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ASAC rbl Shtn n lt Injtn Mldn Mhn b fr Kl e uose o is esis is o i e souio o ose oems wic occu uig asic iecio moig ocess Moig cyce oem aaysis is a imoa ie i asic iecio ocess I is ey ecessay o cac e oems uig oeaio eeoe o e asis o eseac oue sooig cieia is eae Goo quaiy coo is a esseia eaue o iig ay so o au Quaiy coo is associae wi eac a eey se o oeaio o maiai e equie sae a suace iisig Mos o e moig oems ae soe y ayig e macie coiios a y cagig e esig o e mo u some oems emai ucage eeoe i suc cases ossie souio may e i ou y meas o eamiig e eie oeaio o y cagig e aiaes eeoe o e asis o is eseac a oue sooig ogam o a ogam soe is eae wic es o ge e coec souio o e oems OUE SOOIG I ASIC IECIO MOIG MACIES y fr Kl A esis Sumie o e acuy o ew esey Isiue o ecoogy i aia uime o e equiemes o e egee o Mase o Sciece eame o Mauacuig Egieeig auay 1993 AOA AGE rbl Shtn n lt njtn Mldn Mhn fr Kl cSSee Koeski esis Aise Assisa oesso a ogam Cooiao o Mauacuig Egieeig ecoogy I aIS Soi Commiee Meme Associae oesso o Mecaica Egieeig a ieco o Mauacuig Egieeig ogams I Geski E Commiee Meme Associae oesso o Mecaica Egieeig I IOGAICA SKEC : aa kama r: Mase o Sciece i Mauacuig Egieeig t: auay 1993 Undrrdt nd Grdt Edtn: - Mase o Sciece i Mauacuig Egieeig ew esey Isiue o ecoogy ewak 1993 - aceo o Sciece i Mecaica Egieeig E Uiesiy o Egieeig a ecoogy Kaaci 19 Mjr: Mauacuig Egieeig is esis is eicae o my aes v ACKOWEGME I wou ike o ak my aise See Koeski o is guiace a aice i is eseac I aso ak M Moamme awa wiou wose e comeio o is wok wou ae ee iicu I wou ike o ak my ie Asim ueii o is ki e uig is eseac Seciay I am gaeu o my cousi Aisa iam wo moay suoe me o iis is egee iay I wou ike o ak my amiy o ei e uesaig a aiece uig e yeas a I suie vi AE O COES Chapter Page 1 OCESSIG O ASIC 1 11 Ioucio 1 1 Eusio 1 13 Iecio Moig 1 eais o e ocess 3 15 Camig sysem 1 Mos 11 iee eaues o Mos 7 1 ues 13 Sues 9 1 eig 9 15 Mo emeaue Coo 1 17 ea Caaciy o e Maeia 1 1 Eea eaig o Iecio Cyie 13 MOIG A IISIG 17 1 Moig Cyce 17 Mo Cooig 3 a Eecio Mo eease 5 5 Aiies o e asics Mo Sikage 7 1 os Mo Sikage a Waig 9 7 Quaiy Coo 3 vii 3 CAM SYSEM 3 31 Ioucio 3 3 ess ae 3 33 aig o e Sysem 33 3 Eiciecy o e Cam 3 35 Oeig a Cosig Sysem o Mo 3 SYSEMS O IECIO MOIG MACIE 3 1 yauic Sysem 3 yauic ums 3 1 Oeaig aes a Coo yauic Moos a Cyies 3 yauic uis 1 yauic Accessoies 1 5 e Eecica Sysem 1 Eecica Coos 7 ucioa Coos 5 IECIO MOIG ECIQUES 51 ow Moig 5 Eusio ow Moig 7 53 Iecio ow Moig 9 5 Sec ow Moig 5 55 eacio Iecio Moig 53 5 iqui Iecio Moig 57 57 Sucua oam Iecio Moig 57 5 Sawic Moig 59 emoomig 1 591 acuum omig 1 iii EE SYSEM 5 1 Ioucio 5 ue 5 1 ue Coss-Secio Sae 3 ue Sie 7 ue ayou 7 1 Sige Imessio Mo 7 wo Imessios Mo 7 3 ee Imessios Mo 7 5 Oe Mui-messio Mos 77 7 ESIG O E GAES 7 71 Ioucio 7 7 ocaio o e Gae 79 73 aace Gaig 7 yes o Gaes 3 71 Sue Gae 3 7 ecagua Ege Gae 73 Gae Sie 7 7 Oea Gae 75 a Gae 9 7 a Gae 91 77 iaam Gae 9 7 ig Gae 9 79 im Gae 95 71 i Gae 95 711 Susuace Gae 9 i ASIC MOIG MAEIAS 11 1 Ioucio 11 yes o asics 1 3 eiiio o asics 15 Ieiicaio o asic Maeias 1 9 OYEYEE A OYOYEES 113 91 ow esiy oyeyees 113 9 Iecio Moig oyeyee is 113 91 Moig Macies 11 9 Moig Coiios 11 93 Me emeaue 11 9 Mo emeaue 11 95 Cyce ime 117 9 Iecio essue a Iecio See 117 97 So Sie 117 9 Scew See 11 99 Maeias 119 93 oyoyees 119 931 ysica Caaceisics 13 93 Iecio Moig Macies 13 933 Moig i Secios 1 93 Moig ick Secios 1 9 Moig eciques a Coiios Aecig a 17 91 Iecio See 17 9 Iecio essue 1 93 Camig essue 1 9 Me emeaue 19 95 Mo emeaue 19 9 Cyce ime 13 1 COO O OCESS 131 11 Ioucio 131 1 Ceckig o e Maeia 131 13 Comouig a Cooig I-a 13 1 oucio Coo o Quaiy 13 15 Ecoomic Coo o Equime 135 1 Macie Sae Eegy 137 17 asics Sae Eegy 11 1 Macie Saey 13 11 IE OEACES O ASIC MOIG 1 111 Mo Sikage 1 11 Caegoies o Sikage oems 15 1 OUE SOOIG OGAM 19 11 Ioucio 19 1 oue Sooig 19 13 Aoac Sou e Eac 15 1 oem Soig 151 15 Cocusio 15 EEECES xi IS O AES bl Page 1 ea equie o emoe i Moig yica esis 11 2. Cyie-eae Ius a owe equiemes o yica Macie Sie 15 3 Aoimae Cam oces o Iecio So Caaciies 3 4. yica Seciicaio o a ig Quaiy uie Oi Use as a yauic ui 3 5 ASM ie Ca-Ou 17 6. Saa Symos a amiy ames 19 7 Ce ae G eai equiemes 11 8. Sui Symos a equiemes 111 9 eie oyeyee 17 ysica oeies 1 1 eie oyeyee 1 ysica oeies 11 11 eie oyeyee 1 ysica oeies 1 1 eie oyoyee E31 ysica oeies 15 13 Eegy equieme o iee Maeias 1 1 Saa oeaces Ca o a oycaoae 1 15 Saa oeace Ca o eoic 17 i i IS O IGUES r Page 1 Cyie Caaciy as a ucio o Me emeaue 1 2. Iecio Moig Cyce-Me eay o Iecio 19 3 Iecio Moig Cyce-Me eig Iece 20 4. Iecio Moig Cyce-Me eig asicie 1 5 Iecio Moig Cyce-a Eecio 3 6. Scemaic iagam o a asic yauic Cam Sysem 35 7 Eusio ow Moig 5 8. Iecio ow Moig 51 9 iqui Iecio Moig 5 1 Sages i iqui Iecio Moig 62 11 acuum omig 62 1 ee Sysem 7 13 Eiciecy o aious ue oies 9 1 Guie o ue iamee o Moig Secio 73 15 Guie o ue iamee o Moig Secio 75 1 aace ue ayous 7 17 osiio o Gae 80 1 ues ayous Wic ecessiae aace Gaig 1 19 Sue Gae 5 20. iee Saes o Gaes 86 1 iee iews o Oea Gae 9 22. iee iews o a Gae 9 3 iee iews o ig gae 93 iee iews o a gae 93 5 iee iews o iaam Gae 9 26. iee iews o osiio o Gae 9 7 iee iews o i Gae 99 28. iee iews o ou Ege Gae 99 i CAE OCESSIG O ASICS . Intrdtn Oe o e mos ousaig eaues o e asics is e ease wi wic ey ca e ocesse I some cases semi-iise aices suc as sees o os ae ouce a suseque aicae io sae usig coeioa meos suc as weig o maciig I e maoiy o e cases owee e iise aice wic may e quie come i sae is ouce i a sige oeaio e ocessig sages o eaig saig a cooig may e coiuous (eg oucio o ie y eusio o a eeae cyce o ees (eg oucio o eeoe ousig y iecio mouig u i mos cases e ocesses may e auomae a so ae aicuay suiae o mass oucio ee is wie age o ocessig meos wic may e use o asics I mos cases e coice o meo is ase o e sae o e comoe a wee i is emoasic o emoseig ee ae wo icia meos o ocessig asics 1 Eusio 2.