VYTAUTAS MAGNUS UNIVERSITY THE MUSIC ACADEMY Piano department XIA WEI Interpretation of China Folk Songs: A Case Of Song Walking ToThe West Master thesis Kinų liaudies dainų interpretavimas: dainos Keliaujant į vakarus atvejis Magistro darbas Title of the study programme: Performing arts (6211PX027) Field of studies: MUSIC (C001) Advisor: dr. Gintare Vaitontyte_________ 2020 06 09 Defended: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Saulius Gerulis _________2020 06 09 Kaunas, 2020 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS SANTRAUKA.............................................................................................................2 SUMMARY.................................................................................................................3 1 Situation of folk songs in China...............................................................................5 1.1Types of sorted folk songs..............................................................................6 1.2Newly compilde folk songs........................................................................8 1.3 A Study on the Artistic Characteristics of Western Folk Songs with the Theme of Go West............................................................................................. 11 1.3.1 The emergence of folk songs in Go West........................................ 11 1.3.2 The development process of Xikou folk songs................................12 1.3.3 Classification of Zuoxikou Folk Songs........................................... 13 1.4 The interpretation of the beauty of the lyrics of the folk songs of "Zou Xikou"................................................................................................................18 1.4.1 The natural beauty of the lyrics........................................................18 1.4.2 The naive beauty of the lyrics.......................................................... 20 1.4.3 The implicit beauty of the lyrics...................................................... 20 2 Interpretation of folk song WALKING TO THE WEST.......................................22 2裘 Methodology............................................................................................22 Survey......................................................................................................23 o Reflection.................................................................................................27 3 Conslusions.............................................................................................................28 REFERENCES.......................................................................................................... 31 1 SANTRAUKA Xia Wei. Interpretation of China Folk Songs: A Case of Song Walking to the West /Kinijos liaudies dainų interpretavimas: dainos Keliaujant į vakarus atvejis. Magistro darbas. Vadovė dr. Gintarė Vaitonytė, Vytauto Didžiojo Universiteto Muzikos akademija, 2020. Raktažodžiai: Kinijos liaudies dainos, interpretacija, grynosios liaudies dainos. Kinų liaudies dainos yra kilusios iš didžiausių Kinijos kaimų, kalnuotų ir mažų rajonų, o auditorija yra nepaprastai plati. Liaudies dainas kuria dirbantys žmonės, vykdydami socialinę gamybą, ir tai perteikia dirbančių žmonių išmintį. Dainos yra skirtingų formų, turtingos įvairovės, plačiai paplitusios ir turi ilgą istoriją. Tyrimo problema: Kinijos liaudies dainos buvo sukurtos seniai, tačiau Kinijos žmonės jas vis dar dainuoja. Kadangi tai yra naujasis amžius, žmonės į savo liaudies dainas įtraukia naujus savo gyvenimo kontekstus ir tai reiškia, kad ta pati liaudies daina gali būti interpretuojama skirtingai. Objektas: Liaudies dainų interpretavimo skirtumai šiais laikais Kinijoje Tyrimo tikslas: Išanalizuoti, kokie yra grynosios ir naujai sudarytos liaudies dainos interpretacijos skirtumai šiais laikais Kinijoje. Tyrimo uždaviniai: 1) Apibūdinti liaudies dainos apibrėžimą Kinijoje. 2) išsiaiškinti, kaip naujai sudaryta liaudies daina. 3) Išanalizuoti, kokie yra skirtumai, kaip šiais laikais žmonės aiškina grynąją ir naujai sudarytą liaudies dainą. Metodai: Literatūros apžvalgos metodas, kiekybinis tyrimas, aprašymas. Darbą sudaro 6 dalys: įvadas, dvi dalys ir išvados. Surinkę įvairius atsiųstus klausimynus ir atlikę nuodugnų tyrimą bei analizę, klausimyno duomenys apibendrinti taip: Keliaujant į vakarus liaudies daina geriau žinoma šiaurės vakarų Kinijoje, todėl šį kartą apklausos rezultatai gali būti pateikti objektyviau ir tiksliau parodyti šiaurės vakarų Kinijos žmonių muzikinį gyvenimą. Nors dabartinė karta geriau supranta ir saugo liaudies dainas, liaudies dainų supratimo lygis vis dar yra gana žemas, o profesinio supratimo nėra. Po kruopštaus tyrimo paaiškėjo, kad originalus (grynasis) tirtos dainos variantas, daugiausia buvo žinomas šiauriniame Šaansi mieste. 2 SUMMARY Xia Wei. Interpretation of China Folk Songs: A Case of Song Walking to the West / Kinijos liaudies dainų interpretavimas: dainos Keliaujant į vakarus atvejis. Master thesis. Supervisor dr. Gintare Vaitonyte, Vytautas Magnus University, Music Academy, 2020. Key words: China folk songs, interpretation, sorted folk songs. Chinese folk songs originate from the vast rural, mountainous and minority areas of China, and the audience is extremely broad. Folk songs are created by the working people in the practice of social production and are the crystallization of the wisdom of the working people. They are diverse in form, rich in variety, widely distributed and have a long history. Problem of the research: Chinese folk songs were created long time ago, but people in China are still singing them. As it is new age, people put new contexts of their day life into folk songs and that means, the same folk song could be interpreted differently. Object: The differences of folk song’s interpretation in China nowadays The aim of the research: To analyse, what are the differences of sorted and newly compiled folk song’s interpretation in China nowadays. The tasks of the research: 1) To describe what is the definition of folk song in China. 2) To find out how folk song is newly compiled. 3) To analyse, what are the differences of how people interpret sorted and newly compiled folk song nowadays. Methods: Literature review method, quantative researche, description. Structure: master thesis has introduction, two parts and conclusions. After collecting the various questionnaires sent, and conducting in-depth research and analysis, the above questionnaire data are summarized as follows: First, the folk song of Xikou has a good mass base in northwestern China, making this time The results of the survey can more objectively and accurately show the music life of the people in Northwest China. Secondly, a survey and analysis of the current state of retention of folk songs in northwestern China has been made through the summary of personal information such as the age of different interviewees. Although the current masses have a better sense to appreciate and protect folk songs, The level of understanding of Xikou folk songs is still relatively shallow, and there is no professional understanding. After careful research, the original "Zouxikou", which was popular among people, was mainly in northern Shaanxi. Because of the continuous spread of the people, this folk song gradually became popular, and then it will be fixed with the change of region Change its tune in degree. But no matter how it changes, its tune is still very emotional, and it can bring people into it. 3 INTRODUCTION Chinese folk songs have a long history. From the earliest labour force that the people gathered together to work, to the spread of modern new folk songs, there have been thousands of years of historical process. Chinese folk songs are songs with Chinese characteristics that express people's emotions, thoughts, resentments, praises and other thoughts and emotions, with local characteristics, and good and narrative songs with local folk charm. With the development of the times, the development of folk songs has gradually accelerated. At the end of the feudal society, folk songs have absorbed the characteristics of his sister art such as folk art and opera, which has made great progress in the form and genre of folk songs. It has become rich and has obvious features. Chinese folk songs originate from the vast rural, mountainous and minority areas of China, and the audience is extremely broad. Folk songs are created by the working people in the practice of social production and are the crystallization of the wisdom of the working people. They are diverse in form, rich in variety, widely distributed and have a long history. According to the genre classification, my national songs can be roughly divided into three categories: labor number, folk songs and minor notes. These kinds of folk songs, their musical ontology elements mainly include texture form, tone tonality, beat rhythm, music structure and song content. Our country's folk songs enrich the cultural life of the working people. We must inherit it well and protect it effectively. Problem of the research: Chinese folk songs were created long time ago, but people in China are still singing them. As it is new age, people put new contexts of their day life into folk songs and that means, the same folk song could be interpreted differently. Object: The differences of folk song’s interpretation in China nowadays. The aim of the research: To analyse, what are the differences of folk song’s interpretion in China nowadays. The tasks of the research: 1) To describe what is the definition of folk song