bY R aphael U nrug T he assem bly of G ondw analand Scientif c results of IG C P P rQject 288: G ondw analand sutures and m obile belts (follellvallelland ；， · ‘，‘、elssellibled ill lhe 从1OP roterozoic IG C JI Project 288 (w nd lvem aland m au，一‘）、‘，，，‘／／了，／‘／j，。／1八 P an A.11-ican-B rtisdiano orogem 介)How ilig breakup ‘，广 （199(）一1995, extended in 1990 ) asscm N ed ：、larl-e and di\ci-,,c IILIIII- he'- Of PM-ticilM lIts. Ik Ullk-d I-Cl2io）nal studies conducted ill }111 ex- 1／］（夕／）1沼〔‘（，‘／ti，‘留R odinia supercontilicia. The hiller created G o nd -A m ialand SOU 山ern co n tinen ts }}e re s\ n the siscd in the G cot卜－ ond 、‘1 1/1 illolioll。，iiew sYm em ‘夕'11tilospheric philes that nam ic m ap （）！( ;olldw allalalld 八、scm hk I)FOCILICCLI jOilltIN' h}r IG C P ir vithed ill Ilie,101-Inaltoti o)"N eop rolet-o-P ic m obile bell.% Pro,ject 288 W alahasc Icnel-aliojn), Ole C otincil fol- (W OSCIence, Pre- t0l-lil, SOLIth A frica (G IS and digital cartoyr}tph} ), and the B UI-CM I (IC slllllrinl} old crolotis ill G ondivanalm id. L ast G ontA valiti- R echcrches G cO1OI1M(jLleS Ct M illic[-C',, 0 1-1}Z111, FI-M ICC (pl'illtillO . III land w as a .11-op tient ol Rodinia that survived the addition to the in}甲．W hich is 山C IW IJOI- OLIICOIIIC 01' I(A P 288. the ／”，、akitp alid, du，一，it,, the N vop roiero -oi( 、、，‘，．、a/.} ec,c ted pro,ject achicved im portant rem ilt、川 1-c I'i川ng the Concept of ‘，，，／、，bY I'llta lcolitt.n e l lia八 eloritialion. Ill M }st G o，ntlw a- R odinia 一［he ';llj)Cl-COlItillCllt I)I-CCUI-Sol- to （iondw ana, datim-, ]hc crc- ation of 山C P}W ihC O CCM I, M Id CIC\Clol)ill,( h\j)OthCSeS Oll C}ILISCS Of lioloild, 1/1( ‘，／，‘nin"', ‘，／th，二。‘，（calls, I)-olll w hich Poll 山e %0 despread dccrat(）川、atioll 。）！old continental crust fragm ents A lO call-B ra'siliallo orogeivs w ere bot-11, Is traced to a and postoroLcnic m aom ati,,m in the Pan 八frican- 131%i,,ih,m o period ol,crustal c.vicilsioll, ri／? illg, trallspi-cssioll. OR )gc 11y Plo "' Ie s " low ards solvim-,山。G ollkk}allalalld asscillbly puzzle jiltil(c aa activitv, ond (I八、，、docum ented lerralW ('0111- w as rapid. ReLional s} nthesc,, (T ionipcitc, 1994} S11-11111), 1995 ) siL- }iolls (/000 刃0 M a ), brockeled bY R othnia a,s,}em hlv nificall(k, }1(k zlllccd ulldelsiallding the evolution of' ituportalit parts tind breakup.八／八'raloll collisioll、illvolvilig clo wli-c （，／ of, G olidw allalaild. Flic Icadci I,., rcleri-cd to the transctipt ol'an open f'Ol-LIIII ClISCLISSIOll held ：I t the 8th livernational G ond}}ana Syiupo- OCCOILS, (04(）-590 M a ），postelate the Rodinia bi-cakup M UM ill11、）卜：Irt l：1、111：川1：1（1〕、）w o11． 1 9 93)LInd rc%ic A,s(U uI-U0, 1992二 A e Pail A /1-icai，-B rasiliavio orogeti1v (72(）一-5-50 Ala) is R ogCI 'S , 以al，1995二、oshickt, I‘）95）101- }tCCOLIIHI, OF file C%ol、厂i ll9 ，、‘／‘·万lied to illclude otll\, the colli.sioll一，-clated ideas. T his paper prescnts the nlilill I)Oilll', 01 CLIITClu \ iCIA 1, Oil G oll- tion, }hcariii,} and tectoiiic escape, and synorogetuc & A ana land a,,se m b ly as ‘）｛ 19 96 . R c le re nccs are m adc to rece nt JXIPCI-S l)LIhli1,lICd (ILHAW-1 the file Of lG C P P1-OjCCt -188. inaginatisill pm Idatilig the R othilia breakup . livo m odels ／，‘，、】‘乃。、，，p roposed 八，，posloro,}ellic ，，，‘，；，，1‘，It‘、，，1 a l lel liplili, w ith"Sp i-cad ill G oildw allaltilld: lithosplicric 171011- F rom R odinia to G ondw ana to P angea fl e d ela inina tio n ca used In co nlilienta 八'0 11i'v o ll ill W est (joildw allalaild alld itildcl-ploling of busallic intigilla ill G oildw allakuld ori-illated LlUI-iI1L the N copro(cro/oic Pan A trican- 111-}ISili,1110 OIOLIC]IiCS (FiLLII-C I）tlM l I-C}UhCd in occan Closure and Eo.st G ond waiialan(L Lvotopic studies suggest large- M ITTW I}-Icnlcllt, collision, alld 141ti-11-111I0 of oldcr continental crust scah, addi'11011 。，／S111)(Irgent, w ater to hot ‘rust in Ihe,se fi-}ILIIIICIIIS PI-OdLICCd hy hi-cakup （）！the piccurso，I . sUPCI-COntHieut post 0roge/lu el'Clits. 刀，‘，(vs,w inb/v ot'G ondtvaiialm id R o d in ia. T he d em ise o l' R od inia and 1'0 1-111}tliO ll 01 C o nd w ana land is convenicnily clesciihed ill term s of the st-II)CI-ColltilICIA cycle. A p rocet,dcd b-N, elockin,cl, of individuol。二，tolis aild Ihe，二is SUPCIVOlItille'll I,, (IC1111C(I hy its ：I SSCHIM 11111 111oh',il OFOLIelly. -1he ，，（，evidem -e （，／one collisim i betw (‘，，，M e,vi w id Ea st 6 011- hi-cakLIP P}IRCI-ll Of file pI-CCLII-SOr SUI)CICOlItHICIlt reshapes cratons for dwalialatid. Aft er die ossem b/Y of'G om ilw analand, te( the next supercontinent cycle. III a cycle the breakup Of M l OldCl- SLI11CI-CO111111CIII illid LICCICtiO)) 01：、IIC\k supel-contillclit o%,Cl-l：tp ill tillic toiiic and m aginw ic activitY ‘v h}ft ed to the accretionar.N but [lot ill "Pace. Poc}fi - m argin, and (it the sam e litne rifi ng w id calving Rodinia w it s a s sem bled by late M CS()P]-()ICI()Z()IC （13M ）一！（）（）（） 0/ tel，·‘，，，。、‘，。·（elerated tit the opposite m ar,}m ‘，厂thc M il) ol-oL'Cllics that produced tile SvcC(）一N orw e,gian, G renville, Sri,,- sup erco ii t ii i e i it. 、：、、、K ibaran, N am aqua -N iilal, M aLldheim , I'd ozanibiqUe, Eastern G hats, A lbany, Frascr, Paterson-M u,}gIra\c, noith-easl A LISO'ali}、一 Y angt/.e-C alhaysia and K irim ping m obile bells (I"i"Ure 2). T he brcakup 01'LaLlrelltia I'l-0111 F aSt A ntarctica and A L IS t ra lia to create tire Pacific O cean- the first m ajor eveni ill Rodinia disinte- In tro d u ctio n grati oil一 w its dated on palcom aIgnetic dirta ill }20 M 川 low ell et al., 1993, Pow ell, and LA, 1994h). floffirian （！99 1）proposed that the H istorically. G ondw analand lias been a 化I-tilC fiCld Ot'SILICly. E m ei- hreakUp 、）！LaUl-ClIlia from R odinia initiated the supercontinent octice ol'the ne\N paradigni ol'plate tectonics brought appreciation of l-CCOllh,('Uration that reA llted ill the lorm ation ol G ondw analand. J he the cal-1v syntheses of, Suess （1985), W c-ccncr （19 15), and IJU T oit breakUp ot R odinia w as preceded by (lie form ation of rift and sag （193 7 ). th at w ere ahc ad o t th eir linic . and rev ive d interest ill G o n- hiisins, illtlaco）litillcillid m obile hells, passive filarl"ills, itird m agm atic (1\} }111;lkfl d ICC0）IISIFUCtiOlI h}tsed on inarine geophysics. T he G colog- arcs that w ere later kivolved ill tire assem bly ol' G ondw analand ical M ap of Sector,, ofJ iondw ana (de W it, 1988 ) focused oil Cl-USM I 'f 111.11, tile bl-Cakup of Rodinia and a}scm bly ol G ondw analand " ere extension preceding the M esozoic breakup of G ondw analand and partly coeval (I"i"Llre 3). (;ondw analand assem bly w il'} com plete by Initiation （）‘sedim entary hasins alonIo (lie passi\c niargins（）【present e;ji-liest Palcozoic little. 'I’h CrC COLIJO IKIVC bCCll：：},Cojol-icajjy Ilect- e x 一（io n d \v a n a la n d c o u lu ie n ts - Ill'-' little }NhCll LaLlICII(M \&it, still joined w ith S iberia air(] B altica h"p i,w d,、．V o l. 11), nos. / & ) 1 2 F igure I G o n d w a n alan d cra to n s a n d 乃oterozoic m ohile C a d o m ia n b e lts . A va lo n ian 夔 P ac ific M argin 赢 摹摹摹 M esoproterozoic m o bile belts A rchean 一Paleoproterozoic c ra to n s 瓢馨 N eoproterozoic m obile belts _.i}瓢 N eoproterozoic aulacogens A rc h e a n a n d P r o te ro z o ic cr a to n s : N eoproterozoic m obile belts: 14 A raguaia 2 7 K a o k o A IVIZ A m azonian 1 M a u re ta n id e s 1 5 G o ia s 2 8 D a m a ra B D K B u ndelkhand 2 B a ssa rid es 1 6 B ra silia 2 9 L u fi lia n C NG Congo 3 R o c k e lid e s 17 Param irim aulacogen 30 Kundelungu aulacogen EAG East A ntarctica-G awler 4 A n ti A tlas 1 8 A rac u a i 30aB u koban aulacogen E S N E ast Sahara- N ile 5 O ugata aulacogen 19 W est Congo 3 1 Z a m b e z i KG K alahari-Grunehogna 6 T ran s-S ah a ra n 20 Sangha aulacogen 32 G ariep M D M adagascar-Dharw ar 7 T ib e sti 2 1 T u c a va c a 3 3 S a ld an ia N A N orth A u stralian 8 G ourm a aulacogen 22 Paraguay-C ordoba 3 4 B e ard m o re R L P R io de la Plata 9 D ah o rn eid e s 23 Pam pean Ranges 35 Pinjarra S Salvador 10 N igeria 23aN orthern Patagonia 3 6 A d elaid e S F Sao Francisco 1 1 B o rb o re rn a 2 4 R ib e ira 37 Patterson- Peterm an R anges W A W est Australian 12 Sergipe-O ubanguide 2 5 R io D o c e W A F W est A frican 1 3 A N E K T 2 6 D o m F e lic ia n o w as in contact w ith the A m azon ia a nd R io d e la P lata crato n s and th e rest of G ondw analand, to form a latest N eoproterozoic superconti- G eodynam ic provinces of G ondw analand nent Pannotia (Pow ell, 1995).