they cast kevils them amang, scribed on the rod." Hence this phrase is used Wha suld gae kill the king. both by the Isl. and Sw. Hkipta med lut oc kafle; Minstrelsy Border, ii. 81. Tactu bacilli et sortitione hereditatem dividere. In Sometimes by our writers, the phrase, to cast in cavyll Sw. this transaction is denominated luttkaflar. is used. The language of our old laws is quite analogous; ' ' Thir prudent men returnit the fourt moneth efter "Ane stallanger at na time may haue lot, cult, nor to Argyle, quhare kyng Fergus was resydent for the cavel, anent merchandice with aue Burges, but only tyme. In quhais presence all the landis of Scotland within time of ane fair." Burrow Lawes, c. 59. war cousin in cavyll amang the nobyllis thairof." Bel- I observe, that this very passage, and a parallel lend. Cron. F. 9, b. one from Stat. Gild. c. 20, have been quoted in " ' ' To deliuer him thre thairof [blak bonattis] be ane proof that both kevil and lot originally meant only cawill." Aberd. Reg. A. 1538, V. 15, p. 727. a portion, or share of any thing," Minstrelsy, ii. 90. "Happy man, happy kevel," S. Prov.; "jocosely This, however, as has been seen, is only a secondary spoken when people are drawing lots, of when it has and metaph. sense. It is added, "In both these laws, fallen out well with us, or our friend." Kelly, p. 159. lot and cavil signify a share in trade." These terms, CAV [399] C A W " indued, may be thus expl., in a loose or general sense. That the said Dauid Male vile sail brouke and joyse But, in their strict and appropriate signification, as the tane half of the gaide laudis, eftir the forme of the here used, they refer to what seems to have been a first kaveling and de/in:/ made betuix him & the said " very ancient custom at fairs in S., a custom which still Thomas quhen the said Dauid enterit to his tak. Act. prevails, in the North at least. As multitudes of Dom. Cone. A. 1480, p. 61. c/iapmfH have been accustomed to repair to these fairs Teut. kavelinyhe, sortitio, sortitus, Kilian. This from various parts of the country, and to erect stalls, word does not seem to have been incorporated into or temporary booths, in the street, or wherever the L. B., unless we view cavelicium as a derivative, 0. Fr. fair for sale in was held, exposing their goods to ; caveliche. But, from the connexion, it seems rather to order to prevent the broils, and even bloodshed, which have denoted some sort of tax. Omnes tenentur re- often resulted from their struggles to obtain the best spondere ad conventum in censibus, in caveliciis, et in situations, it was reckoned necessary that all, who aliis reditibus. Vet. Chart, ap. Du Cange, vo. Capitate meant to erect stalls, should give in their names, and 5. col. 251. Perhaps it signified a poll-tax, as, in bar- cast cavils, or draw cuts, as to the place that each was barous language, Fr. cavesche is the head. V. Cotgr. to occupy. The learned Du Cange, indeed, was so much a stranger Now, it is evident that the passage from the Burrow to our term Cavil, as occurring in Stat. Gild., that he refers to this it it Lawes very circumstance ; as regards says seems to be the same with Cavelicium, which he and fairs stallanyers. The other (Gild. e. 20) must be expl., Census capitis, aut aliud tributi genus. understood in the same sense: "Na man sail buy or bot he is ane brother of our Gild. s. like sell, quha Except CAVER, KAVEB, [pron. E. brave.'] A he be ane stranger mere/land, [i.e. one who means to gentle breeze, a term used on the western erect a stall], quha sail not haue lott, nor cavell, with " coast of from the v. to any of our brother. The meaning obviously is, that S.; probably Cave, who came to a should not be allowed strangers, fair, drive, q. one which drives a vessel forward to cast lots in common with the The gild-brether. in its or as the idea latter were to after course, perhaps including have the preference ; and they had of cast lots for their places, strangers might do it among tossing ; synon.