Abbreviations Used in the Notes Add.MSS British Museum, Additional Manuscripts ADM Public Record Office, Admiralty Files AIR Public Record Office, Air Ministry Files DBFP Documents on British Foreign Policy, First Series, 25 volumes (London, HMSO, 1947-84) CAB Public Record Office, Cabinet Files CID Committee of Imperial Defence CO Public Record Office, Colonial Office Files C.P. Cabinet Paper Curzon FCG Curzon's account of the fall of the Coalition Government, written at Lausanne, 30 November 1922, and continued later, Curzon Papers MSS.Eur.F.l 12/319 FO Public Record Office, Foreign Office Files I.C.P. International Conference Papers L/P&S India Office Library, Viceroy's Political and Secret Depart­ ment PD(C) Parliamentary Debates (Commons), 5th Series, 1919-24 PD(L) Parliamentary Debates (Lords), 5th Series, 1919-24 T Public Record Office, Treasury Files WO Public Record Office, War Office Files 202 Notes 1 LORD CURZON AND THE FOREIGN OFFICE 1. I. Kirkpatrick, The Inner Circle: Memoirs (London, 1959), p. 33. 2. Lord Hardinge of Penshurst's memoirs, Old Diplomacy (London, 1947) leave little doubt as to Hardinge's thoughts on Curzon. 3. Sir O. O'Malley, The Phantom Caravan (London, 1954), pp. 59-60. 4. See A. J. Sharp, The Foreign Office in Eclipse 1919-22', History, vol. 61, 1976. 5. Curzon FCG. 6. Ibid. 7. C. J. Wrigley, Lloyd George and the Challenge of Labour: The Post- War Coalition 1918-1922 (London, 1990). 8. Speech by Cecil, 20 May 1920, PD(C), vol. 129, col. 1682. 9. Speech by Curzon, 10 February 1920, PD(L), vol. 39, col. 25. 10. Speech by Balfour, 17 June 1920, PD(C), vol. 130, col. 1507. 2 WESTERN EUROPEAN SECURITY 1. J. M. Keynes, The Economic Consequences of the Peace (London, 1919). 2. Austen Chamberlain to Ida Chamberlain, 21 December 1919, Austen Cham­ berlain papers AC5/1/46. 3. See Roddie to Sir Almeric FitzRoy, 14 December 1919, circulated as C.P.322, CAB24/95; and Roddie to FitzRoy, 20 January 1920, C.P.598, CAB24/97, for example. 4. Hardinge to Curzon, 22 January 1920, Hardinge papers H.P.42. 5. Memorandum by the General Staff, 29 December 1919, circulated to the Cabinet with covering letter by Churchill, 8 January 1920, C.P. 428, CAB24/96. 6. Churchill to Lloyd George, 24 March 1920, Lloyd George papers, F/9/2/20. 7. See Curzon to Derby, 6 April 1920, DBFP vol. IX (London, 1960), pp. 324-5; & Cabinet conclusions, 8 April 1920, CAB23/21. 8. Arthur Henderson, Secretary of the Labour Party, to Lloyd George, 7 January 1920, Lloyd George papers F/27/3/39. 9. Austen Chamberlain to Ida Chamberlain, 29 January 1921, Austen Cham­ berlain papers AC5/1/190. 10. Cabinet conclusions, 7 March 1921, CAB23/24. 11. H. Nicolson, Curzon: The Last Phase (London, 1934), p. 235. 12. Curzon to Col Percival (Oppeln), 22 March 1921, DBFP, vol. XVI, (London, 1968), p. 1. 13. Memorandum by Major Ottley on the Silesian situation, 20 July 1921, C14828/92/18, ibid., No. 236, p. 258. 14. Cabinet conclusions, 24 May 1921, CAB23/25. 203 204 Notes 15. Ibid. 16. See Curzon to Churchill, 13 June 1921, Lloyd George papers F/13/2/30; & Churchill to Curzon, 16 June 1921, Curzon papers, reproduced in M. Gilbert, Winston S. Churchill, vol. IV, companion part 3 (London, 1976), p. 1510. 17. Derby to Lloyd George, 10 June 1921, Lloyd George papers F/14/5/27. 18. Speech to the Imperial Conference, 22 June 1921, Curzon papers MSS.Eur.F.l 12/308. 19. D'Abernon to King George V, 11 July 1921, D'Abernon papers 48922. 20. Treasury memorandum on German reparation, 16 November 1921, C.P.3556, CAB24/131. 21. Ibid. 22. Memorandum by R.S. Home, 28 November 1921, C.P.3612, CAB24/131. 23. Memorandum by Curzon, 28 December 1921, Curzon papers MSS.Eur. F. 112/242. 24. Curzon to Hardinge, 28 December 1921, Hardinge papers H.P.44. 25. For the key discussions at Cannes see DBFP, vol. XIX (London, 1974), pp. 1-136. See also H. H. Hall, 'Lloyd George, Briand and the Failure of the Anglo-French Entente', Journal of Modern History, vol. 50, 1978, supplementary article D1137. 26. Curzon to Balfour, 23 November 1921, No. 37, A8711/18/45, F0371/ 5623. 27. Hankey to his wife, 10 January 1922, Hankey papers HNKY.3/30. 28. Conversation between Lloyd George and Briand, 4 January 1922, DBFP, vol. XIX, No. 1, pp. 1-7 [p. 3]. 29. British Secretary's notes of a conversation between Lloyd George and Briand, 8 January 1922, ibid., pp. 56-8. 30. Cabinet conclusions, 10 January 1922, CAB23/29. 31. Hardinge to Curzon, 27 January 1922, Hardinge papers H.P. 45. 32. Cabinet memorandum by Curzon, 17 February 1922, C.P.3760, CAB24/ 133. 33. League of Nations Union, executive committee minutes, 9 February 1922, League of Nations Union papers, L.N.U. II 4. 34. Lloyd George to Derby, 18 February 1922, Derby papers 29/1. 35. Ibid., Derby diary, 18 February 1922. 36. Ibid., 20 February 1922. 37. Ibid., Curzon to Derby, 27 February 1922. 38. Curzon to Lloyd George, undated, MSS.Eur.F.l 12/319. 39. Curzon to Hardinge, 2 May 1922, Hardinge papers H.P.45. 40. Minute by Crowe, 29 March 1922, DBFP, vol.XX (London, 1976), p. 23. 41. H. Nicolson, op. cit., p. 243. 42. Ibid., p. 244. 43. Cabinet conclusions, 15 March 1922, CAB23/29. See also memorandum by Secretary of State for Air, 24 March 1922, C.P.3901, CAB24/136; and Air Ministry memorandum to CID, March 1922, Trenchard papers 76/1/21. 44. R. R. James, Memoirs of a Conservative: J. C. C. Davidson's Memoirs and Papers 1910-37 (London, 1969), p. 143. 45. Memorandum by Hoare, February 1923, C.P.88, CAB24/158. Notes 205 46. Cabinet conclusions, 20 June 1923, CAB23/46. 47. D'Abernon to Curzon, 10 October 1922, D'Abernon papers 48924B. 48. Cabinet conclusions, 7 December 1922, CAB23/32. 49. Derby to Bonar Law, 7 December 1922, W0137/1. 50. Hardinge to Curzon, 13 December 1922, No. 660, C17146/99/18, T160/ 141/F5232/1. 51. Bonar Law to Smuts, 26 December 1922, Smuts papers, vol. 25, Item 135. 52. Diary entry, 3 January 1923, reproduced in K. Middlemas (ed.), Thomas Jones: Whitehall Diary (London, 1969), vol. 1, p. 225. 53. Davidson to Baldwin, 6 January 1923, in R. R. James, op. cit., pp. 144-6. 54. Neville Chamberlain diary, 10 January 1923, Neville Chamberlain pa­ pers NC2/21. 55. Chamberlain to his wife, 11 January 1923, ibid., NCI/26/311. 56. Smuts to Bonar Law, 28 March 1923, Smuts papers, vol. 27, item 201. 57. Simon diary, 15 March 1923, Simon papers MS. Simon 5. 58. Morning Post, 12 January 1923. 59. Annual Conference of National Unionist Associations and of Liberal Unionist Associations, 25-26 October 1923, conference report, motion 16. 60. Derby to Crewe, 22 January 1923, Derby papers 35/2. 61. H. Nicolson, op. cit., pp. 362-3. 62. Curzon to Crewe, 11 May 1923, Crewe papers C/12. 63. Neville Chamberlain diary, 20 July 1923, Neville Chamberlain papers NC2/21. 64. Cabinet conclusions, 9 August 1923, CAB23/46. 65. Derby to Baldwin, 15 August 1923, W0137/1. 66. Derby to Baldwin, 16 August 1923, ibid. 67. Davidson to Hoare, 30 August 1923, Davidson papers DAV159. 68. Neville Chamberlain diary, 24 September 1923, Neville Chamberlain papers NC 2/21. 69. H. Nicolson, op. cit., p. 372. 70. Curzon's statement to the Imperial Conference, 5 October 1923, Curzon papers MSS.Eur.F.l 12/312. 71. See Crowe's memorandum for Baldwin on a letter from Poincare, 8 Oc­ tober 1923, Baldwin papers 108. 72. See note by the Chancellor of the Exchequer, 10 January 1924, C.P.29, CAB24/164. 3 EASTERN EUROPE. CORDON SANITAIRE OR POWDER-KEG? 1. M. L. Dockrill, J. D. Goold, Peace without Promise: Britain and The Peace Conferences, 1919-1923 (London, 1981), p. 128. 2. Speech by Bonar Law, 14 April 1920, PD(C), vol. 127, col. 1755. 3. Speech by Kenworthy, 20 April 1921, PD(C), vol. 140, col. 1921. 4. The Times, 6 December 1919. 5. Speech by Curzon, 13 April 1921, PD(L), vol. 44, col. 959. 6. Article by S. Hoare, 'Vienna and the State of Central Europe', Nine­ teenth Century, March 1920, pp. 409-23. See also The Question of a 206 Notes Danubian Confederation' by a Czech Socialist, The New Europe, 15 January 1920, pp. 15-17. 7. Wilson diary entry, 17 June 1919, Wilson papers HHW.28 DS.Misc 80, reel VIII. 8. E. Anderson, 'British Policy toward the Baltic States 1918-1920', Journal of Central European Affairs, vol. 19, No. 3, October 1959, pp. 276-89. 9. Cabinet conclusions, 12 November 1919, CAB23/18. 10. See, for example, memorandum by First Sea Lord, 4 November 1919, C.P.60, CAB24/92. 11. Memorandum by First Sea Lord, 20 May 1920, C.P.1332, CAB24/106. 12. Cabinet conclusions, 7 June 1920, CAB23/21. 13. Cabinet conclusions, 10 July 1920, CAB23/22. 14. Lloyd George to Churchill, 4 August 1920, Churchill papers 16/48, in M. Gilbert, Winston S. Churchill, vol. IV, companion pt.2, (London, 1976), p. 1159. 15. In 1920 Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia concluded a defensive alliance. In 1921 Czechoslovakia and Roumania, and Roumania and Yugoslavia concluded alliances. The Little Entente was established with the support of France. Poland was linked to the Little Entente in 1921 with the sig­ nature of a treaty of mutual assistance with Roumania which was di­ rected against the Soviet Union.